Details for: CL0000604

Cell ID: CL0000604

Cell Name: retinal rod cell

Marker Score Threshold: 2853
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.

Synonyms: rod

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: CKB (ENSG00000166165)
    Fold Change: 4.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166165
  • Gene Symbol: CIRBP (ENSG00000099622)
    Fold Change: 3.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099622
  • Gene Symbol: CDK3 (ENSG00000250506)
    Fold Change: 3.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000250506
  • Gene Symbol: ALOX12 (ENSG00000108839)
    Fold Change: 3.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108839
  • Gene Symbol: RUNX2 (ENSG00000124813)
    Fold Change: 3.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124813
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOC (ENSG00000109107)
    Fold Change: 3.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109107
  • Gene Symbol: BMX (ENSG00000102010)
    Fold Change: 3.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102010
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 3.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 3.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: ARG1 (ENSG00000118520)
    Fold Change: 3.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000118520
  • Gene Symbol: ARL3 (ENSG00000138175)
    Fold Change: 3.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138175
  • Gene Symbol: CAV3 (ENSG00000182533)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182533
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 2.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 2.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 2.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY8 (ENSG00000155897)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155897
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: CFTR (ENSG00000001626)
    Fold Change: 2.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000001626
  • Gene Symbol: ARL4D (ENSG00000175906)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175906
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 2.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: CA1 (ENSG00000133742)
    Fold Change: 2.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133742
  • Gene Symbol: ATP12A (ENSG00000075673)
    Fold Change: 2.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075673
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH1A1 (ENSG00000165092)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165092
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: CHRNA7 (ENSG00000175344)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175344
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 2.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 2.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 2.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: ASIP (ENSG00000101440)
    Fold Change: 2.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101440
  • Gene Symbol: ANK2 (ENSG00000145362)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145362
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: C6 (ENSG00000039537)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000039537
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: CD47 (ENSG00000196776)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196776
  • Gene Symbol: CXCR5 (ENSG00000160683)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160683
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: ACADL (ENSG00000115361)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115361
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B2 (ENSG00000129244)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129244
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA4 (ENSG00000198691)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198691
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A3 (ENSG00000105409)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105409
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: BAG1 (ENSG00000107262)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107262
  • Gene Symbol: ASPH (ENSG00000198363)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198363
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1B2 (ENSG00000147416)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147416
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A4 (ENSG00000151729)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151729
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: C1QBP (ENSG00000108561)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108561
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: TBCB (ENSG00000105254)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105254
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: AOAH (ENSG00000136250)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136250
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: CACNG1 (ENSG00000108878)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108878
  • Gene Symbol: CCT6A (ENSG00000146731)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146731
  • Gene Symbol: CAMLG (ENSG00000164615)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164615
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0A1 (ENSG00000033627)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033627
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1E1 (ENSG00000131100)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131100
  • Gene Symbol: KIF1A (ENSG00000130294)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130294
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: SCARB2 (ENSG00000138760)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138760
  • Gene Symbol: CD59 (ENSG00000085063)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085063
  • Gene Symbol: BIN1 (ENSG00000136717)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136717
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGAP5 (ENSG00000100852)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100852
  • Gene Symbol: CDC25C (ENSG00000158402)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000158402
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM50B (ENSG00000142188)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142188
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: APLP1 (ENSG00000105290)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105290
  • Gene Symbol: CHRM5 (ENSG00000184984)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184984
  • Gene Symbol: CDH2 (ENSG00000170558)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170558
  • Gene Symbol: XIAP (ENSG00000101966)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101966
  • Gene Symbol: BAD (ENSG00000002330)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000002330
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA6 (ENSG00000197043)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197043
  • Gene Symbol: ADRA1A (ENSG00000120907)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120907
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Photoreception**: Rod cells contain photopigments in stacks of membranous disks, which are sensitive to light and enable the detection of low levels of light. 2. **Membrane Structure**: The outer cell membrane is separated from the photopigment-containing stacks, allowing for efficient light detection. 3. **Gene Expression**: The genes associated with this cell type include CKB, CIRBP, CDK3, ALOX12, RUNX2, ALDOC, BMX, ATP5ME, and ATP5F1E, which are involved in various cellular processes such as metabolism, cell signaling, and protein binding. 4. **Metabolic Pathways**: Rod cells are involved in various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism. 5. **Cell Signaling**: The cell is involved in cell signaling pathways, including the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the adaptive immune response. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Visual Impairment**: Dysfunction or degeneration of retinal rod cells can lead to visual impairment, including night blindness and reduced visual acuity. 2. **Retinal Diseases**: Rod cell degeneration is associated with various retinal diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. 3. **Genetic Disorders**: Mutations in genes associated with this cell type, such as CKB and RUNX2, can lead to genetic disorders, including Leber's congenital amaurosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. 4. **Cancer Research**: The study of retinal rod cells and their associated genes can provide insights into cancer research, particularly in the context of metastasis and tumor growth. In conclusion, the retinal rod cell is a unique cell type with distinct characteristics and gene expression profiles. Understanding the biology of this cell type can provide insights into various diseases and disorders, including visual impairment, retinal diseases, and genetic disorders.