Details for: PAICS

Gene ID: 10606

Symbol: PAICS

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128050

Description: phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: 3.67
    Marker Score: 3,825
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 1,310
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 1.92
    Marker Score: 7,433
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 7,675
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Marker Score: 1,807
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Marker Score: 6,988
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0002371)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 1,850
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 3,570
  • Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 1,749
  • Cell Name: migratory enteric neural crest cell (CL0002607)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 1,529
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 1,696
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 2,652
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 885
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Marker Score: 4,103
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Marker Score: 1,109
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 3,480
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 6,093
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 167,462
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 1,529
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 2,523
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 9,230
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Marker Score: 886
  • Cell Name: primordial germ cell (CL0000670)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Marker Score: 1,762
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 5,171
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 1,474
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 746
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 1,940
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 44,929
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 644
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 859
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 2,603
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 1,813
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 12,678
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 3,060
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 1,663
  • Cell Name: follicular B cell (CL0000843)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 1,348
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian (CL0001066)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 398
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic precursor cell (CL0008001)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 432
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 648
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 13,781
  • Cell Name: large pre-B-II cell (CL0000957)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 3,290
  • Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 585
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 15,348
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4,958
  • Cell Name: preosteoblast (CL0007010)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 324
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 1,739
  • Cell Name: B-1 B cell (CL0000819)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 1,968
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 712
  • Cell Name: cord blood hematopoietic stem cell (CL2000095)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 844
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 2,630
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 754
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 354
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 3,231
  • Cell Name: CD34-positive, CD38-negative hematopoietic stem cell (CL0001024)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 783
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 309
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 5,259
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 398
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 760
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,671
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 47,894
  • Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 490
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 10,038
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 932
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 3,825
  • Cell Name: centrocyte (CL0009111)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 235
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,386
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 357
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 3,672
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 1,077
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,545
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 2,393
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,383
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 502
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 481
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 439
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 629
  • Cell Name: IgG plasmablast (CL0000982)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 254
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 5,449
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 7,893
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 1,180
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 5,215
  • Cell Name: glial cell (CL0000125)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 1,001
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 532
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 14,228
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,717
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 1,458
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 927
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,293
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,581
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 170
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 310
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 1,004
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 270
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 352
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 536
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 529
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 7,241

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Dual enzymatic activity**: PAICS exhibits both phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase activities, which are essential for the de novo synthesis of purines. 2. **Significant expression in various cell types**: PAICS is expressed in erythroid progenitor cells, neural progenitor cells, pro-T cells, placental villous trophoblasts, and other cell types, highlighting its widespread importance in nucleotide biosynthesis. 3. **Conservation across species**: The PAICS gene is conserved across mammals, suggesting its essential role in purine biosynthesis. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **De novo purine biosynthesis**: PAICS is a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of purines, which involves the conversion of ribose-5-phosphate and ATP into inosine monophosphate (IMP). 2. **IMP synthesis**: PAICS catalyzes the formation of IMP from ribose-5-phosphate and ATP, which is a critical step in purine biosynthesis. 3. **Purine nucleotide synthesis**: PAICS contributes to the synthesis of purine nucleotides, such as AMP, GMP, and IMP, which are essential for nucleic acid synthesis and maintenance. 4. **Regulation of nucleotide metabolism**: PAICS is involved in the regulation of nucleotide metabolism, including the control of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Immunological disorders**: PAICS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. 2. **Cancer**: Altered PAICS expression has been observed in certain types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma, suggesting its potential role in tumorigenesis. 3. **Metabolic disorders**: PAICS has been linked to metabolic disorders, such as hyperuricemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. 4. **Neurological disorders**: PAICS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, PAICS plays a crucial role in the de novo synthesis of purines, which is essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and regulation of nucleotide metabolism. Its significance extends to various clinical disorders, including immunological, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying PAICS function and its clinical implications.

Genular Protein ID: 2126882006

Symbol: PUR6_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P22234 E9PDH9 Q68CQ5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 12 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 DrugBank 1 EC 2 EMBL 7 EPD 1 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 15 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HAMAP 2 HGNC 2 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 6 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 Rhea 4 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 2 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2253271

Title: Cloning and sequencing of a human cDNA coding for a multifunctional polypeptide of the purine pathway by complementation of the ade2-101 mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PubMed ID: 2253271

DOI: 10.1007/bf00318209

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2183217

Title: Cloning of three human multifunctional de novo purine biosynthetic genes by functional complementation of yeast mutations.

PubMed ID: 2183217

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.8.2916

PubMed ID: 14654843

Title: Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling.

PubMed ID: 14654843

DOI: 10.1038/nature02166

PubMed ID: 16964243

Title: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization.

PubMed ID: 16964243

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1240

PubMed ID: 17924679

Title: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra.

PubMed ID: 17924679

DOI: 10.1021/pr070152u

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19369195

Title: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.

PubMed ID: 19369195

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800588-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 17224163

Title: Octameric structure of the human bifunctional enzyme PAICS in purine biosynthesis.

PubMed ID: 17224163

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.12.027

PubMed ID: 31600779

Title: PAICS deficiency, a new defect of de novo purine synthesis resulting in multiple congenital anomalies and fatal outcome.

PubMed ID: 31600779

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz237

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 425
  • Mass: 47079
  • Checksum: E08CF19BC8898F29
  • Sequence:
    • MATAEVLNIG KKLYEGKTKE VYELLDSPGK VLLQSKDQIT AGNAARKNHL EGKAAISNKI 
TSCIFQLLQE AGIKTAFTRK CGETAFIAPQ CEMIPIEWVC RRIATGSFLK RNPGVKEGYK 
FYPPKVELFF KDDANNDPQW SEEQLIAAKF CFAGLLIGQT EVDIMSHATQ AIFEILEKSW 
LPQNCTLVDM KIEFGVDVTT KEIVLADVID NDSWRLWPSG DRSQQKDKQS YRDLKEVTPE 
GLQMVKKNFE WVAERVELLL KSESQCRVVV LMGSTSDLGH CEKIKKACGN FGIPCELRVT 
SAHKGPDETL RIKAEYEGDG IPTVFVAVAG RSNGLGPVMS GNTAYPVISC PPLTPDWGVQ 
DVWSSLRLPS GLGCSTVLSP EGSAQFAAQI FGLSNHLVWS KLRASILNTW ISLKQADKKI 
RECNL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.