CL0000598 - pyramidal neuron details

Details for: CL0000598

Cell ID: CL0000598

Cell Name: pyramidal neuron

Marker Score Threshold: 1679
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: Pyramidal neurons have a pyramid-shaped soma with a single axon, a large apical dendrite and multiple basal dendrites. The apex and an apical dendrite typically point toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their region. Pyramidal neurons are found in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala.

Synonyms: projection neuron, pyramidal cell

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

Gene Symbol: ADGRB3 (ENSG00000135298)
Fold Change: 3.15
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135298
Gene Symbol: ANK3 (ENSG00000151150)
Fold Change: 3.02
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151150
Gene Symbol: ANK2 (ENSG00000145362)
Fold Change: 3.01
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145362
Gene Symbol: CACNA1B (ENSG00000148408)
Fold Change: 2.96
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148408
Gene Symbol: ASIC2 (ENSG00000108684)
Fold Change: 2.95
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108684
Gene Symbol: CACNB2 (ENSG00000165995)
Fold Change: 2.89
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165995
Gene Symbol: CACNA1E (ENSG00000198216)
Fold Change: 2.76
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198216
Gene Symbol: CACNA2D1 (ENSG00000153956)
Fold Change: 2.72
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153956
Gene Symbol: CACNA1C (ENSG00000151067)
Fold Change: 2.71
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151067
Gene Symbol: DST (ENSG00000151914)
Fold Change: 2.71
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151914
Gene Symbol: CACNA1A (ENSG00000141837)
Fold Change: 2.67
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141837
Gene Symbol: CAMK2A (ENSG00000070808)
Fold Change: 2.65
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070808
Gene Symbol: CAMK2B (ENSG00000058404)
Fold Change: 2.53
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000058404
Gene Symbol: CHN1 (ENSG00000128656)
Fold Change: 2.51
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128656
Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
Fold Change: 2.51
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
Fold Change: 2.51
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
Gene Symbol: LDLRAD4 (ENSG00000168675)
Fold Change: 2.37
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168675
Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
Fold Change: 2.37
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
Gene Symbol: ADCY2 (ENSG00000078295)
Fold Change: 2.35
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078295
Gene Symbol: ASTN1 (ENSG00000152092)
Fold Change: 2.21
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152092
Gene Symbol: CDH8 (ENSG00000150394)
Fold Change: 2.21
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000150394
Gene Symbol: ATP2B2 (ENSG00000157087)
Fold Change: 2.21
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157087
Gene Symbol: APBB2 (ENSG00000163697)
Fold Change: 2.2
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163697
Gene Symbol: BICD1 (ENSG00000151746)
Fold Change: 2.2
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151746
Gene Symbol: CDH18 (ENSG00000145526)
Fold Change: 2.19
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145526
Gene Symbol: APBA2 (ENSG00000034053)
Fold Change: 2.16
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000034053
Gene Symbol: BRAF (ENSG00000157764)
Fold Change: 2.14
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157764
Gene Symbol: GRK3 (ENSG00000100077)
Fold Change: 2.12
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100077
Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
Fold Change: 2.11
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
Gene Symbol: CACNA1D (ENSG00000157388)
Fold Change: 2.07
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157388
Gene Symbol: CAMK4 (ENSG00000152495)
Fold Change: 2.04
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152495
Gene Symbol: CCNH (ENSG00000134480)
Fold Change: 2.03
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134480
Gene Symbol: ABR (ENSG00000159842)
Fold Change: 2.01
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159842
Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
Fold Change: 1.96
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
Gene Symbol: ATP1B1 (ENSG00000143153)
Fold Change: 1.94
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143153
Gene Symbol: ADD2 (ENSG00000075340)
Fold Change: 1.92
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075340
Gene Symbol: ACACA (ENSG00000278540)
Fold Change: 1.91
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000278540
Gene Symbol: CDH12 (ENSG00000154162)
Fold Change: 1.89
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154162
Gene Symbol: APBA1 (ENSG00000107282)
Fold Change: 1.83
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107282
Gene Symbol: RUNX1T1 (ENSG00000079102)
Fold Change: 1.81
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000079102
Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
Fold Change: 1.79
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
Gene Symbol: ATP6V0A1 (ENSG00000033627)
Fold Change: 1.78
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033627
Gene Symbol: BMPR2 (ENSG00000204217)
Fold Change: 1.76
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204217
Gene Symbol: ACYP2 (ENSG00000170634)
Fold Change: 1.72
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170634
Gene Symbol: ADCY9 (ENSG00000162104)
Fold Change: 1.69
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162104
Gene Symbol: CDH11 (ENSG00000140937)
Fold Change: 1.66
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140937
Gene Symbol: CDH10 (ENSG00000040731)
Fold Change: 1.63
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000040731
Gene Symbol: LRBA (ENSG00000198589)
Fold Change: 1.62
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198589
Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
Fold Change: 1.61
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
Gene Symbol: CDH2 (ENSG00000170558)
Fold Change: 1.6
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170558
Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
Fold Change: 1.6
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
Gene Symbol: ATP2A2 (ENSG00000174437)
Fold Change: 1.6
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174437
Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
Fold Change: 1.59
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
Gene Symbol: CAMK2D (ENSG00000145349)
Fold Change: 1.59
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145349
Gene Symbol: ACTN1 (ENSG00000072110)
Fold Change: 1.57
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072110
Gene Symbol: KIF1A (ENSG00000130294)
Fold Change: 1.56
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130294
Gene Symbol: ATP2B4 (ENSG00000058668)
Fold Change: 1.54
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000058668
Gene Symbol: CHKA (ENSG00000110721)
Fold Change: 1.5
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110721
Gene Symbol: AP2B1 (ENSG00000006125)
Fold Change: 1.45
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000006125
Gene Symbol: ABCA3 (ENSG00000167972)
Fold Change: 1.45
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167972
Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
Fold Change: 1.44
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
Gene Symbol: AMPH (ENSG00000078053)
Fold Change: 1.43
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078053
Gene Symbol: CDC27 (ENSG00000004897)
Fold Change: 1.43
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004897
Gene Symbol: BMPR1A (ENSG00000107779)
Fold Change: 1.42
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107779
Gene Symbol: CDH4 (ENSG00000179242)
Fold Change: 1.41
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179242
Gene Symbol: BDNF (ENSG00000176697)
Fold Change: 1.4
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000176697
Gene Symbol: ADGRB2 (ENSG00000121753)
Fold Change: 1.39
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121753
Gene Symbol: BIN1 (ENSG00000136717)
Fold Change: 1.38
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136717
Gene Symbol: ATR (ENSG00000175054)
Fold Change: 1.32
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175054
Gene Symbol: ABCA2 (ENSG00000107331)
Fold Change: 1.3
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107331
Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
Fold Change: 1.3
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
Gene Symbol: CDR2 (ENSG00000140743)
Fold Change: 1.3
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140743
Gene Symbol: ADCY8 (ENSG00000155897)
Fold Change: 1.29
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155897
Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
Fold Change: 1.28
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
Gene Symbol: ADCY1 (ENSG00000164742)
Fold Change: 1.27
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164742
Gene Symbol: MPPED1 (ENSG00000186732)
Fold Change: 1.27
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000186732
Gene Symbol: ATP6V1A (ENSG00000114573)
Fold Change: 1.26
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114573
Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
Fold Change: 1.25
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
Gene Symbol: ABL2 (ENSG00000143322)
Fold Change: 1.24
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143322
Gene Symbol: CDK6 (ENSG00000105810)
Fold Change: 1.23
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105810
Gene Symbol: FOXN3 (ENSG00000053254)
Fold Change: 1.21
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000053254
Gene Symbol: ALCAM (ENSG00000170017)
Fold Change: 1.21
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170017
Gene Symbol: CHD2 (ENSG00000173575)
Fold Change: 1.17
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173575
Gene Symbol: BCL2 (ENSG00000171791)
Fold Change: 1.16
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171791
Gene Symbol: AP2A2 (ENSG00000183020)
Fold Change: 1.12
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183020
Gene Symbol: BCKDHB (ENSG00000083123)
Fold Change: 1.11
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000083123
Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
Fold Change: 1.11
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
Gene Symbol: BCR (ENSG00000186716)
Fold Change: 1.1
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000186716
Gene Symbol: ADGRB1 (ENSG00000181790)
Fold Change: 1.09
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000181790
Gene Symbol: APC (ENSG00000134982)
Fold Change: 1.09
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134982
Gene Symbol: MPPED2 (ENSG00000066382)
Fold Change: 1.09
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000066382
Gene Symbol: ABL1 (ENSG00000097007)
Fold Change: 1.08
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000097007
Gene Symbol: CALD1 (ENSG00000122786)
Fold Change: 1.08
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122786
Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
Fold Change: 1.05
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
Gene Symbol: BCL6 (ENSG00000113916)
Fold Change: 1.04
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113916
Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
Fold Change: 1.03
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
Gene Symbol: CDK8 (ENSG00000132964)
Fold Change: 1.03
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132964
Gene Symbol: AUH (ENSG00000148090)
Fold Change: 1.03
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148090
Gene Symbol: CBLB (ENSG00000114423)
Fold Change: 1.02
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114423
Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
Fold Change: 1.02
Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765

Gene representation (1966)
Gene/Pathway representation (1966)

Hovered Details

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hovered Details

Hover over a box to see details here...

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Pyramid-shaped soma**: The cell body of the pyramidal neuron has a characteristic pyramid shape, with the apex pointing towards the pial surface. 2. **Single axon**: Pyramidal neurons have a single axon that emerges from the base of the cell body. 3. **Multiple basal dendrites**: The cell has multiple basal dendrites that receive synaptic inputs from other neurons. 4. **Apical dendrite**: The apical dendrite is a large, branching dendrite that extends towards the pial surface. 5. **Axon collaterals**: The axon may have local collaterals that branch off to other parts of the brain. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Neurological disorders**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. 2. **Cognitive function**: The pyramidal neurons are essential for cognitive function, including attention, memory, and learning. 3. **Motor function**: The pyramidal neurons play a crucial role in motor function, including movement and coordination. 4. **Sensory processing**: Pyramidal neurons are also involved in sensory processing, including pain perception and sensory perception of sound and sour taste. 5. **Neuroplasticity**: Pyramidal neurons have the ability to reorganize and adapt in response to injury or disease, which is essential for recovery and rehabilitation. **Gene Function** 1. **ADGRB3**: The ADGRB3 gene encodes for the adrenergic receptor beta-3, which is involved in signaling pathways and protein localization. 2. **ANK3**: The ANK3 gene encodes for the ankyrin-3 protein, which is involved in protein binding, protein localization, and membrane trafficking. 3. **ANK2**: The ANK2 gene encodes for the ankyrin-2 protein, which is involved in protein binding, protein localization, and membrane trafficking. **Pathways/Ontology** 1. **Adenylate cyclase-activating g protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway**: This pathway is involved in various cellular processes, including signaling and protein localization. 2. **Cell surface receptor signaling pathway**: This pathway is involved in signal transduction and protein localization. 3. **Cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse**: This pathway is involved in motor coordination and learning. 4. **G protein-coupled receptor activity**: This pathway is involved in signaling and protein localization. 5. **Gtpase activator activity**: This pathway is involved in protein localization and membrane trafficking. **Regulation** 1. **Negative regulation of angiogenesis**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. 2. **Positive regulation of synapse assembly**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of synapse assembly, which is the formation of new synapses between neurons. 3. **Regulation of dendrite morphogenesis**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of dendrite morphogenesis, which is the formation and development of dendrites. 4. **Regulation of synapse maturation**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of synapse maturation, which is the maturation of existing synapses. 5. **Regulation of synapse pruning**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of synapse pruning, which is the elimination of unnecessary synapses. **Synaptic Cleft** 1. **Synaptic cleft**: The synaptic cleft is the small gap between two neurons where chemical signals are transmitted. 2. **Postsynaptic density membrane**: The postsynaptic density membrane is a specialized membrane at the postsynaptic neuron that receives synaptic inputs. 3. **Protein binding**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein binding, which is the interaction between proteins and other molecules. 4. **Regulation of membrane potential**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of membrane potential, which is the electrical potential of the neuron. 5. **Regulation of synapse assembly**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of synapse assembly, which is the formation of new synapses between neurons. **Protein Localization** 1. **Protein localization to axon**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein localization to the axon, which is the transport of proteins to the axon. 2. **Protein localization to plasma membrane**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein localization to the plasma membrane, which is the transport of proteins to the plasma membrane. 3. **Protein localization to synapse**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein localization to the synapse, which is the transport of proteins to the synapse. 4. **Protein stabilization**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein stabilization, which is the maintenance of protein stability. 5. **Protein transport**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein transport, which is the movement of proteins within the cell. **Regulation of Calcium Ion Transport** 1. **Calcium ion import**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in calcium ion import, which is the transport of calcium ions into the neuron. 2. **Calcium ion transmembrane transport**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in calcium ion transmembrane transport, which is the transport of calcium ions across the plasma membrane. 3. **Regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity, which is the regulation of calcium ion transport across the plasma membrane. 4. **Regulation of calcium ion transport**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of calcium ion transport, which is the transport of calcium ions within the neuron. 5. **Regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction, which is the contraction of cardiac muscle cells. **Regulation of Gene Expression** 1. **Positive regulation of gene expression**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the positive regulation of gene expression, which is the increase in gene expression. 2. **Regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion, which is the adhesion between identical cells. 3. **Regulation of membrane potential**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of membrane potential, which is the electrical potential of the neuron. 4. **Regulation of protein targeting to membrane**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of protein targeting to membrane, which is the transport of proteins to the plasma membrane. 5. **Regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity, which is the regulation of sodium ion transport across the plasma membrane. **Regulation of Protein Stability** 1. **Protein stabilization**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein stabilization, which is the maintenance of protein stability. 2. **Regulation of protein stability**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of protein stability, which is the regulation of protein stability. 3. **Regulation of protein degradation**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of protein degradation, which is the breakdown of proteins. 4. **Regulation of protein synthesis**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis, which is the production of new proteins. 5. **Regulation of protein trafficking**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of protein trafficking, which is the transport of proteins within the cell. **Regulation of Protein Localization** 1. **Protein binding**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein binding, which is the interaction between proteins and other molecules. 2. **Protein localization to axon**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein localization to the axon, which is the transport of proteins to the axon. 3. **Protein localization to plasma membrane**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein localization to the plasma membrane, which is the transport of proteins to the plasma membrane. 4. **Protein localization to synapse**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein localization to the synapse, which is the transport of proteins to the synapse. 5. **Protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in protein localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the transport of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. **Regulation of Membrane Organization** 1. **Membrane assembly**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in membrane assembly, which is the formation of new membranes. 2. **Membrane trafficking**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in membrane trafficking, which is the transport of membranes within the cell. 3. **Membrane organization**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in membrane organization, which is the maintenance of membrane structure. 4. **Regulation of membrane potential**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of membrane potential, which is the electrical potential of the neuron. 5. **Regulation of synaptic cleft**: Pyramidal neurons are involved in the regulation of synaptic cleft, which is the small gap between two neurons where chemical signals are transmitted. **Regulation of Gene Expression** 1. **Positive

Disclaimer: This summary is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.