Details for: CL0000890

Cell ID: CL0000890

Cell Name: alternatively activated macrophage

Marker Score Threshold: 417
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: An elicited macrophage characterized by low production of pro-inflammatory and Th1 polarizing cytokines and high expression of arginase-1, and associated with tissue remodelling.

Synonyms: M2 macrophage

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 3.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 3.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 3.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 3.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 2.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2.84
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 2.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: AIF1 (ENSG00000204472)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204472
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 2.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: ATOX1 (ENSG00000177556)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: CAPG (ENSG00000042493)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000042493
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: TSPO (ENSG00000100300)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100300
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ACP5 (ENSG00000102575)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102575
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: APOC1 (ENSG00000130208)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130208
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0C (ENSG00000185883)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185883
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: BLVRB (ENSG00000090013)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090013
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: C1QC (ENSG00000159189)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159189
  • Gene Symbol: C1QB (ENSG00000173369)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173369
  • Gene Symbol: RHOG (ENSG00000177105)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177105
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: C1QA (ENSG00000173372)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173372
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA1 (ENSG00000135046)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135046
  • Gene Symbol: BST2 (ENSG00000130303)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130303
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIB (ENSG00000111348)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111348
  • Gene Symbol: BAX (ENSG00000087088)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087088
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.72
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: APOE (ENSG00000130203)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130203
  • Gene Symbol: C5AR1 (ENSG00000197405)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197405
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6AP1 (ENSG00000071553)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000071553
  • Gene Symbol: BCL2A1 (ENSG00000140379)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140379
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: SERPING1 (ENSG00000149131)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149131
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: ARRB2 (ENSG00000141480)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141480
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1B2 (ENSG00000147416)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147416
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA1 (ENSG00000116489)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116489
  • Gene Symbol: PTTG1IP (ENSG00000183255)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183255
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA4 (ENSG00000196975)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196975
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: PLIN2 (ENSG00000147872)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147872
  • Gene Symbol: BLVRA (ENSG00000106605)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106605
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ACP2 (ENSG00000134575)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134575
  • Gene Symbol: CAPNS1 (ENSG00000126247)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126247
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: ARF6 (ENSG00000165527)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165527
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1E1 (ENSG00000131100)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131100
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: BID (ENSG00000015475)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000015475
  • Gene Symbol: FMNL1 (ENSG00000184922)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184922
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA1 (ENSG00000165029)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165029
  • Gene Symbol: CAPN2 (ENSG00000162909)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162909
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: BAG1 (ENSG00000107262)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107262
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH2 (ENSG00000111275)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111275
  • Gene Symbol: C3AR1 (ENSG00000171860)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171860
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1A (ENSG00000114573)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114573
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN1 (ENSG00000072110)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072110
  • Gene Symbol: AQP9 (ENSG00000103569)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000103569
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Low production of pro-inflammatory cytokines**: M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, which regulate the inflammatory response and promote tissue remodeling. 2. **High expression of arginase-1**: Arginase-1 is an enzyme involved in the degradation of L-arginine, which is a precursor for nitric oxide production. M2 macrophages express high levels of arginase-1, contributing to the suppression of nitric oxide production and the promotion of tissue remodeling. 3. **Tissue remodeling**: M2 macrophages are involved in tissue remodeling, which is essential for wound healing, tissue repair, and the progression of various diseases, including cancer. 4. **Immune suppression**: M2 macrophages can suppress immune responses, which can be beneficial in controlling chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. 5. **Expression of specific genes**: M2 macrophages express specific genes, including those involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Wound healing**: M2 macrophages play a crucial role in wound healing by promoting tissue remodeling and the repair of damaged tissues. 2. **Cancer progression**: M2 macrophages can promote cancer progression by suppressing immune responses and supporting tumor growth and metastasis. 3. **Autoimmune diseases**: M2 macrophages can contribute to the development and progression of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 4. **Infectious diseases**: M2 macrophages can modulate the immune response to infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria. 5. **Disease diagnosis**: The identification of M2 macrophages can be useful in diagnosing diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. **Signaling Pathways** 1. **TGF-β signaling pathway**: The TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of M2 macrophage differentiation and function. 2. **IL-10 signaling pathway**: The IL-10 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of M2 macrophage function and the suppression of immune responses. 3. **MRC1 signaling pathway**: The MRC1 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of M2 macrophage function and the suppression of immune responses. 4. **NF-κB signaling pathway**: The NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of M2 macrophage function and the suppression of immune responses. In conclusion, the alternatively activated macrophage (M2 macrophage) is a critical component of the immune system, involved in tissue remodeling, immune responses, and inflammation. Understanding the key characteristics, clinical significance, and signaling pathways of M2 macrophages can provide valuable insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies for various diseases.