Details for: CGA

Gene ID: 1081

Symbol: CGA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135346

Description: glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 42.9616
    Cell Significance Index: 1147.1400
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 14.6859
    Cell Significance Index: 91.2500
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 9.5175
    Cell Significance Index: 77.6100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 2.7326
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5100
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.5015
    Cell Significance Index: 36.3700
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.3358
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2000
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.2683
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9100
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 0.2506
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3800
  • Cell Name: embryonic fibroblast (CL2000042)
    Fold Change: 0.2341
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1857
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0674
    Cell Significance Index: 42.1000
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: 0.0552
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2600
  • Cell Name: trophoblast giant cell (CL0002488)
    Fold Change: 0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: 24.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0133
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0179
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0205
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0267
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0389
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0431
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0434
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0512
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0544
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0547
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0553
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.0653
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.0689
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0701
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3000
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0716
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0773
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7500
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0794
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: -0.0908
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0927
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0929
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0934
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2400
  • Cell Name: chondrocyte (CL0000138)
    Fold Change: -0.1006
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: -0.1028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1039
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: -0.1040
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1065
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1109
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1111
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1177
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1210
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: -0.1216
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.1229
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1247
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9700
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.1267
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1302
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1367
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9000
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1382
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1429
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1438
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1522
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1554
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.1622
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0500
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.1629
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.1646
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.1672
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1676
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.1677
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.1762
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.1830
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.1874
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.1907
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.1922
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.1939
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1900
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.1961
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1982
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9800
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.2007
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2600
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.2016
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.2022
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2200
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.2036
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** CGA is a glycoprotein hormone, consisting of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit is responsible for the biological activity of FSH, while the beta subunit is involved in the binding of FSH to its receptor. CGA is highly conserved across species, with high sequence identity to homologous genes in other mammals. This suggests that CGA plays a fundamental role in the evolution of reproductive physiology. The CGA gene is also subject to post-translational modifications, including N-glycosylation and phosphorylation, which regulate its activity and stability. **Pathways and Functions** CGA plays a central role in the FSH signaling pathway, which regulates various physiological processes, including: 1. **Follicle-stimulating hormone activity**: CGA is essential for the biological activity of FSH, which stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. 2. **Gonadotropin complex**: CGA is a component of the FSH complex, which is secreted by the pituitary gland and regulates gonadal function. 3. **Androgen biosynthesis**: CGA regulates the expression of genes involved in androgen biosynthesis, including the CYP17 gene. 4. **Thyroid hormone generation**: CGA is involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone generation, particularly through its interaction with the TSH receptor. CGA also plays a role in other cellular processes, including: 1. **Cell migration**: CGA regulates the expression of genes involved in cell migration, including the VEGF receptor. 2. **Cell population proliferation**: CGA influences the proliferation of cells in various tissues, including the placenta and brain. 3. **Signaling by GPCRs**: CGA is a ligand for GPCRs, which regulate various physiological processes, including hormone secretion and cell signaling. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of CGA has been implicated in various reproductive and endocrine disorders, including: 1. **Infertility**: Abnormalities in CGA expression or function have been linked to infertility in both men and women. 2. **Thyroid disorders**: CGA plays a role in the regulation of thyroid hormone generation, and abnormalities in CGA expression or function have been implicated in thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism. 3. **Cancer**: CGA has been identified as a potential biomarker for certain types of cancer, including ovarian and breast cancer. In conclusion, CGA is a critical component of the FSH signaling pathway, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various reproductive and endocrine disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of CGA in human physiology and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3294534032

Symbol: GLHA_HUMAN

Name: Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 481597

Title: Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin.

PubMed ID: 481597

DOI: 10.1038/281351a0

PubMed ID: 8196184

Title: Structure and regulation of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) gene.

PubMed ID: 8196184

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 6286817

Title: The gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones.

PubMed ID: 6286817

PubMed ID: 7462224

Title: The amino acid sequences of the prepeptides contained in the alpha and beta subunits of human choriogonadotropin.

PubMed ID: 7462224

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69881-9

PubMed ID: 890569

Title: Human pituitary thyrotropin. The primary structure of the alpha and beta subunits.

PubMed ID: 890569

DOI: 10.1139/o77-108

PubMed ID: 5065401

Title: Human pituitary interstitial cell stimulating hormone: primary structure of the alpha-subunit.

PubMed ID: 5065401

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90380-4

PubMed ID: 1158880

Title: Primary amino acid sequence of follicle-stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. I. alpha subunit.

PubMed ID: 1158880

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40994-0

PubMed ID: 4835135

Title: Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): first proposal for the amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit (hFSHa) and first demonstration of its identity with the alpha-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLHa).

PubMed ID: 4835135

DOI: 10.1210/jcem-39-1-199

PubMed ID: 1150658

Title: The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit.

PubMed ID: 1150658

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41303-3

PubMed ID: 4745444

Title: Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit.

PubMed ID: 4745444

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43424-8

PubMed ID: 6774759

Title: Studies on the disulfide bonds in human pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone.

PubMed ID: 6774759

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(80)90084-7

PubMed ID: 7410374

Title: Assignment of disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin.

PubMed ID: 7410374

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43527-2

PubMed ID: 1991473

Title: NMR investigations of the N-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of human lutropin.

PubMed ID: 1991473

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15702.x

PubMed ID: 2494176

Title: Expression of biologically active human follitropin in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PubMed ID: 2494176

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83656-0

PubMed ID: 8202136

Title: Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin.

PubMed ID: 8202136

DOI: 10.1038/369455a0

PubMed ID: 8898911

Title: NMR studies of the free alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Structural influences of N-glycosylation and the beta subunit on the conformation of the alpha subunit.

PubMed ID: 8898911

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0229t.x

PubMed ID: 15662415

Title: Structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone in complex with its receptor.

PubMed ID: 15662415

DOI: 10.1038/nature03206

PubMed ID: 24692546

Title: Evidence for follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as a functional trimer.

PubMed ID: 24692546

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549592

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 116
  • Mass: 13075
  • Checksum: F0623CD8CC90CFCD
  • Sequence:
  • MDYYRKYAAI FLVTLSVFLH VLHSAPDVQD CPECTLQENP FFSQPGAPIL QCMGCCFSRA 
    YPTPLRSKKT MLVQKNVTSE STCCVAKSYN RVTVMGGFKV ENHTACHCST CYYHKS

Genular Protein ID: 2593547026

Symbol: A0A087WYZ4_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 147
  • Mass: 16306
  • Checksum: AEE3CD031FEF95AE
  • Sequence:
  • MDYYRKYAAI FLVTLSVFLH VLHSAPDVQE TGFHHVAQAA LKLLSSSNPP TKASQSARIT 
    DCPECTLQEN PFFSQPGAPI LQCMGCCFSR AYPTPLRSKK TMLVQKNVTS ESTCCVAKSY 
    NRVTVMGGFK VENHTACHCS TCYYHKS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.