Details for: CL0011025

Cell ID: CL0011025

Cell Name: exhausted T cell

Marker Score Threshold: 575
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: An effector T cell that displays impaired effector functions (e.g., rapid production of effector cytokines, cytotoxicity) and has limited proliferative potential.

Synonyms: Tex cell

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 3.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 3.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: CD3D (ENSG00000167286)
    Fold Change: 3.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167286
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 3.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 3.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: CD2 (ENSG00000116824)
    Fold Change: 3.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116824
  • Gene Symbol: CD3E (ENSG00000198851)
    Fold Change: 3.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198851
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIB (ENSG00000111348)
    Fold Change: 2.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111348
  • Gene Symbol: CALM1 (ENSG00000198668)
    Fold Change: 2.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198668
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 2.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: CD7 (ENSG00000173762)
    Fold Change: 2.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173762
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: CALM2 (ENSG00000143933)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143933
  • Gene Symbol: CD37 (ENSG00000104894)
    Fold Change: 2.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104894
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: CD3G (ENSG00000160654)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160654
  • Gene Symbol: CD8A (ENSG00000153563)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153563
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZB (ENSG00000077549)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077549
  • Gene Symbol: CALR (ENSG00000179218)
    Fold Change: 2.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179218
  • Gene Symbol: TMEM258 (ENSG00000134825)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134825
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: CD8B (ENSG00000172116)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172116
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: CALM3 (ENSG00000160014)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160014
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: CD27 (ENSG00000139193)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000139193
  • Gene Symbol: RHOH (ENSG00000168421)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168421
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: CD247 (ENSG00000198821)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198821
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: TSPO (ENSG00000100300)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100300
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0C (ENSG00000185883)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185883
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA6 (ENSG00000197043)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197043
  • Gene Symbol: ARF6 (ENSG00000165527)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165527
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA1 (ENSG00000116489)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116489
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA1 (ENSG00000135046)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135046
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: BST2 (ENSG00000130303)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130303
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: BAX (ENSG00000087088)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087088
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: ALOX5AP (ENSG00000132965)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132965
  • Gene Symbol: RHOG (ENSG00000177105)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177105
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: BIRC3 (ENSG00000023445)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000023445
  • Gene Symbol: CD6 (ENSG00000013725)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000013725
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: CCT6A (ENSG00000146731)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146731
  • Gene Symbol: BIN1 (ENSG00000136717)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136717
  • Gene Symbol: CCNH (ENSG00000134480)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134480
  • Gene Symbol: CCND3 (ENSG00000112576)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112576
  • Gene Symbol: CBLB (ENSG00000114423)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114423
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: CAST (ENSG00000153113)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153113
  • Gene Symbol: CASP4 (ENSG00000196954)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196954
  • Gene Symbol: RUNX3 (ENSG00000020633)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000020633
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: CANX (ENSG00000127022)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127022
  • Gene Symbol: FMNL1 (ENSG00000184922)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184922
  • Gene Symbol: PRDM1 (ENSG00000057657)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000057657
  • Gene Symbol: CAPZA2 (ENSG00000198898)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198898
  • Gene Symbol: C1QBP (ENSG00000108561)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108561
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: RHOC (ENSG00000155366)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155366
  • Gene Symbol: CCND2 (ENSG00000118971)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000118971
  • Gene Symbol: PLIN2 (ENSG00000147872)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147872
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: CAMLG (ENSG00000164615)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164615
  • Gene Symbol: ACP5 (ENSG00000102575)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102575
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: ATF3 (ENSG00000162772)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162772
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1E1 (ENSG00000131100)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131100
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: CAPN2 (ENSG00000162909)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162909
  • Gene Symbol: GET3 (ENSG00000198356)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198356
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Impaired Effector Functions**: Exhausted T cells exhibit reduced cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and proliferation, indicating a compromised ability to effectively control antigen-presenting cells and eliminate infected cells. 2. **Limited Proliferative Potential**: Exhausted T cells have a reduced capacity for proliferation, which hinders their ability to respond to new infections or antigenic challenges. 3. **Increased Apoptosis**: Exhausted T cells are more prone to apoptosis, which contributes to their diminished functional capacity. 4. **Reduced Expression of Activation Markers**: Exhausted T cells exhibit decreased expression of activation markers, such as CD25, CD28, and CD137, indicating a loss of T cell activation and proliferation signals. 5. **Increased Expression of Inhibitory Receptors**: Exhausted T cells often express increased levels of inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1 and Tim-3, which dampen T cell activation and proliferation. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Chronic Viral Infections**: Exhausted T cells are a hallmark of chronic viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, where they contribute to immune dysfunction and disease progression. 2. **Immunodeficiency**: Exhausted T cells are associated with immunodeficiency, as they impair the immune system's ability to respond to infections and tumors. 3. **Cancer**: Exhausted T cells can contribute to cancer progression, as they fail to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. 4. **Vaccine Efficacy**: Exhausted T cells can compromise vaccine efficacy, as they reduce the immune system's ability to respond to vaccinations. 5. **Therapeutic Targets**: Understanding the mechanisms underlying exhausted T cell development and function has led to the development of therapeutic strategies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, to restore T cell function and enhance immune responses. In conclusion, exhausted T cells are a critical component of chronic immune responses, and their dysfunction contributes to immune exhaustion, immune dysfunction, and disease progression. Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms underlying exhausted T cell development and function, and to develop effective therapeutic strategies to restore T cell function and enhance immune responses.