Details for: CL0000125

Cell ID: CL0000125

Cell Name: glial cell

Marker Score Threshold: 1100
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons.

Synonyms: neuroglial cell, neuroglia

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: CDSN (ENSG00000204539)
    Fold Change: 7.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204539
  • Gene Symbol: C9 (ENSG00000113600)
    Fold Change: 4.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113600
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 2.72
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 2.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: DST (ENSG00000151914)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151914
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: CIRBP (ENSG00000099622)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099622
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213719
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.72
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: SCARB2 (ENSG00000138760)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138760
  • Gene Symbol: CALD1 (ENSG00000122786)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122786
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: CLTA (ENSG00000122705)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122705
  • Gene Symbol: CD81 (ENSG00000110651)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110651
  • Gene Symbol: CD47 (ENSG00000196776)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196776
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: CNN3 (ENSG00000117519)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117519
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: CHD2 (ENSG00000173575)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173575
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: CLNS1A (ENSG00000074201)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000074201
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: CD9 (ENSG00000010278)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000010278
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: CDH2 (ENSG00000170558)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170558
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: CCND2 (ENSG00000118971)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000118971
  • Gene Symbol: FOXN3 (ENSG00000053254)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000053254
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: CKB (ENSG00000166165)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166165
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH1A1 (ENSG00000165092)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165092
  • Gene Symbol: CHD4 (ENSG00000111642)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111642
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: COMT (ENSG00000093010)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000093010
  • Gene Symbol: PTTG1IP (ENSG00000183255)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183255
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: CHD1 (ENSG00000153922)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153922
  • Gene Symbol: CAMK2D (ENSG00000145349)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145349
  • Gene Symbol: CCT6A (ENSG00000146731)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146731
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: CALU (ENSG00000128595)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128595
  • Gene Symbol: BCHE (ENSG00000114200)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114200
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA1 (ENSG00000116489)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116489
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGAP5 (ENSG00000100852)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100852
  • Gene Symbol: AP3S1 (ENSG00000177879)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177879
  • Gene Symbol: CDK6 (ENSG00000105810)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105810
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: CDH12 (ENSG00000154162)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154162
  • Gene Symbol: CLTC (ENSG00000141367)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141367
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: CD151 (ENSG00000177697)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177697
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
  • Gene Symbol: ASCL1 (ENSG00000139352)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000139352
  • Gene Symbol: ATM (ENSG00000149311)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149311
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: ASPH (ENSG00000198363)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198363
  • Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: C1QBP (ENSG00000108561)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108561
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: AP2M1 (ENSG00000161203)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161203
  • Gene Symbol: CLCN3 (ENSG00000109572)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109572
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** Glial cells are characterized by their ability to: 1. Provide physical support to neurons through the formation of astroglial processes and the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. 2. Regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu through the transport of ions and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. 3. Guide neuronal migration during development through the expression of specific molecules and the formation of glial-guided pathways. 4. Exchange metabolites with neurons through the formation of glial-neuronal synapses. 5. Participate in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and synaptic transmission. **Clinical Significance** Glial cells play a crucial role in various neurological disorders, including: 1. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease, where glial cells are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. 2. Stroke and traumatic brain injury, where glial cells are involved in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. 3. Infections, such as Leishmania parasites, where glial cells are involved in the immune response and the clearance of pathogens. 4. Cancer, where glial cells are involved in the development and progression of tumors. **Pathways and Ontology** Glial cells are involved in various signaling pathways, including: 1. Amyloid fibril formation 2. Cell-cell adhesion 3. Cell-cell junction 4. Cell adhesion 5. Complement activation 6. Epidermis development 7. Extracellular region 8. Keratinocyte differentiation 9. Negative regulation of cornification 10. Plasma membrane 11. Protein homodimerization activity Glial cells are also involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. Actin cytoskeleton 2. Adherens junction 3. Adherens junction assembly 4. Apical junction complex 5. Apical protein localization 6. ATP binding 7. Axon 8. Axon guidance 9. Axonogenesis 10. B-wich complex positively regulates rrna expression 11. Bbaf complex 12. Blood microparticle 13. Brahma complex 14. Brush border 15. Calyx of held 16. Cell-cell communication 17. Cell-cell junction 18. Cell-cell junction organization 19. Cell-extracellular matrix interactions 20. Cell junction organization 21. Cell motility 22. Cellular response to cytochalasin b 23. Chaperonin-mediated protein folding 24. Chromatin 25. Chromatin modifying enzymes 26. Chromatin organization 27. Chromatin remodeling 28. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis 29. Cooperation of prefoldin and tric/cct in actin and tubulin folding 30. Cortical cytoskeleton 31. Cytoplasm 32. Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule 33. Cytoskeleton 34. Cytosol 35. Dense body 36. Deubiquitination 37. Developmental biology 38. Disease 39. Diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers 40. Dna damage recognition in gg-ner 41. Dna repair 42. Eph-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells 43. Eph-ephrin signaling 44. Ephb-mediated forward signaling 45. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression 46. Establishment or maintenance of cell polarity 47. Extracellular exosome 48. Extracellular space 49. Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production 50. Fcgamma receptor (fcgr) dependent phagocytosis 51. Fcgr3a-mediated phagocytosis 52. Focal adhesion 53. Folding of actin by cct/tric 54. Formation of annular gap junctions 55. Gap junction degradation 56. Gap junction trafficking 57. Gap junction trafficking and regulation 58. Gbaf complex 59. Gene expression (transcription) 60. Global genome nucleotide excision repair (gg-ner) 61. Glutamatergic synapse 62. Hats acetylate histones 63. Hemostasis 64. Hydrolase activity 65. Identical protein binding 66. Immune system 67. Infectious disease 68. Innate immune system 69. Interaction between l1 and ankyrins 70. Kinesin binding 71. Kinetochore 72. L1cam interactions 73. Lamellipodium 74. Leishmania infection 75. Leishmania phagocytosis 76. Maintenance of blood-brain barrier 77. Map2k and mapk activation 78. Mapk1/mapk3 signaling 79. Mapk family signaling cascades 80. Membrane 81. Membrane trafficking 82. Metabolism of proteins 83. Morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium 84. Nbaf complex 85. Negative regulation of cell differentiation 86. Negative regulation of protein binding 87. Nervous system development 88. Nitric-oxide synthase binding 89. Npbaf complex 90. Nua4 histone acetyltransferase complex 91. Nuclear matrix 92. Nucleoplasm 93. Nucleosomal dna binding 94. Nucleosome 95. Nucleotide excision repair 96. Nucleus 97. Oncogenic mapk signaling 98. Paradoxical activation of raf signaling by kinase inactive braf 99. Parasite infection 100. Parasitic infection pathways 101. Plasma membrane 102. Platelet aggregation 103. Positive epigenetic regulation of rrna expression 104. Positive regulation of cell differentiation 105. Positive regulation of cell population proliferation 106. Positive regulation of dna-templated transcription 107. Positive regulation of double-strand break repair 108. Positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination 109. Positive regulation of myoblast differentiation 110. Positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake 111. Positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance 112. Positive regulation of t cell differentiation 113. Post-translational protein modification 114. Postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton 115. Postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization 116. Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to cct/tric 117. Presynapse 118. Protein-containing complex 119. Protein binding 120. Protein folding 121. Protein kinase binding 122. Protein localization to adherens junction 123. Raf/map kinase cascade 124. Recycling pathway of l1 125. Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation 126. Regulation of apoptotic process 127. Regulation of cell cycle 128. Regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity 129. Regulation of double-strand break repair 130. Regulation of g0 to g1 transition 131. Regulation of g1/s transition of mitotic cell cycle 132. Regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition 133. Regulation of norepinephrine uptake 134. Regulation of nucleotide-excision repair 135. Regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane 136. Regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis 137. Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii 138. Regulation of transepithelial transport 139. Regulation of transmembrane transporter activity 140. Rhof gtpase cycle 141. Rho gtpase cycle 142. Rho gtpase effectors 143. Rho gtpases activate formins 144. Rho gtpases activate iqgaps 145. Rho gtpases activate wasps and waves 146. Ribonucleoprotein complex 147. Rsc-type complex 148. Schaffer collateral - ca1 synapse 149. Sensory perception 150. Sensory processing of sound 151. Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea 152. Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochlea 153. Signaling by braf and raf1 fusions 154. Signaling by high-kinase activity braf mutants 155. Signaling by moderate kinase activity braf mutants 156. Signaling by raf1 mutants 157. Signaling by ras mutants 158. Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases 159. Signaling by rho gtpases 160. Signaling by rho gtpases, miro gtpases and rhobtb3 161. Signaling by vegf 162. Signaling downstream of ras mutants 163. Signal transduction 164. Structural constituent of cytoskeleton 165. Structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton 166. Substantia nigra development 167. Swi/snf complex 168. Synapse 169. Tat protein binding 170. Tau protein binding 171. Tight junction 172. Translocation of slc2a4 (glut4) to the plasma membrane 173. Uch proteinases 174. Vegfa-vegfr2 pathway 175.