Details for: PAPOLA

Gene ID: 10914

Symbol: PAPOLA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000090060

Description: poly(A) polymerase alpha

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 3.16
    Marker Score: 7,728
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Marker Score: 2,992
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 2.78
    Marker Score: 94,683
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Marker Score: 2,184
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Marker Score: 2,280
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 2.46
    Marker Score: 587
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 2.45
    Marker Score: 1,424
  • Cell Name: IgG-negative class switched memory B cell (CL0002117)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Marker Score: 2,397
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: 2.36
    Marker Score: 1,058
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 80,876
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 2,806
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 2,436
  • Cell Name: B-1 B cell (CL0000819)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 4,030
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Marker Score: 20,005
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Marker Score: 938
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Marker Score: 956
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 912
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Marker Score: 1,397
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Marker Score: 780
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Marker Score: 4,845
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Marker Score: 2,119
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Marker Score: 6,060
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Marker Score: 1,951
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Marker Score: 2,506
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Marker Score: 3,082
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Marker Score: 8,544
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Marker Score: 1,083
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Marker Score: 3,828
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Marker Score: 1,984
  • Cell Name: type I NK T cell (CL0000921)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 1,690
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 3,090
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 2,774
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Marker Score: 10,527
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Marker Score: 28,207
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Marker Score: 18,382
  • Cell Name: CD38-negative naive B cell (CL0002102)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Marker Score: 4,460
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Marker Score: 1,607
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Marker Score: 8,180
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Marker Score: 21,405
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Marker Score: 1,002
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Marker Score: 117,825
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 79,539
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 4,371
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive helper T cell (CL0000492)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 2,275
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 812
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 31,211
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Marker Score: 453
  • Cell Name: immature B cell (CL0000816)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Marker Score: 1,368
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Marker Score: 716
  • Cell Name: IgG memory B cell (CL0000979)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Marker Score: 1,243
  • Cell Name: IgG plasmablast (CL0000982)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Marker Score: 567
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Marker Score: 15,755
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Marker Score: 1,226
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Marker Score: 759
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Marker Score: 3,401
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Marker Score: 5,714
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 1,387
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 2,991
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 17,785
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Marker Score: 15,789
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Marker Score: 2,364
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 2,029
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 1,148
  • Cell Name: bronchial epithelial cell (CL0002328)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 533
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 867
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 1,368
  • Cell Name: cardiac mesenchymal cell (CL0000569)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 494
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 563
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 4,555
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 5,924
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 5,029
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 1,507
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of prostate (CL1000299)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 495
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 3,374
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Marker Score: 453
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Marker Score: 486
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 563
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 2,087
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 3,749
  • Cell Name: prostate stromal cell (CL0002622)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 495
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 913
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 1,767
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 39,195
  • Cell Name: large pre-B-II cell (CL0000957)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 5,319
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Marker Score: 6,702
  • Cell Name: starburst amacrine cell (CL0004232)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 552
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 1,295
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 1,224
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 5,197
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 510
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 1,411
  • Cell Name: lung neuroendocrine cell (CL1000223)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 546
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 19,168
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human (CL0001058)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 509
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 21,765
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 599
  • Cell Name: S cone cell (CL0003050)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 580
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 7,452
  • Cell Name: sebaceous gland cell (CL2000021)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 590
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 71,027

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Poly(A) polymerase activity**: PAPOLA is a poly(A) polymerase that catalyzes the addition of a poly(A) tail to the 3'-end of pre-mRNA, a process known as polyadenylation. 2. **RNA processing**: PAPOLA is involved in the processing of both capped and uncapped pre-mRNAs, including intron-containing and intronless pre-mRNAs. 3. **Cell-type specific expression**: PAPOLA is expressed in a variety of cell types, including basal cells of prostate epithelium, skeletal muscle satellite stem cells, and fibroblasts of mammary gland and connective tissue of prostate. 4. **Conservation across species**: The PAPOLA gene is conserved across species, suggesting its essential role in RNA processing and cellular homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing**: PAPOLA is involved in the co-transcriptional processing of pre-mRNA, where it adds a poly(A) tail to the 3'-end of the mRNA. 2. **Cleavage and polyadenylation pathway**: PAPOLA is part of the cleavage and polyadenylation pathway, where it catalyzes the cleavage of pre-mRNA and the addition of a poly(A) tail. 3. **RNA binding**: PAPOLA binds to RNA, facilitating its processing and export from the nucleus. 4. **Molecular interactions**: PAPOLA interacts with other proteins, including the poly(A) binding protein (PABP) and the cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CstF), to regulate RNA processing. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Cancer**: Alterations in PAPOLA expression have been implicated in various cancers, including prostate cancer, where it may contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. 2. **Neurological disorders**: PAPOLA has been linked to neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), where it may play a role in RNA processing and neurodegeneration. 3. **Immune system dysregulation**: PAPOLA has been shown to be expressed in immune cells, including B cells and granulocytes, where it may contribute to immune system dysregulation and autoimmune diseases. 4. **Gene therapy**: PAPOLA has been identified as a potential target for gene therapy, where it may be used to regulate RNA processing and treat diseases associated with aberrant RNA processing. In conclusion, the PAPOLA gene plays a crucial role in RNA processing and is widely expressed in various cell types. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and immune system dysregulation. Further research is needed to fully understand the function of PAPOLA and its implications for human health.

Genular Protein ID: 1825218062

Symbol: PAPOA_HUMAN

Name: Poly(A) polymerase alpha

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8302877

Title: Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells.

PubMed ID: 8302877

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.3.979

PubMed ID: 15169763

Title: Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization.

PubMed ID: 15169763

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403927200

PubMed ID: 14749727

Title: Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase.

PubMed ID: 14749727

DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600070

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19224921

Title: Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation.

PubMed ID: 19224921

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807136200

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 745
  • Mass: 82843
  • Checksum: 14A00CCCDAD9B374
  • Sequence:
  • MPFPVTTQGS QQTQPPQKHY GITSPISLAA PKETDCVLTQ KLIETLKPFG VFEEEEELQR 
    RILILGKLNN LVKEWIREIS ESKNLPQSVI ENVGGKIFTF GSYRLGVHTK GADIDALCVA 
    PRHVDRSDFF TSFYDKLKLQ EEVKDLRAVE EAFVPVIKLC FDGIEIDILF ARLALQTIPE 
    DLDLRDDSLL KNLDIRCIRS LNGCRVTDEI LHLVPNIDNF RLTLRAIKLW AKRHNIYSNI 
    LGFLGGVSWA MLVARTCQLY PNAIASTLVH KFFLVFSKWE WPNPVLLKQP EECNLNLPVW 
    DPRVNPSDRY HLMPIITPAY PQQNSTYNVS VSTRMVMVEE FKQGLAITDE ILLSKAEWSK 
    LFEAPNFFQK YKHYIVLLAS APTEKQRLEW VGLVESKIRI LVGSLEKNEF ITLAHVNPQS 
    FPAPKENPDK EEFRTMWVIG LVFKKTENSE NLSVDLTYDI QSFTDTVYRQ AINSKMFEVD 
    MKIAAMHVKR KQLHQLLPNH VLQKKKKHST EGVKLTALND SSLDLSMDSD NSMSVPSPTS 
    ATKTSPLNSS GSSQGRNSPA PAVTAASVTN IQATEVSVPQ VNSSESSGGT SSESIPQTAT 
    QPAISPPPKP TVSRVVSSTR LVNPPPRSSG NAATSGNAAT KIPTPIVGVK RTSSPHKEES 
    PKKTKTEEDE TSEDANCLAL SGHDKTEAKE QLDTETSTTQ SETIQTAASL LASQKTSSTD 
    LSDIPALPAN PIPVIKNSIK LRLNR

Genular Protein ID: 2542931411

Symbol: A0A0C4DGK1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 12508121

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.

PubMed ID: 12508121

DOI: 10.1038/nature01348

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M111.015131

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 238
  • Mass: 27056
  • Checksum: D9409298AF210CD4
  • Sequence:
  • MPFPVTTQGS QQTQPPQKHY GITSPISLAA PKETDCVLTQ KLIETLKPFG VFEEEEELQR 
    RILILGKLNN LVKEWIREIS ESKNLPQSVI ENVGGKIFTF GSYRLGVHTK GADIDALCVA 
    PRHVDRSDFF TSFYDKLKLQ EEVKDLRAVE EAFVPVIKLC FDGIEIDILF ARLALQTIPE 
    DLDLRDDSLL KNLDIRCIRS LNGMRKPTSF CVLQFLSDIS CFYTSFVLKL FIAILLTQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.