Details for: CL4023041

Cell ID: CL4023041

Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron

Marker Score Threshold: 1,544
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A transcriptomically distinct glutamatergic neuron, with a soma found in the deeper portion of L5, that has long-range axonal projections including deep subcortical targets outside of the telencephalon and, in some cases, the spinal cord. While the L5 ET neuron projections are not limited to ET targets, they are clearly differentiated from the neuron subclasses whose projections are constrained to intratelencephalic (IT) targets. L5 ET neurons are generally the largest excitatory cortical neurons, typically having a thick apical dendrite with a prominent dendritic tuft in layer 1 and displaying burst-firing physiological characteristics. The standard transcriptomic reference data for this cell type can be found on the CellxGene census under the collection: 'Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization', dataset: 'Supercluster: Deep layer (non-IT) excitatory neurons ', Author Categories: 'CrossArea_subclass', clusters L5 ET.

Synonyms: subcerebral projection (SCPN) neuron, Pyramidal tract-like (PT-l), burst-firing layer 5 neuron, thick-tufted layer 5 (TTL5) pyramidal neuron, pyramidal tract (PT) neuron, L5b neuron

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B2 (ENSG00000157087)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157087
  • Gene Symbol: DOCK3 (ENSG00000088538)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000088538
  • Gene Symbol: ADGRB3 (ENSG00000135298)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135298
  • Gene Symbol: FGF14 (ENSG00000102466)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000102466
  • Gene Symbol: ASIC2 (ENSG00000108684)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108684
  • Gene Symbol: CTNND2 (ENSG00000169862)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169862
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1C (ENSG00000151067)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151067
  • Gene Symbol: ANK2 (ENSG00000145362)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145362
  • Gene Symbol: CNTN1 (ENSG00000018236)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000018236
  • Gene Symbol: DGKB (ENSG00000136267)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136267
  • Gene Symbol: DLG2 (ENSG00000150672)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000150672
  • Gene Symbol: DPP6 (ENSG00000130226)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130226
  • Gene Symbol: FGF12 (ENSG00000114279)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114279
  • Gene Symbol: CAMK2A (ENSG00000070808)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070808
  • Gene Symbol: DYNC1I1 (ENSG00000158560)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000158560
  • Gene Symbol: GABRB1 (ENSG00000163288)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163288
  • Gene Symbol: GABRB3 (ENSG00000166206)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166206
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1B (ENSG00000148408)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148408
  • Gene Symbol: GABRB2 (ENSG00000145864)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145864
  • Gene Symbol: CACNB4 (ENSG00000182389)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182389
  • Gene Symbol: DSCAM (ENSG00000171587)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171587
  • Gene Symbol: ESRRG (ENSG00000196482)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196482
  • Gene Symbol: CDH18 (ENSG00000145526)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145526
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1A (ENSG00000141837)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141837
  • Gene Symbol: ELAVL4 (ENSG00000162374)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162374
  • Gene Symbol: CTNNA2 (ENSG00000066032)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000066032
  • Gene Symbol: DNM1 (ENSG00000106976)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106976
  • Gene Symbol: DTNA (ENSG00000134769)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134769
  • Gene Symbol: CAMK2B (ENSG00000058404)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000058404
  • Gene Symbol: CHN1 (ENSG00000128656)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128656
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA1D (ENSG00000157388)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157388
  • Gene Symbol: DMD (ENSG00000198947)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198947
  • Gene Symbol: ASTN1 (ENSG00000152092)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152092
  • Gene Symbol: APBA2 (ENSG00000034053)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000034053
  • Gene Symbol: ELAVL3 (ENSG00000196361)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196361
  • Gene Symbol: ADD2 (ENSG00000075340)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075340
  • Gene Symbol: AMPH (ENSG00000078053)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078053
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY1 (ENSG00000164742)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164742
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY2 (ENSG00000078295)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078295
  • Gene Symbol: ANK3 (ENSG00000151150)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151150
  • Gene Symbol: APBA1 (ENSG00000107282)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107282
  • Gene Symbol: EXT1 (ENSG00000182197)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182197
  • Gene Symbol: CACNA2D1 (ENSG00000153956)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000153956
  • Gene Symbol: EPHA5 (ENSG00000145242)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145242
  • Gene Symbol: CDH8 (ENSG00000150394)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000150394
  • Gene Symbol: CHRM3 (ENSG00000133019)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133019
  • Gene Symbol: GABRG2 (ENSG00000113327)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113327
  • Gene Symbol: CRYM (ENSG00000103316)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000103316
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY9 (ENSG00000162104)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162104
  • Gene Symbol: DST (ENSG00000151914)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151914
  • Gene Symbol: DAB1 (ENSG00000173406)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173406
  • Gene Symbol: ADRA1A (ENSG00000120907)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120907
  • Gene Symbol: CPE (ENSG00000109472)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109472
  • Gene Symbol: ACACA (ENSG00000278540)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000278540
  • Gene Symbol: BICD1 (ENSG00000151746)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151746
  • Gene Symbol: EPHA7 (ENSG00000135333)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135333
  • Gene Symbol: FER (ENSG00000151422)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151422
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A3 (ENSG00000105409)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105409
  • Gene Symbol: BRINP1 (ENSG00000078725)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078725
  • Gene Symbol: DAPK1 (ENSG00000196730)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196730
  • Gene Symbol: MPPED1 (ENSG00000186732)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000186732
  • Gene Symbol: EPHA4 (ENSG00000116106)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116106
  • Gene Symbol: FHIT (ENSG00000189283)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000189283
  • Gene Symbol: DGKG (ENSG00000058866)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000058866
  • Gene Symbol: DIAPH2 (ENSG00000147202)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147202
  • Gene Symbol: GABRG3 (ENSG00000182256)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182256
  • Gene Symbol: CAMK2G (ENSG00000148660)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148660
  • Gene Symbol: CTTN (ENSG00000085733)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085733
  • Gene Symbol: EFNA5 (ENSG00000184349)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184349
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR2 (ENSG00000204217)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204217
  • Gene Symbol: GAP43 (ENSG00000172020)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172020
  • Gene Symbol: DPYSL2 (ENSG00000092964)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000092964
  • Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: GABRA1 (ENSG00000022355)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000022355
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B1 (ENSG00000143153)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143153
  • Gene Symbol: EPB41L2 (ENSG00000079819)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000079819
  • Gene Symbol: PTK2B (ENSG00000120899)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120899
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0A1 (ENSG00000033627)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033627
  • Gene Symbol: DTNB (ENSG00000138101)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138101
  • Gene Symbol: ABR (ENSG00000159842)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159842
  • Gene Symbol: LDLRAD4 (ENSG00000168675)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168675
  • Gene Symbol: APBB2 (ENSG00000163697)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163697
  • Gene Symbol: ACYP2 (ENSG00000170634)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170634
  • Gene Symbol: DLG1 (ENSG00000075711)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075711
  • Gene Symbol: LRBA (ENSG00000198589)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198589
  • Gene Symbol: CACNB2 (ENSG00000165995)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165995
  • Gene Symbol: DPYD (ENSG00000188641)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188641
  • Gene Symbol: DMXL1 (ENSG00000172869)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172869
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: APC (ENSG00000134982)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134982
  • Gene Symbol: BRAF (ENSG00000157764)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157764
  • Gene Symbol: FUT8 (ENSG00000033170)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033170
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN1 (ENSG00000072110)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072110
  • Gene Symbol: CDR2 (ENSG00000140743)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140743
  • Gene Symbol: GAS2 (ENSG00000148935)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148935
  • Gene Symbol: CDH2 (ENSG00000170558)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170558
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: AUH (ENSG00000148090)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148090
  • Gene Symbol: KIF1A (ENSG00000130294)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130294

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.

Gene ID: A unique numerical identifier for this specific gene.
Symbol: Shortened abbreviation or name that represents this gene.
Ensembl Gene ID: A unique identifier assigned by Ensembl for genomic data mapping.
Fold Change: Indicates the ratio of the gene's expression level in L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron cell compared to a baseline. A fold change greater than 1 suggests significant gene expression.
**Key Characteristics** The L5 ET neuron has several distinct characteristics that set it apart from other types of glutamatergic cortical neurons: 1. **Large size**: The L5 ET neuron is one of the largest excitatory cortical neurons, with a thick apical dendrite and a prominent dendritic tuft in layer 1. 2. **Long-range axonal projections**: The L5 ET neuron has long-range axonal projections that extend to deep subcortical targets outside of the telencephalon and, in some cases, the spinal cord. 3. **Burst-firing physiology**: The L5 ET neuron exhibits burst-firing physiological characteristics, which are thought to be involved in the integration of sensory information and the generation of motor responses. 4. **Distinct transcriptomic profile**: The L5 ET neuron has a distinct transcriptomic profile that is characterized by the expression of specific genes involved in neural differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and sensory perception. 5. **Involvement in neural circuits**: The L5 ET neuron is involved in various neural circuits, including those involved in sensory perception, motor control, and cognition. **Clinical Significance** The L5 ET neuron has several potential implications for our understanding of neurological disorders and the development of novel therapeutic strategies: 1. **Understanding sensory processing disorders**: The L5 ET neuron is thought to be involved in the processing of sensory information, particularly sound and touch. Understanding its function and behavior may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying sensory processing disorders, such as tinnitus and synesthesia. 2. **Developing novel treatments for motor disorders**: The L5 ET neuron is involved in motor control and cognition. Developing novel treatments that target this neuron may provide new avenues for treating motor disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and stroke. 3. **Investigating the role of glutamatergic neurons in neurological disorders**: The L5 ET neuron is a glutamatergic neuron, which means that it plays a key role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and neural circuits. Understanding its function and behavior may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. 4. **Developing novel therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders**: The L5 ET neuron has a distinct transcriptomic profile that is characterized by the expression of specific genes involved in neural differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and sensory perception. Developing novel therapeutic strategies that target this neuron may provide new avenues for treating neurological disorders. In conclusion, the L5 ET neuron is a unique and distinct type of glutamatergic cortical neuron that plays a key role in various neural circuits, including those involved in sensory perception, motor control, and cognition. Understanding its function and behavior may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.