Details for: CL0000740

Cell ID: CL0000740

Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell

Marker Score Threshold: 1,247
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.

Synonyms: gangliocyte, ganglion cell of retina, RGC, RGCs

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: PSG11 (ENSG00000243130)
    Fold Change: 7.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000243130
  • Gene Symbol: SLC26A3 (ENSG00000091138)
    Fold Change: 5.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000091138
  • Gene Symbol: ND4L (ENSG00000212907)
    Fold Change: 5.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000212907
  • Gene Symbol: ROBO2 (ENSG00000185008)
    Fold Change: 5.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185008
  • Gene Symbol: PSG6 (ENSG00000170848)
    Fold Change: 5.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170848
  • Gene Symbol: DIO1 (ENSG00000211452)
    Fold Change: 5.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000211452
  • Gene Symbol: GATA1 (ENSG00000102145)
    Fold Change: 5.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102145
  • Gene Symbol: PRB1 (ENSG00000251655)
    Fold Change: 5.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000251655
  • Gene Symbol: PSG1 (ENSG00000231924)
    Fold Change: 5.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000231924
  • Gene Symbol: GPR18 (ENSG00000125245)
    Fold Change: 5.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000125245
  • Gene Symbol: PSG3 (ENSG00000221826)
    Fold Change: 5.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000221826
  • Gene Symbol: PSG9 (ENSG00000183668)
    Fold Change: 5.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183668
  • Gene Symbol: ND6 (ENSG00000198695)
    Fold Change: 5.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198695
  • Gene Symbol: SERPINB2 (ENSG00000197632)
    Fold Change: 5.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197632
  • Gene Symbol: CDK3 (ENSG00000250506)
    Fold Change: 5.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000250506
  • Gene Symbol: LECT2 (ENSG00000145826)
    Fold Change: 5.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145826
  • Gene Symbol: KLRB1 (ENSG00000111796)
    Fold Change: 5.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111796
  • Gene Symbol: CBLIF (ENSG00000134812)
    Fold Change: 4.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134812
  • Gene Symbol: CTNNA2 (ENSG00000066032)
    Fold Change: 4.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000066032
  • Gene Symbol: PSG5 (ENSG00000204941)
    Fold Change: 4.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204941
  • Gene Symbol: ANK2 (ENSG00000145362)
    Fold Change: 4.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145362
  • Gene Symbol: DSCAM (ENSG00000171587)
    Fold Change: 4.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171587
  • Gene Symbol: MUC6 (ENSG00000184956)
    Fold Change: 4.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184956
  • Gene Symbol: LSAMP (ENSG00000185565)
    Fold Change: 4.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185565
  • Gene Symbol: PTPRD (ENSG00000153707)
    Fold Change: 4.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153707
  • Gene Symbol: GRK3 (ENSG00000100077)
    Fold Change: 3.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100077
  • Gene Symbol: CTNND2 (ENSG00000169862)
    Fold Change: 3.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169862
  • Gene Symbol: GSDME (ENSG00000105928)
    Fold Change: 3.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105928
  • Gene Symbol: MAP1B (ENSG00000131711)
    Fold Change: 3.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131711
  • Gene Symbol: MTX1 (ENSG00000173171)
    Fold Change: 3.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173171
  • Gene Symbol: EBF1 (ENSG00000164330)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164330
  • Gene Symbol: GRIA4 (ENSG00000152578)
    Fold Change: 3.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152578
  • Gene Symbol: RORA (ENSG00000069667)
    Fold Change: 3.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069667
  • Gene Symbol: OPCML (ENSG00000183715)
    Fold Change: 3.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183715
  • Gene Symbol: HLA A (ENSG00000206503)
    Fold Change: 3.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000206503
  • Gene Symbol: PCDH9 (ENSG00000184226)
    Fold Change: 3.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184226
  • Gene Symbol: PDE4D (ENSG00000113448)
    Fold Change: 3.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113448
  • Gene Symbol: ANK3 (ENSG00000151150)
    Fold Change: 3.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151150
  • Gene Symbol: DCC (ENSG00000187323)
    Fold Change: 3.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187323
  • Gene Symbol: MEOX1 (ENSG00000005102)
    Fold Change: 3.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005102
  • Gene Symbol: NRG1 (ENSG00000157168)
    Fold Change: 3.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157168
  • Gene Symbol: ATP8 (ENSG00000228253)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000228253
  • Gene Symbol: RGS7 (ENSG00000182901)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182901
  • Gene Symbol: ESRRG (ENSG00000196482)
    Fold Change: 2.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196482
  • Gene Symbol: COX1 (ENSG00000198804)
    Fold Change: 2.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198804
  • Gene Symbol: RORB (ENSG00000198963)
    Fold Change: 2.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198963
  • Gene Symbol: EPHA5 (ENSG00000145242)
    Fold Change: 2.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145242
  • Gene Symbol: COX2 (ENSG00000198712)
    Fold Change: 2.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198712
  • Gene Symbol: COX3 (ENSG00000198938)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198938
  • Gene Symbol: H3 3B (ENSG00000132475)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132475
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6 (ENSG00000198899)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198899
  • Gene Symbol: ADRB2 (ENSG00000169252)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169252
  • Gene Symbol: CYTB (ENSG00000198727)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198727
  • Gene Symbol: ND4 (ENSG00000198886)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198886
  • Gene Symbol: ND3 (ENSG00000198840)
    Fold Change: 2.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198840
  • Gene Symbol: ND1 (ENSG00000198888)
    Fold Change: 2.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198888
  • Gene Symbol: ND2 (ENSG00000198763)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198763
  • Gene Symbol: RENBP (ENSG00000102032)
    Fold Change: 2.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102032
  • Gene Symbol: DDX5 (ENSG00000108654)
    Fold Change: 2.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108654
  • Gene Symbol: CNTN1 (ENSG00000018236)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000018236
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 2.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: DPP6 (ENSG00000130226)
    Fold Change: 2.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130226
  • Gene Symbol: AFF3 (ENSG00000144218)
    Fold Change: 2.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000144218
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: MAP2 (ENSG00000078018)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078018
  • Gene Symbol: ND5 (ENSG00000198786)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198786
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY1 (ENSG00000164742)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164742
  • Gene Symbol: ZFHX3 (ENSG00000140836)
    Fold Change: 2.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140836
  • Gene Symbol: CUX1 (ENSG00000257923)
    Fold Change: 2.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000257923
  • Gene Symbol: EFNA3 (ENSG00000143590)
    Fold Change: 2.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143590
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA2D1 (ENSG00000153956)
    Fold Change: 2.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153956
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: CYP3A4 (ENSG00000160868)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160868
  • Gene Symbol: HLA C (ENSG00000204525)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204525
  • Gene Symbol: VIT (ENSG00000205221)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000205221
  • Gene Symbol: HSPA1A (ENSG00000204389)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204389
  • Gene Symbol: RELN (ENSG00000189056)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000189056
  • Gene Symbol: HLA B (ENSG00000234745)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000234745
  • Gene Symbol: GADD45B (ENSG00000099860)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099860
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN5 (ENSG00000184702)
    Fold Change: 2.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184702
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1A (ENSG00000141837)
    Fold Change: 2.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141837
  • Gene Symbol: DOCK3 (ENSG00000088538)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000088538
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1B (ENSG00000148408)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148408
  • Gene Symbol: RPL10 (ENSG00000147403)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147403
  • Gene Symbol: GBA1 (ENSG00000177628)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177628
  • Gene Symbol: HLA E (ENSG00000204592)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204592
  • Gene Symbol: PTPRM (ENSG00000173482)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173482
  • Gene Symbol: PPP3CA (ENSG00000138814)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138814
  • Gene Symbol: DLG2 (ENSG00000150672)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000150672
  • Gene Symbol: HSPA1B (ENSG00000204388)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204388
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR2 (ENSG00000204217)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204217
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
  • Gene Symbol: RGR (ENSG00000148604)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148604
  • Gene Symbol: DST (ENSG00000151914)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151914
  • Gene Symbol: RPL7A (ENSG00000148303)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148303
  • Gene Symbol: PCDH7 (ENSG00000169851)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169851
  • Gene Symbol: CEACAM8 (ENSG00000124469)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124469
  • Gene Symbol: PTPRN2 (ENSG00000155093)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155093
  • Gene Symbol: RPL13 (ENSG00000167526)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167526

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in retinal ganglion cell cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in retinal ganglion cell cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.
**Key Characteristics** 1. **Morphology**: The RGC is a bipolar cell with a single axon that makes up the optic nerve. It has a large dendritic tree that receives inputs from bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells. 2. **Function**: The RGC is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. It responds to visual stimuli and transmits signals to the brain, where they are processed and interpreted. 3. **Genetic influence**: The RGC is influenced by a variety of genes, including PSG11, SLC26A3, ND4L, ROBO2, PSG6, DIO1, GATA1, PRB1, and PSG1. These genes are involved in various cellular processes, including cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and metabolic pathways. 4. **Expression**: The RGC expresses a range of proteins and molecules, including ion channels, receptors, and signaling molecules. These molecules are involved in various cellular processes, including cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and metabolic pathways. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Visual impairment**: The RGC is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. Damage to the RGC can result in visual impairment or blindness. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: The RGC is affected in neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, optic neuritis, and retinitis pigmentosa. These diseases can result in visual impairment or blindness. 3. **Eye diseases**: The RGC is affected in eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. These diseases can result in visual impairment or blindness. 4. **Neuroprotection**: The RGC is a potential target for neuroprotective therapies aimed at preventing or slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Research into the RGC's genetic and molecular mechanisms may provide insights into the development of these therapies. **Pathways and Ontologies** 1. **Cell surface**: The RGC is a cell surface protein that interacts with other cells and molecules. 2. **Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall**: The RGC interacts with the vascular wall and is influenced by various signaling molecules. 3. **Extracellular region**: The RGC is influenced by various extracellular molecules, including hormones and neurotransmitters. 4. **Female pregnancy**: The RGC is affected in female pregnancy and is influenced by various hormones and signaling molecules. 5. **Hemostasis**: The RGC is involved in hemostasis and is influenced by various signaling molecules. 6. **Heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules**: The RGC interacts with other cells and is influenced by various cell adhesion molecules. 7. **Apical plasma membrane**: The RGC is influenced by various signaling molecules that interact with the apical plasma membrane. 8. **Bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity**: The RGC is influenced by various bicarbonate transporters and is affected in diseases such as congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1. 9. **Chloride transmembrane transport**: The RGC is influenced by various chloride transporters and is affected in diseases such as congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1. 10. **Mitochondrial electron transport**: The RGC is influenced by various mitochondrial electron transporters and is affected in diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. 11. **Aerobic respiration**: The RGC is influenced by various aerobic respiration pathways and is affected in diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. 12. **Axon guidance**: The RGC is influenced by various axon guidance pathways and is affected in diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. 13. **Apoptotic process involved in luteolysis**: The RGC is influenced by various apoptotic pathways and is affected in diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. 14. **Cell-cell adhesion**: The RGC interacts with other cells and is influenced by various cell adhesion molecules. 15. **Homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules**: The RGC interacts with other cells and is influenced by various cell adhesion molecules. **Conclusion** The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a complex cell that plays a crucial role in the visual system. Its unique morphology and function allow it to respond to visual stimuli and transmit signals to the brain. The RGC's expression of various genes, including PSG11, SLC26A3, ND4L, ROBO2, PSG6, DIO1, GATA1, PRB1, and PSG1, is crucial for its proper functioning and development. The RGC's involvement in various cellular processes, including cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, and metabolic pathways, makes it a potential target for neuroprotective therapies aimed at preventing or slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.