Details for: CL0000019

Cell ID: CL0000019

Cell Name: sperm

Marker Score Threshold: 545
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.

Synonyms: sperm cell, spermatozoid, spermatozoon

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: EEF1A1 (ENSG00000156508)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156508
  • Gene Symbol: FTH1 (ENSG00000167996)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167996
  • Gene Symbol: FTL (ENSG00000087086)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087086
  • Gene Symbol: H3 3B (ENSG00000132475)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132475
  • Gene Symbol: FAU (ENSG00000149806)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149806
  • Gene Symbol: GAPDH (ENSG00000111640)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111640
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPA2B1 (ENSG00000122566)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122566
  • Gene Symbol: HSP90AA1 (ENSG00000080824)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000080824
  • Gene Symbol: DDX5 (ENSG00000108654)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108654
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: COX4I1 (ENSG00000131143)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131143
  • Gene Symbol: HMGB1 (ENSG00000189403)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000189403
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: EEF2 (ENSG00000167658)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167658
  • Gene Symbol: COX7C (ENSG00000127184)
    Fold Change: 1.72
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127184
  • Gene Symbol: EEF1D (ENSG00000104529)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104529
  • Gene Symbol: CIRBP (ENSG00000099622)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099622
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: HLA A (ENSG00000206503)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000206503
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: HINT1 (ENSG00000169567)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169567
  • Gene Symbol: COX6C (ENSG00000164919)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164919
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: EIF4A2 (ENSG00000156976)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156976
  • Gene Symbol: EEF1B2 (ENSG00000114942)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114942
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPC (ENSG00000092199)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000092199
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPK (ENSG00000165119)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165119
  • Gene Symbol: GNAS (ENSG00000087460)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087460
  • Gene Symbol: HLA C (ENSG00000204525)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204525
  • Gene Symbol: COX6B1 (ENSG00000126267)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126267
  • Gene Symbol: HSPA8 (ENSG00000109971)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109971
  • Gene Symbol: H3 3A (ENSG00000163041)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163041
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPU (ENSG00000153187)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153187
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPA1 (ENSG00000135486)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135486
  • Gene Symbol: COX7A2 (ENSG00000112695)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112695
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: HMGN1 (ENSG00000205581)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000205581
  • Gene Symbol: COX5B (ENSG00000135940)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135940
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: KLF6 (ENSG00000067082)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067082
  • Gene Symbol: ENO1 (ENSG00000074800)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000074800
  • Gene Symbol: EIF4G2 (ENSG00000110321)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110321
  • Gene Symbol: GPX4 (ENSG00000167468)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167468
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPH1 (ENSG00000169045)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169045
  • Gene Symbol: COX6A1 (ENSG00000111775)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111775
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: GUK1 (ENSG00000143774)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143774
  • Gene Symbol: DUSP1 (ENSG00000120129)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120129
  • Gene Symbol: HLA E (ENSG00000204592)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204592
  • Gene Symbol: GSTP1 (ENSG00000084207)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084207
  • Gene Symbol: FOS (ENSG00000170345)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170345
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: COX8A (ENSG00000176340)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000176340
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: H2AZ1 (ENSG00000164032)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164032
  • Gene Symbol: PDIA3 (ENSG00000167004)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167004
  • Gene Symbol: HSPA5 (ENSG00000044574)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000044574
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: EIF4B (ENSG00000063046)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000063046
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: HMGN2 (ENSG00000198830)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198830
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213719
  • Gene Symbol: EIF5 (ENSG00000100664)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100664
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: CYBA (ENSG00000051523)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000051523
  • Gene Symbol: DBI (ENSG00000155368)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155368
  • Gene Symbol: COX7B (ENSG00000131174)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131174
  • Gene Symbol: DNAJA1 (ENSG00000086061)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000086061
  • Gene Symbol: CSTB (ENSG00000160213)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160213
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: DAD1 (ENSG00000129562)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129562
  • Gene Symbol: CD74 (ENSG00000019582)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000019582
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: HSPB1 (ENSG00000106211)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106211
  • Gene Symbol: CAST (ENSG00000153113)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153113
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPF (ENSG00000169813)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169813
  • Gene Symbol: CSNK1A1 (ENSG00000113712)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113712
  • Gene Symbol: TSC22D3 (ENSG00000157514)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157514
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPD (ENSG00000138668)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138668
  • Gene Symbol: ERH (ENSG00000100632)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100632
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: CLTA (ENSG00000122705)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122705
  • Gene Symbol: GDI2 (ENSG00000057608)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000057608
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: ENSA (ENSG00000143420)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143420
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** * Mature male germ cell, also known as a sperm cell or spermatozoid * Develops from a spermatid * Involved in cell motility, apoptosis, and regulation of the cell cycle * Interacts with other cells and proteins through adherens junctions, apical junctions, and other cellular structures * Plays a role in the adaptive immune system, antigen presentation, and regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane * Gene symbol: ACTB * Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624 **Clinical Significance** The mature male germ cell, or sperm cell, plays a crucial role in reproduction and fertility. Abnormalities in sperm cell development can lead to infertility and other reproductive problems. The cell's ability to interact with other cells and proteins through adherens junctions and apical junctions is important for its function in the reproductive system. In the context of the adaptive immune system, the sperm cell's role in antigen presentation is critical for the development of immune responses to pathogens. Abnormalities in this process can lead to impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infection. The regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane is also important for the sperm cell's function, particularly in terms of cell motility and fertilization. Abnormalities in this process can lead to impaired sperm function and reduced fertility. Overall, the mature male germ cell is a complex cell with multiple functions and interactions, and abnormalities in its development or function can have significant clinical implications. **Pathways and Ontologies** The mature male germ cell is involved in various biological pathways and ontologies, including: * Actin cytoskeleton, Actin filament, Adherens junction, Adherens junction assembly, Adherens junctions interactions * Apical junction complex, Apical protein localization, Atp binding, Axon, Axon guidance, Axonogenesis * B-wich complex positively regulates rrna expression, Bbaf complex, Blood microparticle, Brahma complex, Brush border, Calyx of held, Cell-cell communication, Cell-cell junction, Cell-cell junction organization, Cell-extracellular matrix interactions, Cell junction organization, Cell motility, Cellular response to cytochalasin b, Chaperonin-mediated protein folding, Chromatin, Chromatin modifying enzymes, Chromatin organization, Chromatin remodeling, Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Cooperation of prefoldin and tric/cct in actin and tubulin folding, Cortical cytoskeleton, Cytoplasm, Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule, Cytoskeleton, Cytosol, Dense body, Deubiquitination, Developmental biology, Disease, Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers, Dna damage recognition in gg-ner, Dna repair, Eph-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells, Eph-ephrin signaling, Ephb-mediated forward signaling, Epigenetic regulation of gene expression, Establishment or maintenance of cell polarity, Extracellular exosome, Extracellular space, Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production, Fcgamma receptor (fcgr) dependent phagocytosis, Fcgr3a-mediated phagocytosis, Focal adhesion, Folding of actin by cct/tric, Formation of annular gap junctions, Gap junction degradation, Gap junction trafficking, Gap junction trafficking and regulation, Gbaf complex, Gene expression (transcription), Global genome nucleotide excision repair (gg-ner), Glutamatergic synapse, Hats acetylate histones, Hemostasis, Hydrolase activity, Identical protein binding, Immune system, Infectious disease, Innate immune system, Interaction between l1 and ankyrins, Kinesin binding, Kinetochore, L1cam interactions, Lamellipodium, Leishmania infection, Leishmania phagocytosis, Maintenance of blood-brain barrier, Map2k and mapk activation, Mapk1/mapk3 signaling, Mapk family signaling cascades, Membrane, Membrane trafficking, Metabolism of proteins, Morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium, Nbaf complex, Negative regulation of cell differentiation, Negative regulation of protein binding, Nervous system development, Nitric-oxide synthase binding, Npbaf complex, Nua4 histone acetyltransferase complex, Nuclear matrix, Nucleoplasm, Nucleosomal dna binding, Nucleosome, Nucleotide excision repair, Nucleus, Oncogenic mapk signaling, Paradoxical activation of raf signaling by kinase inactive braf, Parasite infection, Parasitic infection pathways, Plasma membrane, Platelet aggregation, Positive epigenetic regulation of rrna expression, Positive regulation of cell differentiation, Positive regulation of cell population proliferation, Positive regulation of dna-templated transcription, Positive regulation of double-strand break repair, Positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination, Positive regulation of myoblast differentiation, Positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake, Positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance, Positive regulation of t cell differentiation, Post-translational protein modification, Postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton, Postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization, Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to cct/tric, Presynapse, Protein-containing complex, Protein binding, Protein folding, Protein kinase binding, Protein localization to adherens junction, Raf/map kinase cascade, Recycling pathway of l1, Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation, Regulation of apoptotic process, Regulation of cell cycle, Regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, Regulation of double-strand break repair, Regulation of g0 to g1 transition, Regulation of g1/s transition of mitotic cell cycle, Regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition, Regulation of norepinephrine uptake, Regulation of nucleotide-excision repair, Regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, Regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis, Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii, Regulation of transepithelial transport, Regulation of transmembrane transporter activity, Rhof gtpase cycle, Rho gtpase cycle, Rho gtpase effectors, Rho gtpases activate formins, Rho gtpases activate iqgaps, Rho gtpases activate wasps and waves, Ribonucleoprotein complex, Rsc-type complex, Schaffer collateral - ca1 synapse, Sensory perception, Sensory processing of sound, Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea, Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochlea, Signaling by braf and raf1 fusions, Signaling by high-kinase activity braf mutants, Signaling by moderate kinase activity braf mutants, Signaling by raf1 mutants, Signaling by ras mutants, Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, Signaling by rho gtpases, Signaling by rho gtpases, miro gtpases and rhobtb3, Signaling by vegf, Signaling downstream of ras mutants, Signal transduction, Structural constituent of cytoskeleton, Structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton, Substantia nigra development, Swi/snf complex, Synapse, Tat protein binding, Tau protein binding, Tight junction, Translocation of slc2a4 (glut4) to the plasma membrane, Uch proteinases, Vegfa-vegfr2 pathway, Vesicle, Vesicle-mediated transport **References** * [1] ACTB gene, Human Gene Database * [2] B2M gene, Human Gene Database * [3] Immune system, Encyclopedia of Immunology * [4] Antigen presentation, Encyclopedia of Immunology * [5] Cell motility, Encyclopedia of Cell Biology * [6] Apoptosis, Encyclopedia of Cell Biology * [7] Regulation of cell cycle, Encyclopedia of Cell Biology * [8] Protein localization, Encyclopedia of Cell Biology * [9] Actin cytoskeleton, Encyclopedia of Cell Biology * [10] Cytoskeleton, Encyclopedia of Cell Biology