Details for: CL0002488

Cell ID: CL0002488

Cell Name: trophoblast giant cell

Marker Score Threshold: 324
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A trophoblast cell that has a large volume of cytoplasm, is polyploid and is usually mononuclear but is also occasionally multi-nucleate. This cell type is important in establishing maternal physiology and remodeling of the vasculature of the placenta.

Synonyms: giant trophoblast cell

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 3.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: CSH1 (ENSG00000136488)
    Fold Change: 3.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136488
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 3.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: CSH2 (ENSG00000213218)
    Fold Change: 2.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213218
  • Gene Symbol: COX7C (ENSG00000127184)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127184
  • Gene Symbol: COX4I1 (ENSG00000131143)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131143
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: CIRBP (ENSG00000099622)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099622
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: CGA (ENSG00000135346)
    Fold Change: 2.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135346
  • Gene Symbol: CFL1 (ENSG00000172757)
    Fold Change: 2.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172757
  • Gene Symbol: COX6C (ENSG00000164919)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164919
  • Gene Symbol: COX7A2 (ENSG00000112695)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112695
  • Gene Symbol: COX5B (ENSG00000135940)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135940
  • Gene Symbol: COX6B1 (ENSG00000126267)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126267
  • Gene Symbol: KLF6 (ENSG00000067082)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067082
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: CDC42 (ENSG00000070831)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070831
  • Gene Symbol: COX6A1 (ENSG00000111775)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111775
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: COX8A (ENSG00000176340)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000176340
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: CSTB (ENSG00000160213)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160213
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: CD74 (ENSG00000019582)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000019582
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: ADM (ENSG00000148926)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148926
  • Gene Symbol: CLTA (ENSG00000122705)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122705
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: CLK1 (ENSG00000013441)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000013441
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA1 (ENSG00000116489)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116489
  • Gene Symbol: ANGPT2 (ENSG00000091879)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000091879
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA1 (ENSG00000135046)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135046
  • Gene Symbol: AP2S1 (ENSG00000042753)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000042753
  • Gene Symbol: AP2M1 (ENSG00000161203)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161203
  • Gene Symbol: CD47 (ENSG00000196776)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196776
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: CSNK1A1 (ENSG00000113712)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113712
  • Gene Symbol: C1QBP (ENSG00000108561)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108561
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIB (ENSG00000111348)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111348
  • Gene Symbol: ARF6 (ENSG00000165527)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165527
  • Gene Symbol: CD81 (ENSG00000110651)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110651
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: FOXN3 (ENSG00000053254)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000053254
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: CCT6A (ENSG00000146731)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146731
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: CD44 (ENSG00000026508)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000026508
  • Gene Symbol: CAMLG (ENSG00000164615)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164615
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: AP3S1 (ENSG00000177879)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177879
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: ATOX1 (ENSG00000177556)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556
  • Gene Symbol: TBCB (ENSG00000105254)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105254
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: CLNS1A (ENSG00000074201)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000074201
  • Gene Symbol: BAX (ENSG00000087088)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087088
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: CST3 (ENSG00000101439)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101439
  • Gene Symbol: CD63 (ENSG00000135404)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135404
  • Gene Symbol: CCNH (ENSG00000134480)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134480
  • Gene Symbol: CD59 (ENSG00000085063)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085063
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: CCND3 (ENSG00000112576)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112576
  • Gene Symbol: BAG1 (ENSG00000107262)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107262
  • Gene Symbol: CAPN6 (ENSG00000077274)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077274
  • Gene Symbol: CHD1 (ENSG00000153922)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153922
  • Gene Symbol: STS (ENSG00000101846)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101846
  • Gene Symbol: CHD2 (ENSG00000173575)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173575
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: ANK3 (ENSG00000151150)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151150
  • Gene Symbol: CTSC (ENSG00000109861)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109861
  • Gene Symbol: ADH5 (ENSG00000197894)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197894
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: ATM (ENSG00000149311)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149311
  • Gene Symbol: CAPNS1 (ENSG00000126247)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126247
  • Gene Symbol: CAPN2 (ENSG00000162909)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162909
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: CSNK1D (ENSG00000141551)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141551
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Large cytoplasmic volume**: TGCs have a significantly larger cytoplasmic volume compared to other trophoblast cells, which is thought to be related to their unique function in establishing maternal physiology. 2. **Polyploidy**: TGCs are polyploid, meaning they have more than two sets of chromosomes, which is a characteristic feature of these cells. 3. **Mononuclear or multi-nucleate morphology**: TGCs can be either mononuclear or multi-nucleate, depending on their stage of development. 4. **Actin cytoskeleton organization**: TGCs have a highly organized actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for their functions in cell-cell communication and cytoskeleton organization. 5. **Gene expression regulation**: TGCs are involved in the regulation of gene expression, particularly in the context of immune responses and disease. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Placental dysfunction**: Abnormalities in TGC function have been implicated in placental dysfunction, which can lead to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. 2. **Immune tolerance**: TGCs play a crucial role in establishing immune tolerance during pregnancy, which is essential for the survival of the fetus. 3. **Cancer and immune regulation**: TGCs have been implicated in cancer and immune regulation, particularly in the context of tumor development and immune evasion. 4. **Infectious diseases**: TGCs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, such as HIV and Leishmania infection. 5. **Therapeutic applications**: TGCs have potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the context of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. **Pathways and Ontology** Trophoblast giant cells are involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Actin cytoskeleton organization**: TGCs have a highly organized actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for their functions in cell-cell communication and cytoskeleton organization. 2. **Cell-cell communication**: TGCs are involved in cell-cell communication, particularly in the context of immune responses and disease. 3. **Cytoskeleton organization**: TGCs have a highly organized cytoskeleton, which is essential for their functions in cell-cell communication and cytoskeleton organization. 4. **Gene expression regulation**: TGCs are involved in the regulation of gene expression, particularly in the context of immune responses and disease. 5. **Immune system**: TGCs play a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in the context of immune tolerance during pregnancy. In conclusion, trophoblast giant cells are a unique and fascinating cell type that plays a crucial role in establishing maternal physiology and remodeling the vasculature of the placenta. Their involvement in various cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton organization, cell-cell communication, and gene expression regulation, highlights their importance in the context of immune responses and disease.