Details for: CL0000138

Cell ID: CL0000138

Cell Name: chondrocyte

Marker Score Threshold: 450
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.

Synonyms: cartilage cell

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 4.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 4.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 4.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 3.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 3.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 3.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 3.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 3.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 3.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: COX4I1 (ENSG00000131143)
    Fold Change: 3.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131143
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 2.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: COX6A1 (ENSG00000111775)
    Fold Change: 2.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111775
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 2.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 2.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 2.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: COX5B (ENSG00000135940)
    Fold Change: 2.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135940
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 2.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 2.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: CIRBP (ENSG00000099622)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099622
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: RHOC (ENSG00000155366)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155366
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
  • Gene Symbol: CD59 (ENSG00000085063)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085063
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: CLK1 (ENSG00000013441)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000013441
  • Gene Symbol: CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213719
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: CALU (ENSG00000128595)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128595
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: A2M (ENSG00000175899)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175899
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: CNN3 (ENSG00000117519)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117519
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: ATOX1 (ENSG00000177556)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: KLF6 (ENSG00000067082)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067082
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: CLTA (ENSG00000122705)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122705
  • Gene Symbol: CLU (ENSG00000120885)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120885
  • Gene Symbol: TBCB (ENSG00000105254)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105254
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: AP2M1 (ENSG00000161203)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161203
  • Gene Symbol: TSPO (ENSG00000100300)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100300
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: ARL1 (ENSG00000120805)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120805
  • Gene Symbol: AP3S1 (ENSG00000177879)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177879
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA1 (ENSG00000116489)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116489
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: AP2S1 (ENSG00000042753)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000042753
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: BIRC2 (ENSG00000110330)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110330
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: PTTG1IP (ENSG00000183255)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183255
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: SERPINH1 (ENSG00000149257)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149257
  • Gene Symbol: C1QBP (ENSG00000108561)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108561
  • Gene Symbol: CD81 (ENSG00000110651)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110651
  • Gene Symbol: COPB1 (ENSG00000129083)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129083
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: CAMLG (ENSG00000164615)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164615
  • Gene Symbol: CD47 (ENSG00000196776)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196776
  • Gene Symbol: CLNS1A (ENSG00000074201)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000074201
  • Gene Symbol: CD74 (ENSG00000019582)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000019582
  • Gene Symbol: CCT6A (ENSG00000146731)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146731
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ARL3 (ENSG00000138175)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138175
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: CD9 (ENSG00000010278)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000010278
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: CDKN1A (ENSG00000124762)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124762
  • Gene Symbol: ARF6 (ENSG00000165527)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165527
  • Gene Symbol: CALD1 (ENSG00000122786)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122786
  • Gene Symbol: CAST (ENSG00000153113)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153113
  • Gene Symbol: CKS1B (ENSG00000173207)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173207
  • Gene Symbol: CLTB (ENSG00000175416)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175416
  • Gene Symbol: COL1A1 (ENSG00000108821)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108821
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Terminally differentiated cells**: Chondrocytes are fully differentiated cells that have lost their ability to divide and proliferate. 2. **Avascular matrix**: Chondrocytes are embedded in an avascular matrix, which is rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen. 3. **GAG-rich matrix**: The cartilaginous matrix produced by chondrocytes is rich in GAGs, which provide mechanical support and cushioning to joints. 4. **Retains ability to divide**: Chondrocytes retain the ability to divide and proliferate, allowing for growth and repair of cartilage tissue. 5. **Embedded in cartilage tissue matrix**: Chondrocytes are embedded in the cartilage tissue matrix, which provides mechanical support and cushioning to joints. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Osteoarthritis**: Abnormalities in chondrocyte function and matrix production can lead to various cartilage-related disorders, including osteoarthritis. 2. **Cartilage repair**: Understanding the biology of chondrocytes and their role in cartilage tissue maintenance is crucial for the development of effective cartilage repair therapies. 3. **Joint diseases**: Chondrocytes play a critical role in maintaining joint health, and abnormalities in chondrocyte function can lead to various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. 4. **Regenerative medicine**: Chondrocytes have the potential to be used as a cell therapy for cartilage repair and regeneration, offering a promising approach for the treatment of various cartilage-related disorders. **Gene Expression and Signaling Pathways** Chondrocytes express a range of genes involved in cartilage development and maintenance, including those involved in glycosaminoglycan synthesis, collagen production, and cell signaling. Key signaling pathways involved in chondrocyte function include: 1. **Wnt/β-catenin pathway**: This pathway is involved in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. 2. **Notch signaling pathway**: This pathway is involved in chondrocyte differentiation and maintenance. 3. **Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway**: This pathway is involved in chondrocyte differentiation and matrix production. Overall, chondrocytes play a critical role in maintaining cartilage tissue health, and understanding their biology and function is essential for the development of effective therapies for cartilage-related disorders.