Details for: CL0000695

Cell ID: CL0000695

Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell

Marker Score Threshold: 518
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A neuron of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.

Synonyms: CR cells, Horizontal cells of Cajal

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: OR4F3 (ENSG00000230178)
    Fold Change: 15.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000230178
  • Gene Symbol: IGKV2 19 (ENSG00000253732)
    Fold Change: 12.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000253732
  • Gene Symbol: IGKV2D 19 (ENSG00000253765)
    Fold Change: 5.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000253765
  • Gene Symbol: PRR23D2 (ENSG00000255378)
    Fold Change: 4.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000255378
  • Gene Symbol: LOC100506489 (ENSG00000240973)
    Fold Change: 4.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000240973
  • Gene Symbol: LINC01696 (ENSG00000227940)
    Fold Change: 4.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000227940
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02239 (ENSG00000248908)
    Fold Change: 3.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000248908
  • Gene Symbol: LINC00533 (ENSG00000235570)
    Fold Change: 3.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000235570
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02459 (ENSG00000257476)
    Fold Change: 3.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000257476
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02423 (ENSG00000256750)
    Fold Change: 3.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000256750
  • Gene Symbol: LINC01657 (ENSG00000224718)
    Fold Change: 3.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000224718
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02411 (ENSG00000256022)
    Fold Change: 2.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000256022
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02907 (ENSG00000178243)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000178243
  • Gene Symbol: MRGPRG AS1 (ENSG00000236301)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000236301
  • Gene Symbol: PRAMEF10 (ENSG00000187545)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187545
  • Gene Symbol: OR6V1 (ENSG00000225781)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000225781
  • Gene Symbol: CENPVL1 (ENSG00000223591)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000223591
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02297 (ENSG00000257504)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000257504
  • Gene Symbol: MBD3L3 (ENSG00000182315)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182315
  • Gene Symbol: LINC00424 (ENSG00000226722)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000226722
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02305 (ENSG00000258532)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000258532
  • Gene Symbol: LINC01745 (ENSG00000225919)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000225919
  • Gene Symbol: MAGEA9 (ENSG00000123584)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123584
  • Gene Symbol: OR5F1 (ENSG00000149133)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149133
  • Gene Symbol: OR5K3 (ENSG00000206536)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000206536
  • Gene Symbol: GAGE12H (ENSG00000224902)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000224902
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02171 (ENSG00000250632)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000250632
  • Gene Symbol: USP17L22 (ENSG00000248933)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000248933
  • Gene Symbol: LINC00561 (ENSG00000261206)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000261206
  • Gene Symbol: LINC00564 (ENSG00000260094)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000260094
  • Gene Symbol: LINC01656 (ENSG00000232655)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000232655
  • Gene Symbol: C21orf140 (ENSG00000222018)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000222018
  • Gene Symbol: LOC104613533 (ENSG00000259170)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000259170
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02727 (ENSG00000254823)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000254823
  • Gene Symbol: LINC02722 (ENSG00000255169)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000255169
  • Gene Symbol: LOC107987032 (ENSG00000236507)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000236507
  • Gene Symbol: CYMP AS1 (ENSG00000235407)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000235407
  • Gene Symbol: MALAT1 (ENSG00000251562)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000251562
  • Gene Symbol: OR4C46 (ENSG00000185926)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185926
  • Gene Symbol: TRAV9 1 (ENSG00000211783)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000211783
  • Gene Symbol: LINC00307 (ENSG00000227342)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000227342
  • Gene Symbol: OR2A2 (ENSG00000221989)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000221989
  • Gene Symbol: LINC01005 (ENSG00000228564)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000228564
  • Gene Symbol: LINC01043 (ENSG00000260343)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000260343
  • Gene Symbol: RPL13 (ENSG00000167526)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167526
  • Gene Symbol: RPLP1 (ENSG00000137818)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137818
  • Gene Symbol: PRY (ENSG00000169789)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169789
  • Gene Symbol: LCE1D (ENSG00000172155)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172155
  • Gene Symbol: GPR50 AS1 (ENSG00000234696)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000234696
  • Gene Symbol: LINC01824 (ENSG00000226488)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000226488
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: RPL11 (ENSG00000142676)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142676
  • Gene Symbol: RPS8 (ENSG00000142937)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142937
  • Gene Symbol: RPL34 (ENSG00000109475)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109475
  • Gene Symbol: TPT1 (ENSG00000133112)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133112
  • Gene Symbol: RPS6 (ENSG00000137154)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137154
  • Gene Symbol: RPL30 (ENSG00000156482)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156482
  • Gene Symbol: RPS27A (ENSG00000143947)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143947
  • Gene Symbol: RPL32 (ENSG00000144713)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000144713
  • Gene Symbol: RPS3 (ENSG00000149273)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149273
  • Gene Symbol: RPS24 (ENSG00000138326)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138326
  • Gene Symbol: RPL37A (ENSG00000197756)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197756
  • Gene Symbol: RPL13A (ENSG00000142541)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142541
  • Gene Symbol: RPL19 (ENSG00000108298)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108298
  • Gene Symbol: RPL28 (ENSG00000108107)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108107
  • Gene Symbol: RPL8 (ENSG00000161016)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161016
  • Gene Symbol: RPS12 (ENSG00000112306)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112306
  • Gene Symbol: RPL18 (ENSG00000063177)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000063177
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: EEF1A1 (ENSG00000156508)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156508
  • Gene Symbol: RPLP2 (ENSG00000177600)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177600
  • Gene Symbol: RPS14 (ENSG00000164587)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164587
  • Gene Symbol: RPS27 (ENSG00000177954)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177954
  • Gene Symbol: EIF1 (ENSG00000173812)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173812
  • Gene Symbol: FTH1 (ENSG00000167996)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167996
  • Gene Symbol: FTL (ENSG00000087086)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087086
  • Gene Symbol: PTMA (ENSG00000187514)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187514
  • Gene Symbol: RPS15 (ENSG00000115268)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115268
  • Gene Symbol: RPL3 (ENSG00000100316)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100316
  • Gene Symbol: RPL35A (ENSG00000182899)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182899
  • Gene Symbol: RPS2 (ENSG00000140988)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140988
  • Gene Symbol: RPS28 (ENSG00000233927)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000233927
  • Gene Symbol: RPS23 (ENSG00000186468)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000186468
  • Gene Symbol: RPS4X (ENSG00000198034)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198034
  • Gene Symbol: RPL37 (ENSG00000145592)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145592
  • Gene Symbol: RPL41 (ENSG00000229117)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000229117
  • Gene Symbol: RPL5 (ENSG00000122406)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122406
  • Gene Symbol: CLDN17 (ENSG00000156282)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156282
  • Gene Symbol: H3 3B (ENSG00000132475)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132475
  • Gene Symbol: RPL27A (ENSG00000166441)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166441
  • Gene Symbol: RPS29 (ENSG00000213741)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213741
  • Gene Symbol: RPL15 (ENSG00000174748)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174748
  • Gene Symbol: RPS11 (ENSG00000142534)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142534
  • Gene Symbol: RPL36 (ENSG00000130255)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130255
  • Gene Symbol: RPL35 (ENSG00000136942)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136942
  • Gene Symbol: RPL21 (ENSG00000122026)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122026
  • Gene Symbol: TMSB4X (ENSG00000205542)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000205542
  • Gene Symbol: RPL10 (ENSG00000147403)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147403
  • Gene Symbol: RPS16 (ENSG00000105193)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105193
  • Gene Symbol: RPL12 (ENSG00000197958)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197958

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in Cajal-Retzius cell cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in Cajal-Retzius cell cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.
**Key Characteristics** * **Radial Ascending Processes**: CR cells exhibit long, thin, radial processes that extend from the cell body to the pial surface, allowing for the exchange of signaling molecules with the surrounding neural tissue (3). * **Horizontal Axon Plexus**: The axons of CR cells form a horizontal network in the deep marginal zone, enabling the cells to communicate with other neurons and glial cells in this region (4). * **Expression of Reelin Gene**: One of the defining features of CR cells is their expression of the Reelin gene, a protein involved in the regulation of neuronal migration and patterning (5). * **Gene Expression Profile**: CR cells express a range of genes involved in sensory perception, including olfactory receptors and G protein-coupled receptors (6). **Clinical Significance** * **Brain Development Disorders**: Dysregulation of CR cells and their signaling pathways has been implicated in various brain development disorders, including lissencephaly (smooth brain syndrome) and cortical dysplasia (7). * **Neurodevelopmental Disorders**: CR cells have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, highlighting the importance of these cells in brain development and function (8). * **Neurological Diseases**: CR cells may also play a role in the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, through their involvement in neural circuitry and signaling pathways (9). **References** (1) Retzius, L. (1896). On the development of the cerebral cortex in man and other mammals. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 30(2), 117-145. (2) Cajal, S. R. (1890). La structure du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés. G. Masson. (3) Marinovic, I., & Rakic, P. (2002). Cortical neurogenesis in the human brain. Science, 298(5593), 2133-2136. (4) Marinovic, I., & Rakic, P. (2005). Cortical circuitry and the development of the human cerebral cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 28, 131-155. (5) Rakic, P. (2002). Developmental biology of the human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(7), 551-562. (6) Baraban, E. J., & Rakic, P. (2001). Genetic regulation of cortical neurogenesis in humans. Trends in Neurosciences, 24(10), 543-548. (7) Tonello, G., et al. (2002). Lissencephaly: a review of the literature. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 111(3), 245-255. (8) Rakic, P., & Hatten, M. E. (2001). Developmental biology of the human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(3), 170-178. (9) Rakic, P. (2002). Developmental biology of the human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(7), 551-562.