Details for: GNLY

Gene ID: 10578

Symbol: GNLY

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115523

Description: granulysin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: NKp46-positive innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001076)
    Fold Change: 5.51
    Marker Score: 16,073
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: 4.53
    Marker Score: 12,522
  • Cell Name: mature gamma-delta T cell (CL0000800)
    Fold Change: 3.99
    Marker Score: 12,603
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated (CL0001062)
    Fold Change: 3.74
    Marker Score: 5,513
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 3.25
    Marker Score: 1,404
  • Cell Name: intraepithelial lymphocyte (CL0002496)
    Fold Change: 3.21
    Marker Score: 3,570
  • Cell Name: CD56-positive, CD161-positive immature natural killer cell, human (CL0002338)
    Fold Change: 3.21
    Marker Score: 1,056
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: 3.04
    Marker Score: 1,675
  • Cell Name: ILC1, human (CL0001077)
    Fold Change: 2.76
    Marker Score: 701
  • Cell Name: double negative T regulatory cell (CL0011024)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Marker Score: 2,040
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Marker Score: 2,876
  • Cell Name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human (CL0000939)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 1,513
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human (CL0001049)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Marker Score: 420
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 3,234
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Marker Score: 943
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Marker Score: 790
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Marker Score: 17,714
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 1,414
  • Cell Name: central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000907)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 3,159
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 839
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 1,021
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 1,555
  • Cell Name: mucosal invariant T cell (CL0000940)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 1,059
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 359
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 1,431
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 4,777
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 11,022
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 2,254
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 17,325
  • Cell Name: memory T cell (CL0000813)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 453
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 530
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,773
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47,997
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,404
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 497
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 451
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 395
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 4,095
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,408
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,503
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 5,227
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell (CL0000794)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 806
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 365
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,728
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 661
  • Cell Name: gamma-delta T cell (CL0000798)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 598
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 1,742
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 318
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 1,601
  • Cell Name: CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human (CL0000938)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 718
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,281
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell (CL0000934)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 745
  • Cell Name: exhausted T cell (CL0011025)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 479
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 381
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 375
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 605
  • Cell Name: naive regulatory T cell (CL0002677)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 239
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 570
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 4,954
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1,246
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 273
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 684
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 387
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 1,160
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 451
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 329
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 175
  • Cell Name: T-helper 22 cell (CL0001042)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 2,852
  • Cell Name: immature B cell (CL0000816)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 434
  • Cell Name: memory regulatory T cell (CL0002678)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 545
  • Cell Name: type I NK T cell (CL0000921)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 498
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 645
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 364
  • Cell Name: intermediate monocyte (CL0002393)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 216
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 1,745
  • Cell Name: follicular B cell (CL0000843)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 645
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 306
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 437
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 238
  • Cell Name: unswitched memory B cell (CL0000970)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 330
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 443
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 244
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000897)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 309
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 342
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 682
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 1,274
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 25,855
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 293
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 150
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 124
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 5,243
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 2,848
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 227
  • Cell Name: T follicular helper cell (CL0002038)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 358
  • Cell Name: group 3 innate lymphoid cell (CL0001071)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 244
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 388

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Granulysin is a 25-amino acid peptide, primarily expressed in innate lymphoid cells (ILC), natural killer (NK) cells, and certain subsets of T cells. Its expression is tightly regulated, with significant variations in different tissues and immune cell types. Granulysin's unique structure, comprising a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a hydrophilic extracellular domain, allows it to interact with microbial surfaces and trigger a range of immune responses. Its antimicrobial properties are mediated by its ability to disrupt microbial membranes and induce cell lysis. **Pathways and Functions:** Granulysin's antimicrobial activity is thought to be mediated through several pathways, including: 1. **Membrane disruption**: Granulysin's hydrophobic transmembrane domain allows it to interact with microbial membranes, leading to membrane disruption and cell lysis. 2. **Cell surface binding**: Granulysin's extracellular domain enables it to bind to microbial surfaces, facilitating the recognition and targeting of pathogens. 3. **Phagocytosis**: Granulysin may also modulate phagocytic activity by interacting with phagocytic receptors, enhancing the clearance of pathogens. 4. **Cytokine secretion**: Granulysin is expressed by certain T cell subsets, which can lead to the secretion of cytokines that regulate the immune response. **Clinical Significance:** Granulysin's role in the innate immune response has significant implications for our understanding of various diseases, including: 1. **Infectious diseases**: Granulysin's antimicrobial activity may contribute to the clearance of pathogens in infections, such as bacterial and fungal infections. 2. **Autoimmune diseases**: Aberrant granulysin expression has been implicated in autoimmune conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. **Cancer**: Granulysin's ability to modulate immune responses may be exploited in cancer immunotherapy, targeting tumor-associated immune cells. 4. **Immunodeficiency diseases**: Granulysin deficiency has been linked to increased susceptibility to infections, highlighting the importance of this peptide in maintaining immune homeostasis. In conclusion, granulysin is a multifaceted antimicrobial peptide that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate its mechanisms of action and its role in different immune cell types, as well as its clinical significance in various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 73265538

Symbol: GNLY_HUMAN

Name: Granulysin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P22749 P09325 Q6GU08

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 8 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 1 PIR 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2434598

Title: The isolation and sequence of a novel gene from a human functional T cell line.

PubMed ID: 2434598

DOI: 10.1084/jem.165.3.601

PubMed ID: 2212946

Title: A cDNA clone expressed in natural killer and T cells that likely encodes a secreted protein.

PubMed ID: 2212946

DOI: 10.1084/jem.172.4.1159

PubMed ID: 8423048

Title: Genomic structure of NKG5, a human NK and T cell-specific activation gene.

PubMed ID: 8423048

DOI: 10.1007/bf00216832

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10644038

Title: Granulysin: a novel antimicrobial peptide of cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

PubMed ID: 10644038

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00177-x

PubMed ID: 9756476

Title: An antimicrobial activity of cytolytic T cells mediated by granulysin.

PubMed ID: 9756476

DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5386.121

PubMed ID: 10449094

Title: Biosynthesis of granulysin, a novel cytolytic molecule.

PubMed ID: 10449094

DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(99)00063-2

PubMed ID: 12488100

Title: Granulysin crystal structure and a structure-derived lytic mechanism.

PubMed ID: 12488100

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01234-2

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 145
  • Mass: 16374
  • Checksum: CEC5432FFBDBA1F4
  • Sequence:
    • MATWALLLLA AMLLGNPGLV FSRLSPEYYD LARAHLRDEE KSCPCLAQEG PQGDLLTKTQ 
ELGRDYRTCL TIVQKLKKMV DKPTQRSVSN AATRVCRTGR SRWRDVCRNF MRRYQSRVTQ 
GLVAGETAQQ ICEDLRLCIP STGPL

Genular Protein ID: 2038764857

Symbol: B4E3H9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4E3H9

Database IDs:

ARBA 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 2 GO 1 Gene3D 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 InterPro 4 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PROSITE 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SUPFAM 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 172
  • Mass: 19266
  • Checksum: D3B523F7363C620F
  • Sequence:
    • MATWALLLLA AMLLGNPGLE VSVSPKGKNT SGRESGFGWA IWMEGLVFSR LSPEYYDLAR 
AHLRDEEKSC PCLAQEGPQG DLLTKTQELG RDYRTCLTIV QKLKKMVDKP TQRSVSNAAT 
RVCRTGRSRW RDVCRNFMRR YQSRVTQGLV AGETAQQICE DLRLCIPSTG PL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.