Details for: CL0000091

Cell ID: CL0000091

Cell Name: Kupffer cell

Marker Score Threshold: 1,000
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids involved in erythrocyte clearance. Markers include F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68-positive, sialoadhesin-positive, CD163/SRCR-positive. Irregular, with long processes including lamellipodia extending into the sinusoid lumen, have flattened nucleus with cytoplasm containing characteristic invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform bodies); lie within the sinusoid lumen attached to the endothelial surface; derived from the bone marrow, form a major part of the body's mononuclear phagocyte system.

Synonyms: hepatic macrophage, littoral cell of hepatic sinusoid, liver macrophage, macrophagocytus stellatus, stellate cell of von Kupffer, von Kupffer cell

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: GPX1 (ENSG00000233276)
    Fold Change: 4.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000233276
  • Gene Symbol: CTSD (ENSG00000117984)
    Fold Change: 4.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117984
  • Gene Symbol: FOLR2 (ENSG00000165457)
    Fold Change: 4.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165457
  • Gene Symbol: C1QC (ENSG00000159189)
    Fold Change: 4.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159189
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 4.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 4.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 3.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: CYBB (ENSG00000165168)
    Fold Change: 3.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165168
  • Gene Symbol: CD5L (ENSG00000073754)
    Fold Change: 3.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000073754
  • Gene Symbol: FAU (ENSG00000149806)
    Fold Change: 3.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149806
  • Gene Symbol: H3 3A (ENSG00000163041)
    Fold Change: 3.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163041
  • Gene Symbol: COX8A (ENSG00000176340)
    Fold Change: 3.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000176340
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 3.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: H3 3B (ENSG00000132475)
    Fold Change: 3.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132475
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 3.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 3.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 3.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: EEF1A1 (ENSG00000156508)
    Fold Change: 3.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156508
  • Gene Symbol: DAB2 (ENSG00000153071)
    Fold Change: 3.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153071
  • Gene Symbol: FCER1G (ENSG00000158869)
    Fold Change: 3.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000158869
  • Gene Symbol: FYB1 (ENSG00000082074)
    Fold Change: 3.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000082074
  • Gene Symbol: CST3 (ENSG00000101439)
    Fold Change: 3.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101439
  • Gene Symbol: COX4I1 (ENSG00000131143)
    Fold Change: 3.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131143
  • Gene Symbol: COX7C (ENSG00000127184)
    Fold Change: 3.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127184
  • Gene Symbol: AIF1 (ENSG00000204472)
    Fold Change: 3.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204472
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 3.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: CYBA (ENSG00000051523)
    Fold Change: 3.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000051523
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 3.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: FTH1 (ENSG00000167996)
    Fold Change: 3.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167996
  • Gene Symbol: HSP90AA1 (ENSG00000080824)
    Fold Change: 3.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000080824
  • Gene Symbol: FCGR3A (ENSG00000203747)
    Fold Change: 3.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000203747
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 3.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: GAPDH (ENSG00000111640)
    Fold Change: 3.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111640
  • Gene Symbol: FTL (ENSG00000087086)
    Fold Change: 3.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087086
  • Gene Symbol: HLA C (ENSG00000204525)
    Fold Change: 3.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204525
  • Gene Symbol: BLOC1S1 (ENSG00000135441)
    Fold Change: 3.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135441
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 3.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: CD74 (ENSG00000019582)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000019582
  • Gene Symbol: FKBP1A (ENSG00000088832)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000088832
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: FOS (ENSG00000170345)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170345
  • Gene Symbol: HMGB1 (ENSG00000189403)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000189403
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 3.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 3.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: EEF1B2 (ENSG00000114942)
    Fold Change: 3.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114942
  • Gene Symbol: EEF1D (ENSG00000104529)
    Fold Change: 3.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104529
  • Gene Symbol: HLA A (ENSG00000206503)
    Fold Change: 3.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000206503
  • Gene Symbol: HLA B (ENSG00000234745)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000234745
  • Gene Symbol: COX6B1 (ENSG00000126267)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126267
  • Gene Symbol: GPR34 (ENSG00000171659)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171659
  • Gene Symbol: BLVRB (ENSG00000090013)
    Fold Change: 3.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090013
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 3.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: CTSB (ENSG00000164733)
    Fold Change: 3.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164733
  • Gene Symbol: HLA E (ENSG00000204592)
    Fold Change: 3.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204592
  • Gene Symbol: C1QB (ENSG00000173369)
    Fold Change: 3.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173369
  • Gene Symbol: C1QA (ENSG00000173372)
    Fold Change: 3.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173372
  • Gene Symbol: CTSS (ENSG00000163131)
    Fold Change: 3.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163131
  • Gene Symbol: GRN (ENSG00000030582)
    Fold Change: 3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000030582
  • Gene Symbol: HSPA8 (ENSG00000109971)
    Fold Change: 3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109971
  • Gene Symbol: HSP90AB1 (ENSG00000096384)
    Fold Change: 2.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000096384
  • Gene Symbol: COX6C (ENSG00000164919)
    Fold Change: 2.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164919
  • Gene Symbol: FCGRT (ENSG00000104870)
    Fold Change: 2.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104870
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPA1 (ENSG00000135486)
    Fold Change: 2.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135486
  • Gene Symbol: COX5B (ENSG00000135940)
    Fold Change: 2.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135940
  • Gene Symbol: GPX4 (ENSG00000167468)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167468
  • Gene Symbol: CD68 (ENSG00000129226)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129226
  • Gene Symbol: GLUL (ENSG00000135821)
    Fold Change: 2.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135821
  • Gene Symbol: DUSP1 (ENSG00000120129)
    Fold Change: 2.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120129
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: GSTP1 (ENSG00000084207)
    Fold Change: 2.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084207
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 2.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: HNRNPA2B1 (ENSG00000122566)
    Fold Change: 2.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122566
  • Gene Symbol: CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719)
    Fold Change: 2.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213719
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 2.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIB (ENSG00000111348)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111348
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 2.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: COX7A2 (ENSG00000112695)
    Fold Change: 2.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112695
  • Gene Symbol: JUNB (ENSG00000171223)
    Fold Change: 2.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171223
  • Gene Symbol: EEF2 (ENSG00000167658)
    Fold Change: 2.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167658
  • Gene Symbol: CD14 (ENSG00000170458)
    Fold Change: 2.84
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170458
  • Gene Symbol: CSTB (ENSG00000160213)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160213
  • Gene Symbol: AP2S1 (ENSG00000042753)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000042753
  • Gene Symbol: HINT1 (ENSG00000169567)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169567
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: CD86 (ENSG00000114013)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114013
  • Gene Symbol: COX6A1 (ENSG00000111775)
    Fold Change: 2.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111775
  • Gene Symbol: GNG5 (ENSG00000174021)
    Fold Change: 2.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174021
  • Gene Symbol: DDX5 (ENSG00000108654)
    Fold Change: 2.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108654
  • Gene Symbol: KLF6 (ENSG00000067082)
    Fold Change: 2.72
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067082
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 2.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 2.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 2.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: EIF3E (ENSG00000104408)
    Fold Change: 2.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104408
  • Gene Symbol: CSF1R (ENSG00000182578)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182578
  • Gene Symbol: CLTA (ENSG00000122705)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122705
  • Gene Symbol: CTSC (ENSG00000109861)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109861
  • Gene Symbol: CFD (ENSG00000197766)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197766
  • Gene Symbol: ALB (ENSG00000163631)
    Fold Change: 2.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163631

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in Kupffer cell cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in Kupffer cell cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.
**Key Characteristics** * Irregular shape with long processes and lamellipodia extending into the sinusoid lumen * Flattened nucleus with cytoplasm containing characteristic invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform bodies) * Derived from the bone marrow * Major part of the body's mononuclear phagocyte system * Markers: F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68-positive, sialoadhesin-positive, CD163/SRCR-positive * Found on the luminal surface of hepatic sinusoids * Involved in erythrocyte clearance and various physiological and pathological processes **Clinical Significance** Kupffer cells play a crucial role in various diseases and conditions, including: * Liver diseases: Kupffer cells are involved in liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. * Immune system disorders: Kupffer cells are involved in immune responses, including the clearance of pathogens and the regulation of immune cell activity. * Cancer: Kupffer cells can contribute to cancer progression by promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. * Oxidative stress: Kupffer cells can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to oxidative stress and tissue damage. * Infectious diseases: Kupffer cells can play a role in the clearance of pathogens and the regulation of immune responses. Understanding the function and regulation of Kupffer cells is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for various diseases and conditions. **Gene Symbol and Pathways/Ontology** Kupffer cells are associated with several genes and pathways, including: * Gene Symbol: GPX1 * Pathways/Ontology: Angiogenesis involved in wound healing, Arachidonic acid metabolic process, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Biological process involved in interaction with symbiont, Blood vessel endothelial cell migration, Cell redox homeostasis, Cellular oxidant detoxification, Cellular responses to stimuli, Cellular responses to stress, Cellular response to chemical stress, Cellular response to glucose stimulus, Cellular response to oxidative stress, Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Detoxification of reactive oxygen species, Endothelial cell development, Epigenetic regulation of gene expression, Fat cell differentiation, Fatty acid metabolism, Fibroblast proliferation, Glutathione metabolic process, Glutathione peroxidase activity, Heart contraction, Hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, Intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress, Lewy body, Lipoxygenase pathway, Metabolism, Metabolism of lipids, Mitochondrial matrix, Mitochondrion, Myoblast differentiation, Myoblast proliferation, Negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process, Negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors, Negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus, Negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, Negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, Neuron apoptotic process, Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity, Positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase b signal transduction, Positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization, Protein binding, Regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation, Regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process, Response to estradiol, Response to folic acid, Response to gamma radiation, Response to hormone, Response to hydrogen peroxide, Response to hydroperoxide, Response to nicotine, Response to selenium ion, Response to symbiotic bacterium, Response to vitamin e, Response to xenobiotic stimulus, Sensory perception of sound, Sh3 domain binding, Skeletal muscle fiber development, Skeletal muscle tissue regeneration, Synthesis of 5-eicosatetraenoic acids, Synthesis of 12-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives, Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives, Temperature homeostasis, Triglyceride metabolic process, Uv protection, Vasodilation Gene Symbol: CTSD Pathways/Ontology: Adaptive immune system, Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via mhc class ii, Aspartic-type endopeptidase activity, Aspartic-type peptidase activity, Autophagosome assembly, Collagen-containing extracellular matrix, Collagen degradation, Cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, Degradation of the extracellular matrix, Endosome lumen, Endosome membrane, Esr-mediated signaling, Estrogen-dependent gene expression, Extracellular exosome, Extracellular matrix organization, Extracellular region, Extracellular space, Ficolin-1-rich granule lumen, Immune system, Innate immune system, Insulin catabolic process, Insulin receptor recycling, Lipoprotein catabolic process, Lysosomal lumen, Lysosomal membrane, Lysosome, Melanosome, Membrane raft, Metabolism of angiotensinogen to angiotensins, Metabolism of proteins, Mhc class ii antigen presentation, Neutrophil degranulation, Peptidase activity, Peptide hormone metabolism, Positive regulation of apoptotic process, Positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process, Protein binding, Proteolysis, Regulation of establishment of protein localization, Signaling by insulin receptor, Signaling by nuclear receptors, Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, Signal transduction, Specific granule lumen, Tertiary granule lumen Gene Symbol: FOLR2 Pathways/Ontology: Cell adhesion, Cell surface, Cellular response to folic acid, External side of plasma membrane, Extracellular region, Folic acid binding, Folic acid receptor activity, Folic acid transport, Fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization, Inflammatory response, Metabolism, Metabolism of folate and pterines, Metabolism of proteins, Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors, Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors, Monocyte chemotaxis, Plasma membrane, Positive regulation of cell population proliferation, Post-translational modification: synthesis of gpi-anchored proteins, Post-translational protein modification, Signaling receptor activity, Sperm-egg recognition Gene Symbol: C1QC Pathways/Ontology: Blood microparticle, Classical antibody-mediated complement activation, Collagen-containing extracellular matrix, Collagen trimer, Complement activation, classical pathway, Complement cascade, Complement component c1 complex, Complement component c1q complex, Creation of c4 and c2 activators, Extracellular region, Extracellular space, Immune response, Immune system, Initial triggering of complement, Innate immune response, Innate immune system, Negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation, Negative regulation of macrophage differentiation, Postsynapse, Protein binding, Regulation of complement cascade, Synapse, Synapse pruning Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E Pathways/Ontology: Cristae formation, Formation of atp by chemiosmotic coupling, Hydrolase activity, Metabolism, Mitochondrial biogenesis, Mitochondrial inner membrane, Mitochondrial matrix, Mitochondrial proton-transporting atp synthase complex, Mitochondrial proton-transporting atp synthase complex, catalytic sector f(1), Organelle biogenesis and maintenance, Protein binding, Proton-transporting atp synthase activity, rotational mechanism, Proton motive force-driven atp synthesis, Proton motive force-driven mitochondrial atp synthesis, Proton transmembrane transport, Respiratory electron transport, atp synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins., The citric acid (tca) cycle and respiratory electron transport