Details for: CL0000561

Cell ID: CL0000561

Cell Name: amacrine cell

Marker Score Threshold: 3204
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: Interneuron of the vertebrate retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons.

Synonyms: amacrine neuron, AC, ACs

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: GML (ENSG00000104499)
    Fold Change: 15.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104499
  • Gene Symbol: CRHR1 (ENSG00000120088)
    Fold Change: 12.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120088
  • Gene Symbol: ALOX12 (ENSG00000108839)
    Fold Change: 10.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108839
  • Gene Symbol: MUC6 (ENSG00000184956)
    Fold Change: 10.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184956
  • Gene Symbol: OMD (ENSG00000127083)
    Fold Change: 10.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127083
  • Gene Symbol: GSTT2 (ENSG00000099984)
    Fold Change: 10.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099984
  • Gene Symbol: DRD3 (ENSG00000151577)
    Fold Change: 9.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151577
  • Gene Symbol: C6 (ENSG00000039537)
    Fold Change: 9.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000039537
  • Gene Symbol: CLCN1 (ENSG00000188037)
    Fold Change: 9.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188037
  • Gene Symbol: MUSK (ENSG00000030304)
    Fold Change: 9.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000030304
  • Gene Symbol: DIO1 (ENSG00000211452)
    Fold Change: 9.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000211452
  • Gene Symbol: CR1L (ENSG00000197721)
    Fold Change: 9.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197721
  • Gene Symbol: ACADL (ENSG00000115361)
    Fold Change: 9.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115361
  • Gene Symbol: NODAL (ENSG00000156574)
    Fold Change: 9.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156574
  • Gene Symbol: CDK3 (ENSG00000250506)
    Fold Change: 9.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000250506
  • Gene Symbol: CA1 (ENSG00000133742)
    Fold Change: 9.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133742
  • Gene Symbol: PSG11 (ENSG00000243130)
    Fold Change: 9.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000243130
  • Gene Symbol: PTPRCAP (ENSG00000213402)
    Fold Change: 9.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213402
  • Gene Symbol: PSG9 (ENSG00000183668)
    Fold Change: 9.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183668
  • Gene Symbol: MEOX1 (ENSG00000005102)
    Fold Change: 8.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005102
  • Gene Symbol: RAG2 (ENSG00000175097)
    Fold Change: 8.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175097
  • Gene Symbol: C4BPA (ENSG00000123838)
    Fold Change: 8.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123838
  • Gene Symbol: GUCY2C (ENSG00000070019)
    Fold Change: 8.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070019
  • Gene Symbol: SLC26A3 (ENSG00000091138)
    Fold Change: 8.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000091138
  • Gene Symbol: PLG (ENSG00000122194)
    Fold Change: 8.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122194
  • Gene Symbol: SLC10A1 (ENSG00000100652)
    Fold Change: 8.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100652
  • Gene Symbol: KLRB1 (ENSG00000111796)
    Fold Change: 7.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111796
  • Gene Symbol: SCN10A (ENSG00000185313)
    Fold Change: 7.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185313
  • Gene Symbol: BMX (ENSG00000102010)
    Fold Change: 7.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102010
  • Gene Symbol: CNGA4 (ENSG00000132259)
    Fold Change: 7.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132259
  • Gene Symbol: CYP2C19 (ENSG00000165841)
    Fold Change: 6.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165841
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA13 (ENSG00000104537)
    Fold Change: 6.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104537
  • Gene Symbol: LECT2 (ENSG00000145826)
    Fold Change: 6.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145826
  • Gene Symbol: PSG1 (ENSG00000231924)
    Fold Change: 6.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000231924
  • Gene Symbol: BNC1 (ENSG00000169594)
    Fold Change: 5.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169594
  • Gene Symbol: PSG6 (ENSG00000170848)
    Fold Change: 5.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170848
  • Gene Symbol: SIM2 (ENSG00000159263)
    Fold Change: 5.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159263
  • Gene Symbol: PSG4 (ENSG00000243137)
    Fold Change: 5.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000243137
  • Gene Symbol: FPR3 (ENSG00000187474)
    Fold Change: 5.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187474
  • Gene Symbol: PSG2 (ENSG00000242221)
    Fold Change: 5.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000242221
  • Gene Symbol: DPP4 (ENSG00000197635)
    Fold Change: 4.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197635
  • Gene Symbol: CPN1 (ENSG00000120054)
    Fold Change: 4.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120054
  • Gene Symbol: ADRA1B (ENSG00000170214)
    Fold Change: 4.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170214
  • Gene Symbol: SIGLEC1 (ENSG00000088827)
    Fold Change: 4.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000088827
  • Gene Symbol: PSG5 (ENSG00000204941)
    Fold Change: 4.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204941
  • Gene Symbol: CYP3A4 (ENSG00000160868)
    Fold Change: 3.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160868
  • Gene Symbol: C4BPB (ENSG00000123843)
    Fold Change: 3.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123843
  • Gene Symbol: CBLIF (ENSG00000134812)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134812
  • Gene Symbol: PSG3 (ENSG00000221826)
    Fold Change: 3.72
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000221826
  • Gene Symbol: CR2 (ENSG00000117322)
    Fold Change: 3.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117322
  • Gene Symbol: HCK (ENSG00000101336)
    Fold Change: 3.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101336
  • Gene Symbol: GATA1 (ENSG00000102145)
    Fold Change: 3.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102145
  • Gene Symbol: CRHBP (ENSG00000145708)
    Fold Change: 3.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145708
  • Gene Symbol: SELP (ENSG00000174175)
    Fold Change: 3.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174175
  • Gene Symbol: CXCR5 (ENSG00000160683)
    Fold Change: 3.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160683
  • Gene Symbol: PPP1R3A (ENSG00000154415)
    Fold Change: 3.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154415
  • Gene Symbol: SERPINB2 (ENSG00000197632)
    Fold Change: 3.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197632
  • Gene Symbol: LPA (ENSG00000198670)
    Fold Change: 2.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198670
  • Gene Symbol: OAS2 (ENSG00000111335)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111335
  • Gene Symbol: PRB1 (ENSG00000251655)
    Fold Change: 2.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000251655
  • Gene Symbol: CD38 (ENSG00000004468)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004468
  • Gene Symbol: REN (ENSG00000143839)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143839
  • Gene Symbol: CSF1R (ENSG00000182578)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182578
  • Gene Symbol: HCRTR1 (ENSG00000121764)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121764
  • Gene Symbol: COX1 (ENSG00000198804)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198804
  • Gene Symbol: ND4 (ENSG00000198886)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198886
  • Gene Symbol: COX3 (ENSG00000198938)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198938
  • Gene Symbol: COX2 (ENSG00000198712)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198712
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6 (ENSG00000198899)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198899
  • Gene Symbol: ND1 (ENSG00000198888)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198888
  • Gene Symbol: ND2 (ENSG00000198763)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198763
  • Gene Symbol: CYTB (ENSG00000198727)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198727
  • Gene Symbol: ND3 (ENSG00000198840)
    Fold Change: 1.92
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198840
  • Gene Symbol: ND5 (ENSG00000198786)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198786
  • Gene Symbol: FCGR3A (ENSG00000203747)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000203747
  • Gene Symbol: PRICKLE3 (ENSG00000012211)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000012211
  • Gene Symbol: AQP9 (ENSG00000103569)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000103569
  • Gene Symbol: NTS (ENSG00000133636)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133636
  • Gene Symbol: PGC (ENSG00000096088)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000096088
  • Gene Symbol: PLGLB2 (ENSG00000125551)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000125551
  • Gene Symbol: CDH17 (ENSG00000079112)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000079112
  • Gene Symbol: CD53 (ENSG00000143119)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143119
  • Gene Symbol: ND4L (ENSG00000212907)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000212907
  • Gene Symbol: ART1 (ENSG00000129744)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129744
  • Gene Symbol: CD8B (ENSG00000172116)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172116
  • Gene Symbol: AOC1 (ENSG00000002726)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000002726
  • Gene Symbol: PRODH (ENSG00000100033)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100033
  • Gene Symbol: RPL10 (ENSG00000147403)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147403
  • Gene Symbol: RPS18 (ENSG00000231500)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000231500
  • Gene Symbol: RPS19 (ENSG00000105372)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105372
  • Gene Symbol: RPS25 (ENSG00000118181)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000118181
  • Gene Symbol: RPS9 (ENSG00000170889)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170889
  • Gene Symbol: HSD17B3 (ENSG00000130948)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130948
  • Gene Symbol: LIPC (ENSG00000166035)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166035
  • Gene Symbol: RPL7A (ENSG00000148303)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148303
  • Gene Symbol: SELE (ENSG00000007908)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000007908
  • Gene Symbol: CD80 (ENSG00000121594)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121594
  • Gene Symbol: CHI3L2 (ENSG00000064886)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000064886
  • Gene Symbol: DBH (ENSG00000123454)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123454
  • Gene Symbol: PKLR (ENSG00000143627)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143627
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Location and Function**: Amacrine cells are located in the inner nuclear layer of the retina and are involved in the processing of visual information. 2. **Gene Expression**: Amacrine cells express a range of genes involved in signal transduction, cellular responses to stimuli, and regulation of cellular processes, including CRHR1, ALOX12, MUC6, OMD, GSTT2, DRD3, C6, CLCN1, and MUSK. 3. **Lack of Large Axons**: Amacrine cells do not have large axons, which distinguishes them from other retinal neurons. 4. **Synaptic Connection**: Amacrine cells synapse with retinal ganglion cells in the inner plexiform layer. 5. **Regulation of Visual Processing**: Amacrine cells play a crucial role in regulating visual processing by integrating and modulating the visual message presented to retinal ganglion cells. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Visual Impairment**: Amacrine cells are involved in the processing of visual information, and dysfunction or damage to these cells can lead to visual impairment. 2. **Retinal Diseases**: Amacrine cells are affected in various retinal diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. 3. **Neurological Disorders**: Amacrine cells are also affected in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, which can lead to visual symptoms. 4. **Gene Therapy**: Understanding the function and regulation of amacrine cells can lead to the development of gene therapy for retinal diseases and neurological disorders. 5. **Neuroprotection**: Amacrine cells have been shown to have neuroprotective properties, and understanding their function and regulation can lead to the development of neuroprotective therapies for retinal diseases and neurological disorders. In conclusion, the amacrine cell is a complex interneuron that plays a crucial role in the processing of visual information in the retina. Understanding the function and regulation of these cells can lead to the development of new treatments for retinal diseases and neurological disorders, and can also provide insights into the mechanisms of visual processing.