Details for: CL3000001

Cell ID: CL3000001

Cell Name: Hofbauer cell

Marker Score Threshold: 551
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A tissue-resident macrophage that is part of the placenta. A Hofbauer cell expresses high levels of growth factors and metalloproteinases that support vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, branching morphogenesis and tissue remodeling. A Hofbauer cell has a fetal origin and is present throughout pregnancy.

Synonyms: HBC

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: AIF1 (ENSG00000204472)
    Fold Change: 2.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204472
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIB (ENSG00000111348)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111348
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B1 (ENSG00000143153)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143153
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ATOX1 (ENSG00000177556)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: AKR1B1 (ENSG00000085662)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085662
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ALOX5AP (ENSG00000132965)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132965
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: A2M (ENSG00000175899)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175899
  • Gene Symbol: ARRB2 (ENSG00000141480)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141480
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: APRT (ENSG00000198931)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198931
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA4 (ENSG00000196975)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196975
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: BIN1 (ENSG00000136717)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136717
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6AP1 (ENSG00000071553)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000071553
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA1 (ENSG00000135046)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135046
  • Gene Symbol: RHOG (ENSG00000177105)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177105
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: AP1B1 (ENSG00000100280)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100280
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1E1 (ENSG00000131100)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131100
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: ARF6 (ENSG00000165527)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165527
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: GET3 (ENSG00000198356)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198356
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: ARF3 (ENSG00000134287)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134287
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGAP4 (ENSG00000089820)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000089820
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1B2 (ENSG00000147416)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147416
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: AP2A2 (ENSG00000183020)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183020
  • Gene Symbol: PLIN2 (ENSG00000147872)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147872
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA6 (ENSG00000197043)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197043
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1C1 (ENSG00000155097)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155097
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ADH5 (ENSG00000197894)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197894
  • Gene Symbol: ZFHX3 (ENSG00000140836)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140836
  • Gene Symbol: ACP2 (ENSG00000134575)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134575
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A4 (ENSG00000151729)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151729
  • Gene Symbol: AAMP (ENSG00000127837)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127837
  • Gene Symbol: AK1 (ENSG00000106992)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106992
  • Gene Symbol: RHOC (ENSG00000155366)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155366
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: ARF5 (ENSG00000004059)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004059
  • Gene Symbol: AHCY (ENSG00000101444)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101444
  • Gene Symbol: ARL2 (ENSG00000213465)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213465
  • Gene Symbol: ACAT1 (ENSG00000075239)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075239
  • Gene Symbol: BAG1 (ENSG00000107262)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107262
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA1 (ENSG00000165029)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165029
  • Gene Symbol: AK2 (ENSG00000004455)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004455
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: APOE (ENSG00000130203)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130203
  • Gene Symbol: ACO2 (ENSG00000100412)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100412
  • Gene Symbol: BAD (ENSG00000002330)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000002330
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0A1 (ENSG00000033627)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033627
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2A2 (ENSG00000174437)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174437
  • Gene Symbol: ARL3 (ENSG00000138175)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138175
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
  • Gene Symbol: ACADM (ENSG00000117054)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117054
  • Gene Symbol: ASPH (ENSG00000198363)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198363
  • Gene Symbol: ACAA1 (ENSG00000060971)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000060971
  • Gene Symbol: ARL1 (ENSG00000120805)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120805
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1A (ENSG00000114573)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114573
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH9A1 (ENSG00000143149)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143149
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ALOX5 (ENSG00000012779)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000012779
  • Gene Symbol: ACP5 (ENSG00000102575)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102575
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: ACADS (ENSG00000122971)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122971
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** Hofbauer cells are a type of macrophage that is specifically found in the placenta. They are characterized by the following key features: 1. **Expression of growth factors and metalloproteinases**: HBCs express high levels of growth factors and metalloproteinases, which are essential for various cellular processes such as vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. 2. **Fetal origin**: HBCs have a fetal origin and are present throughout pregnancy. 3. **Tissue-resident macrophage**: HBCs are a type of tissue-resident macrophage, which means they are resident cells in the placenta and play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the placental tissue. 4. **Immunomodulatory functions**: HBCs have immunomodulatory functions and play a crucial role in regulating the immune response during pregnancy. **Clinical Significance** Hofbauer cells have several clinical significance, including: 1. **Placental development and function**: HBCs play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the placenta, which is essential for fetal growth and development. 2. **Immune tolerance**: HBCs help to regulate the immune response during pregnancy, which is essential for preventing rejection of the fetus. 3. **Pregnancy complications**: Abnormalities in HBC function have been implicated in various pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental abruption. 4. **Fetal growth restriction**: HBCs have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating fetal growth, and abnormalities in HBC function have been implicated in fetal growth restriction. **Molecular Mechanisms** The molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of Hofbauer cells are complex and involve the regulation of various cellular processes. Some of the key molecular mechanisms include: 1. **Growth factor signaling**: HBCs express high levels of growth factors, which play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes such as vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. 2. **Metalloproteinase activity**: HBCs express metalloproteinases, which play a crucial role in regulating tissue remodeling and remodeling of the placental tissue. 3. **Immunomodulatory signaling**: HBCs have immunomodulatory functions and play a crucial role in regulating the immune response during pregnancy. 4. **Regulation of gene expression**: HBCs regulate gene expression, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of the placental tissue. In conclusion, Hofbauer cells are a type of tissue-resident macrophage that plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the placenta. They are characterized by their expression of high levels of growth factors and metalloproteinases, and have been implicated in various clinical conditions, including pregnancy complications and fetal growth restriction. Further research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of Hofbauer cells.