Details for: AGR2

Gene ID: 10551

Symbol: AGR2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106541

Description: anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member

Associated with

  • Digestive tract morphogenesis
    (GO:0048546)
  • Dystroglycan binding
    (GO:0002162)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
    (GO:0005783)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor binding
    (GO:0005154)
  • Extracellular region
    (GO:0005576)
  • Extracellular space
    (GO:0005615)
  • Identical protein binding
    (GO:0042802)
  • Inflammatory response
    (GO:0006954)
  • Lung goblet cell differentiation
    (GO:0060480)
  • Mucus secretion
    (GO:0070254)
  • Positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
    (GO:0010811)
  • Positive regulation of developmental growth
    (GO:0048639)
  • Positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
    (GO:0045742)
  • Positive regulation of gene expression
    (GO:0010628)
  • Positive regulation of ire1-mediated unfolded protein response
    (GO:1903896)
  • Positive regulation of perk-mediated unfolded protein response
    (GO:1903899)
  • Positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
    (GO:1903078)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
    (GO:0034976)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 4.62
    Marker Score: 29,453
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 4.12
    Marker Score: 7,515
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 3.79
    Marker Score: 8,602
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 3.77
    Marker Score: 3,612
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 3.59
    Marker Score: 26,736
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 3.27
    Marker Score: 2,186
  • Cell Name: tracheobronchial goblet cell (CL0019003)
    Fold Change: 3.26
    Marker Score: 895
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 3.2
    Marker Score: 110,853
  • Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
    Fold Change: 3.17
    Marker Score: 1,566
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 3.15
    Marker Score: 27,393
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Marker Score: 14,688
  • Cell Name: malignant cell (CL0001064)
    Fold Change: 2.98
    Marker Score: 40,005
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Marker Score: 9,331
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 2.95
    Marker Score: 7,001
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 2.86
    Marker Score: 4,601
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Marker Score: 2,202
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 2.63
    Marker Score: 9,031
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 2.51
    Marker Score: 9,683
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 2.51
    Marker Score: 2,928
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: 2.49
    Marker Score: 4,734
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: 2.47
    Marker Score: 782
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 2.45
    Marker Score: 3,604
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Marker Score: 3,851
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 2.39
    Marker Score: 2,514
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: 2.38
    Marker Score: 12,508
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 2.36
    Marker Score: 681
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 15,090
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 969
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Marker Score: 781
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Marker Score: 713
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Marker Score: 3,173
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 950
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 2,006
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 912
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 2,099
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Marker Score: 1,006
  • Cell Name: mucus secreting cell (CL0000319)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 429
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 1,464
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 1,095
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 311
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Marker Score: 816
  • Cell Name: IgA plasma cell (CL0000987)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 1,330
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium proper of ileum (CL1000342)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Marker Score: 434
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 787
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 345
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 963
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 620
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 20,151
  • Cell Name: lung goblet cell (CL1000143)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 361
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 685
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 337
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 812
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 431
  • Cell Name: epithelial fate stem cell (CL0000036)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 328
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 239
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 283
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 218
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 930
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 266
  • Cell Name: large intestine goblet cell (CL1000320)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 277
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 541
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 727
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,744
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47,970
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,402
  • Cell Name: type L enteroendocrine cell (CL0002279)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 265
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 982
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 497
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 452
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 426
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,410
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 1,046
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,526
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,661
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5,310
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,730
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 320
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,269
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 1,756
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 2,175
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 3,563
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 641
  • Cell Name: pulmonary ionocyte (CL0017000)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 512
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 434
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle epithelial cell (CL1000909)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 511
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 1,037
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 828
  • Cell Name: natural T-regulatory cell (CL0000903)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 406
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 390
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 3,129
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 1,817
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 534
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 471
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 286
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 473
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 635
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 177
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 280
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 309

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** AGR2 is a member of the protein disulphide isomerase family, which catalyzes the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds in proteins. This function is crucial for proper protein folding and stability. AGR2 is specifically expressed in epithelial cells, where it influences various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. The gene's expression is tightly regulated, with significant levels observed in goblet cells, which are specialized epithelial cells responsible for producing mucus in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. **Pathways and Functions:** AGR2 is involved in several key signaling pathways, including: 1. **Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling Pathway:** AGR2 positively regulates EGFR signaling, which is critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. 2. **Unfolded Protein Response (UPR):** AGR2 enhances the UPR, a cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ensuring proper protein folding and preventing ER dysfunction. 3. **Cell-Substrate Adhesion:** AGR2 promotes cell-substrate adhesion, which is essential for maintaining tissue integrity and preventing epithelial dysfunction. 4. **Mucus Secretion:** AGR2 is involved in regulating mucus production in goblet cells, which is critical for maintaining respiratory and gastrointestinal homeostasis. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of the AGR2 gene has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Respiratory Disorders:** AGR2 deficiency has been linked to respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, characterized by impaired goblet cell function and mucus secretion. 2. **Gastrointestinal Disorders:** Abnormal AGR2 expression has been observed in gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which are characterized by epithelial dysfunction and impaired mucus production. 3. **Cancer:** AGR2 has been identified as a potential oncogene, with its overexpression associated with cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, the AGR2 gene plays a critical role in regulating epithelial cell function and homeostasis, with its dysregulation contributing to various diseases. Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms underlying AGR2's functions and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target for diseases characterized by epithelial dysfunction.

Genular Protein ID: 3266025709

Symbol: AGR2_HUMAN

Name: Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O95994

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 EPD 1 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 17 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 5 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9790916

Title: hAG-2, the human homologue of the Xenopus laevis cement gland gene XAG-2, is coexpressed with estrogen receptor in breast cancer cell lines.

PubMed ID: 9790916

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9440

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

PubMed ID: 12592373

Title: hAG-2 and hAG-3, human homologues of genes involved in differentiation, are associated with oestrogen receptor-positive breast tumours and interact with metastasis gene C4.4a and dystroglycan.

PubMed ID: 12592373

DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600740

PubMed ID: 15834940

Title: AGR2, an androgen-inducible secretory protein overexpressed in prostate cancer.

PubMed ID: 15834940

DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20188

PubMed ID: 18199544

Title: The adenocarcinoma-associated antigen, AGR2, promotes tumor growth, cell migration, and cellular transformation.

PubMed ID: 18199544

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2930

PubMed ID: 19359471

Title: The protein disulfide isomerase AGR2 is essential for production of intestinal mucus.

PubMed ID: 19359471

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808722106

PubMed ID: 23274113

Title: Metastasis-promoting anterior gradient 2 protein has a dimeric thioredoxin fold structure and a role in cell adhesion.

PubMed ID: 23274113

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.12.009

PubMed ID: 34952832

Title: A disorder clinically resembling cystic fibrosis caused by biallelic variants in the AGR2 gene.

PubMed ID: 34952832

DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108150

PubMed ID: 34237462

Title: Human AGR2 Deficiency Causes Mucus Barrier Dysfunction and Infantile Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

PubMed ID: 34237462

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 175
  • Mass: 19979
  • Checksum: F271B1BD377BEE11
  • Sequence:
    • MEKIPVSAFL LLVALSYTLA RDTTVKPGAK KDTKDSRPKL PQTLSRGWGD QLIWTQTYEE 
ALYKSKTSNK PLMIIHHLDE CPHSQALKKV FAENKEIQKL AEQFVLLNLV YETTDKHLSP 
DGQYVPRIMF VDPSLTVRAD ITGRYSNRLY AYEPADTALL LDNMKKALKL LKTEL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.