Details for: CL0000910

Cell ID: CL0000910

Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell

Marker Score Threshold: 326
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive.

Synonyms: cytotoxic T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T-cell, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: CIRBP (ENSG00000099622)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099622
  • Gene Symbol: COX4I1 (ENSG00000131143)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131143
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: KLF6 (ENSG00000067082)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067082
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: SEPTIN7 (ENSG00000122545)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122545
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: CAST (ENSG00000153113)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153113
  • Gene Symbol: CLTA (ENSG00000122705)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122705
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: AP2M1 (ENSG00000161203)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161203
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: CD74 (ENSG00000019582)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000019582
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: CD47 (ENSG00000196776)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196776
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: CLK1 (ENSG00000013441)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000013441
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA1 (ENSG00000116489)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116489
  • Gene Symbol: CCT6A (ENSG00000146731)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146731
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: FOXN3 (ENSG00000053254)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000053254
  • Gene Symbol: CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213719
  • Gene Symbol: CHD1 (ENSG00000153922)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153922
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: CHD2 (ENSG00000173575)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173575
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: C1QBP (ENSG00000108561)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108561
  • Gene Symbol: AP2S1 (ENSG00000042753)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000042753
  • Gene Symbol: AP3S1 (ENSG00000177879)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177879
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: CLTC (ENSG00000141367)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141367
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: CAMLG (ENSG00000164615)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164615
  • Gene Symbol: ATOX1 (ENSG00000177556)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: CLNS1A (ENSG00000074201)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000074201
  • Gene Symbol: COPA (ENSG00000122218)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122218
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: CD59 (ENSG00000085063)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085063
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: PTTG1IP (ENSG00000183255)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183255
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: COMT (ENSG00000093010)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000093010
  • Gene Symbol: BAG1 (ENSG00000107262)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107262
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: CCNH (ENSG00000134480)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134480
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: CHD4 (ENSG00000111642)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111642
  • Gene Symbol: CLTB (ENSG00000175416)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175416
  • Gene Symbol: CAPNS1 (ENSG00000126247)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126247
  • Gene Symbol: TSPO (ENSG00000100300)
    Fold Change: N/A
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100300
Hovered Details

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hovered Details

Hover over a box to see details here...

**Key Characteristics** Cytotoxic T cells are mature T cells that have acquired cytotoxic function. They are characterized by the following features: * Perforin-positive: CTLs express perforin, a protein that forms pores in the target cell membrane, allowing granzymes to enter the cell and induce apoptosis. * Granzyme B-positive: CTLs express granzyme B, a serine protease that cleaves and activates caspases, leading to apoptosis. * CD4-CD8+ T cells: CTLs are a subset of CD4-CD8+ T cells, which are a subset of T cells that have lost CD4 co-receptors. * T cell receptor (TCR) expression: CTLs express TCRs on their surface, which recognize antigens presented by MHC class I molecules. **Clinical Significance** Cytotoxic T cells play a crucial role in various clinical conditions, including: * Infectious diseases: CTLs are essential for controlling viral infections, such as HIV and herpes simplex virus. * Cancer: CTLs can recognize and kill tumor cells, making them a target for cancer immunotherapy. * Autoimmune diseases: CTLs can contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, by recognizing and killing self-antigen-presenting cells. **Molecular Mechanisms** The molecular mechanisms of cytotoxic T cells involve the following steps: 1. Antigen recognition: CTLs recognize antigens presented by MHC class I molecules on the surface of target cells. 2. TCR signaling: The recognition of antigens by CTLs triggers TCR signaling, which activates the CTLs and induces the expression of perforin and granzyme B. 3. Perforin-mediated pore formation: Perforin forms pores in the target cell membrane, allowing granzymes to enter the cell. 4. Granzyme B-mediated apoptosis: Granzymes activate caspases, leading to apoptosis of the target cell. In conclusion, cytotoxic T cells are a crucial component of the adaptive immune system, and their dysregulation can contribute to various clinical conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CTLs can provide insights into the development of novel immunotherapies for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.