Details for: HHLA2

Gene ID: 11148

Symbol: HHLA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000114455

Description: HHLA2 member of B7 family

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: 4.6
    Marker Score: 13,426
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 3.58
    Marker Score: 30,302
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 3.36
    Marker Score: 9,598
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 6,706
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Marker Score: 2,248
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 3,670
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Marker Score: 1,692
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Marker Score: 827
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 4,891
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Marker Score: 170,255
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 2,164
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 6,557
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 418
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,829
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,053
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 512
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 465
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,409
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 1,553
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,245
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,340
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1,745
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2,742
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 328
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 1,727
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 7,776
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 3,042
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,289
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 646
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 316
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 786
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 399
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 502
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 686
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 1,479
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium proper of ileum (CL1000342)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 206
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 180
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 2,858
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 385
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 454
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 266
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 354
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 8,376
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 297
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 245
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 184
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 1,281
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 87
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 163
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 2,245
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 86
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 84
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 314
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 97
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 1,536
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 268
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 133
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 189
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 90
  • Cell Name: oocyte (CL0000023)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 61
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 91
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 100
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 137
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 68
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 65
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 131
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 94
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 134
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 501
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 52
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 85
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 65
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 1,624
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 388
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 257
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: malignant cell (CL0001064)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 2,330
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 181
  • Cell Name: type L enteroendocrine cell (CL0002279)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 46
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 88
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 143
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 301
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 52
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 219
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 132
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 150
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 520
  • Cell Name: lung goblet cell (CL1000143)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 129
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 26
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 163
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 75

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **B7 Family Member:** HHLA2 is a member of the B7 family, which is a group of immune-regulatory molecules that interact with CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors on T cells. 2. **Cellular Expression:** HHLA2 is significantly expressed in various cell types, including retinal bipolar neurons, blood vessel endothelial cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. 3. **Molecular Function:** HHLA2 interacts with CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors, modulating T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. 4. **Pathway Involvement:** HHLA2 is implicated in the regulation of cytokine production, T cell receptor signaling pathways, and the activation of activated T cell proliferation. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **T Cell Costimulation:** HHLA2 interacts with CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors, modulating T cell activation and proliferation. 2. **Positive Regulation of Activated T Cell Proliferation:** HHLA2 enhances T cell proliferation, contributing to immune responses. 3. **Positive Regulation of Cytokine Production:** HHLA2 regulates cytokine production, influencing the development of immune responses. 4. **Signaling Receptor Binding:** HHLA2 interacts with CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors, modulating signaling pathways involved in T cell activation. 5. **Regulation of Cytokine Production:** HHLA2 regulates cytokine production, influencing the development of immune responses. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Autoimmune Diseases:** Altered expression of HHLA2 has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. 2. **Cancer Immunology:** HHLA2's role in T cell activation and cytokine production makes it a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. 3. **Infectious Diseases:** HHLA2's involvement in immune regulation suggests its potential role in the development of infectious diseases. 4. **Retinal Diseases:** HHLA2's expression in retinal cells highlights its potential role in retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. In conclusion, HHLA2 is a critical component of the B7 family, regulating T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Its clinical significance extends to autoimmune diseases, cancer immunology, infectious diseases, and retinal diseases. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the functional significance of HHLA2 and its potential applications in human diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 551190074

Symbol: HHLA2_HUMAN

Name: HERV-H LTR-associating protein 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9UM44 B4DKN2 D3DN60 Q9NWQ6

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 8 Ensembl 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 RefSeq 7 SAM 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10444326

Title: Endogenous retroviruses provide the primary polyadenylation signal for two new human genes (HHLA2 and HHLA3).

PubMed ID: 10444326

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5877

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 23784006

Title: B7-H5 costimulates human T cells via CD28H.

PubMed ID: 23784006

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3043

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 414
  • Mass: 46850
  • Checksum: D645383E1562F70E
  • Sequence:
    • MKAQTALSFF LILITSLSGS QGIFPLAFFI YVPMNEQIVI GRLDEDIILP SSFERGSEVV 
IHWKYQDSYK VHSYYKGSDH LESQDPRYAN RTSLFYNEIQ NGNASLFFRR VSLLDEGIYT 
CYVGTAIQVI TNKVVLKVGV FLTPVMKYEK RNTNSFLICS VLSVYPRPII TWKMDNTPIS 
ENNMEETGSL DSFSINSPLN ITGSNSSYEC TIENSLLKQT WTGRWTMKDG LHKMQSEHVS 
LSCQPVNDYF SPNQDFKVTW SRMKSGTFSV LAYYLSSSQN TIINESRFSW NKELINQSDF 
SMNLMDLNLS DSGEYLCNIS SDEYTLLTIH TVHVEPSQET ASHNKGLWIL VPSAILAAFL 
LIWSVKCCRA QLEARRSRHP ADGAQQERCC VPPGERCPSA PDNGEENVPL SGKV

Genular Protein ID: 3825221832

Symbol: C9J7D0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

C9J7D0

Database IDs:

ARBA 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 2 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 1 Gene3D 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 InterPro 6 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 PANTHER 1 PROSITE 2 PeptideAtlas 2 Pfam 2 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 2 RefSeq 1 SAM 2 SMART 2 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 397
  • Mass: 44977
  • Checksum: C8C28797A2362EE2
  • Sequence:
    • MKAQTALSFF LILITSLSGS QGIFPLAFFI YVPMNEQIVI GRLDEDIILP SSFERGSEVV 
IHWKYQDSYK VHSYYKGSDH LESQDPRYAN RTSLFYNEIQ NGNASLFFRR VSLLDEGIYT 
CYVGTAIQVI TNKVVLKVGV FLTPVMKYEK RNTNSFLICS VLSVYPRPII TWKMDNTPIS 
ENNMEETGSL DSFSINSPLN ITGSNSSYEC TIENSLLKQT WTGRWTMKDG LHKMQSEHVS 
LSCQPVNDYF SPNQDFKVTW SRMKSGTFSV LAYYLSSSQN TIINESRFSW NKELINQSDF 
SMNLMDLNLS DSGEYLCNIS SDEYTLLTIH TVHVEPSQET ASHNKGLWIL VPSAILAAFL 
LIWSVKCCRE RCCVPPGERC PSAPDNGEEN VPLSGKV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.