Details for: CL4023041

Cell ID: CL4023041

Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron

Marker Score Threshold: 1544
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A transcriptomically distinct glutamatergic neuron, with a soma found in the deeper portion of L5, that has long-range axonal projections including deep subcortical targets outside of the telencephalon and, in some cases, the spinal cord. While the L5 ET neuron projections are not limited to ET targets, they are clearly differentiated from the neuron subclasses whose projections are constrained to intratelencephalic (IT) targets. L5 ET neurons are generally the largest excitatory cortical neurons, typically having a thick apical dendrite with a prominent dendritic tuft in layer 1 and displaying burst-firing physiological characteristics. The standard transcriptomic reference data for this cell type can be found on the CellxGene census under the collection: 'Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization', dataset: 'Supercluster: Deep layer (non-IT) excitatory neurons ', Author Categories: 'CrossArea_subclass', clusters L5 ET.

Synonyms: subcerebral projection (SCPN) neuron, Pyramidal tract-like (PT-l), burst-firing layer 5 neuron, thick-tufted layer 5 (TTL5) pyramidal neuron, pyramidal tract (PT) neuron, L5b neuron

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ASIC2 (ENSG00000108684)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108684
  • Gene Symbol: ANK2 (ENSG00000145362)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145362
  • Gene Symbol: ASTN1 (ENSG00000152092)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152092
  • Gene Symbol: APBA2 (ENSG00000034053)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000034053
  • Gene Symbol: ADD2 (ENSG00000075340)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075340
  • Gene Symbol: AMPH (ENSG00000078053)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078053
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY1 (ENSG00000164742)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164742
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY2 (ENSG00000078295)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078295
  • Gene Symbol: ANK3 (ENSG00000151150)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151150
  • Gene Symbol: APBA1 (ENSG00000107282)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107282
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY9 (ENSG00000162104)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162104
  • Gene Symbol: ADRA1A (ENSG00000120907)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120907
  • Gene Symbol: ACACA (ENSG00000278540)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000278540
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A3 (ENSG00000105409)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105409
  • Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: ABR (ENSG00000159842)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159842
  • Gene Symbol: APBB2 (ENSG00000163697)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163697
  • Gene Symbol: ACYP2 (ENSG00000170634)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170634
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: APC (ENSG00000134982)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134982
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN1 (ENSG00000072110)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072110
  • Gene Symbol: GRK3 (ENSG00000100077)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100077
  • Gene Symbol: ALCAM (ENSG00000170017)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170017
  • Gene Symbol: ABAT (ENSG00000183044)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183044
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGAP5 (ENSG00000100852)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100852
  • Gene Symbol: BMAL1 (ENSG00000133794)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133794
  • Gene Symbol: ASPH (ENSG00000198363)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198363
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN2 (ENSG00000077522)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000077522
  • Gene Symbol: AP2B1 (ENSG00000006125)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000006125
  • Gene Symbol: AMY2B (ENSG00000240038)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000240038
  • Gene Symbol: ABL2 (ENSG00000143322)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143322
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA3 (ENSG00000167972)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167972
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY3 (ENSG00000138031)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138031
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
  • Gene Symbol: AP2A2 (ENSG00000183020)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183020
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY5 (ENSG00000173175)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173175
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA4 (ENSG00000196975)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196975
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY8 (ENSG00000155897)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155897
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH3A2 (ENSG00000072210)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072210
  • Gene Symbol: ATM (ENSG00000149311)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149311
  • Gene Symbol: ABL1 (ENSG00000097007)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000097007
  • Gene Symbol: APBB1 (ENSG00000166313)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166313
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA6 (ENSG00000197043)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197043
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR1B (ENSG00000135503)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135503
  • Gene Symbol: ACO2 (ENSG00000100412)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100412
  • Gene Symbol: ACADM (ENSG00000117054)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117054
  • Gene Symbol: AP1G1 (ENSG00000166747)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166747
  • Gene Symbol: BIN1 (ENSG00000136717)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136717
  • Gene Symbol: ARRB1 (ENSG00000137486)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137486
  • Gene Symbol: ACVR2A (ENSG00000121989)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121989
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ACADSB (ENSG00000196177)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196177
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: ARNT (ENSG00000143437)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143437
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: ADARB1 (ENSG00000197381)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197381
  • Gene Symbol: AP1B1 (ENSG00000100280)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100280
  • Gene Symbol: ACAT1 (ENSG00000075239)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075239
  • Gene Symbol: ADSS2 (ENSG00000035687)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000035687
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: TRIM23 (ENSG00000113595)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113595
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: AARS1 (ENSG00000090861)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090861
  • Gene Symbol: AP2A1 (ENSG00000196961)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196961
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: AGL (ENSG00000162688)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162688
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ARF3 (ENSG00000134287)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134287
  • Gene Symbol: ABCD2 (ENSG00000173208)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173208
  • Gene Symbol: ABCB7 (ENSG00000131269)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131269
  • Gene Symbol: ARL3 (ENSG00000138175)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138175
  • Gene Symbol: ADORA1 (ENSG00000163485)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163485
  • Gene Symbol: APLP1 (ENSG00000105290)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105290
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: XIAP (ENSG00000101966)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101966
  • Gene Symbol: STS (ENSG00000101846)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101846
  • Gene Symbol: AKT2 (ENSG00000105221)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105221
  • Gene Symbol: ATF1 (ENSG00000123268)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123268
  • Gene Symbol: ARSB (ENSG00000113273)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113273
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A4 (ENSG00000151729)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151729
  • Gene Symbol: ADRA1B (ENSG00000170214)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170214
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA2 (ENSG00000107331)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107331
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY6 (ENSG00000174233)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174233
  • Gene Symbol: AMFR (ENSG00000159461)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159461
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ZFHX3 (ENSG00000140836)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140836
  • Gene Symbol: ACAA1 (ENSG00000060971)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000060971
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: AK2 (ENSG00000004455)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004455
  • Gene Symbol: BIRC2 (ENSG00000110330)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110330
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOC (ENSG00000109107)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109107
  • Gene Symbol: ADCYAP1R1 (ENSG00000078549)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078549
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** * **Location**: The L5 ET neuron is found in the deeper portion of layer 5 of the cerebral cortex. * **Axonal Projections**: The L5 ET neuron has long-range axonal projections that extend beyond the telencephalon and, in some cases, the spinal cord. * **Size**: The L5 ET neuron is typically the largest excitatory cortical neuron. * **Dendritic Structure**: The L5 ET neuron has a thick apical dendrite with a prominent dendritic tuft in layer 1. * **Physiological Characteristics**: The L5 ET neuron exhibits burst-firing physiological characteristics. * **Transcriptomic Profile**: The L5 ET neuron has a unique transcriptomic profile that distinguishes it from other glutamatergic neurons. **Clinical Significance** The L5 ET neuron plays a crucial role in various cognitive and motor functions, including: * **Learning and Memory**: The L5 ET neuron is involved in the formation and consolidation of memories. * **Motor Control**: The L5 ET neuron is involved in the regulation of motor functions, including movement and coordination. * **Cognitive Functions**: The L5 ET neuron is involved in various cognitive functions, including attention, perception, and decision-making. * **Neurological Disorders**: The L5 ET neuron is implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. In addition, the L5 ET neuron is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. For example, modulation of the L5 ET neuron's activity has been shown to improve cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. **Synonyms** * Subcerebral projection (SCPN) neuron * Pyramidal tract-like (PT-l) neuron * Burst-firing layer 5 neuron * Thick-tufted layer 5 (TTL5) pyramidal neuron * Pyramidal tract (PT) neuron * L5b neuron **Gene Expression** The L5 ET neuron is characterized by the expression of several genes, including: * ASIC2 * ANK2 * ASTN1 * APBA2 * ADD2 * AMPH * ADCY1 These genes are involved in various cellular processes, including ion channel function, protein localization, and signaling pathways. **Pathways and Ontologies** The L5 ET neuron is involved in various signaling pathways and ontologies, including: * Cellular response to acidic pH * Cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus * Central nervous system development * Chemical synaptic transmission * Dendritic spine * Detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception * Establishment of localization in cell * Inorganic cation transmembrane transport * Ion channel transport * Ligand-gated sodium channel activity * Monoatomic ion-gated channel activity * Negative regulation of apoptotic process * Neuronal cell body * Peripheral nervous system development * Phototransduction * Plasma membrane * Positive regulation of synapse assembly * Protein binding * Protein localization to synapse * Regulation of membrane potential * Regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport * Regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback * Regulation of vasoconstriction * Sensory perception of sound * Sensory perception of sour taste * Sodium ion transmembrane transport * Stimuli-sensing channels * Synapse assembly * Transport of small molecules * Voltage-gated sodium channel activity These pathways and ontologies highlight the L5 ET neuron's role in various cellular processes and signaling pathways that are essential for normal brain function.