Details for: AP2M1

Gene ID: 1173

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: AP2M1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161203

Description: adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit mu 1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 79.93
    rCSI 76.94%
    PRS 12.3
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 61.41
    rCSI 55.46%
    PRS 10.51
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 60.1
    rCSI 81.89%
    PRS 10.64
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 59.99
    rCSI 62.7%
    PRS 12.53
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 57.59
    rCSI 38.28%
    PRS 14.18
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 54.4
    rCSI 74.39%
    PRS 19.59
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 48.61
    rCSI 74.1%
    PRS 11.11
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 44.5
    rCSI 55.84%
    PRS 15.13
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 44.07
    rCSI 83.2%
    PRS 14.75
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 39.44
    rCSI 34.15%
    PRS 13.23
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 37.4
    rCSI 39.18%
    PRS 12.69
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 35.78
    rCSI 51.06%
    PRS 13.41
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 35.5
    rCSI 52.77%
    PRS 14.52
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 31.97
    rCSI 49.4%
    PRS 11.15
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 30.02
    rCSI 28.95%
    PRS 8.09
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 29.29
    rCSI 27.03%
    PRS 12.07
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 28.22
    rCSI 22.82%
    PRS 11.73
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 28.02
    rCSI 27.56%
    PRS 12.9
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 27.85
    rCSI 23.09%
    PRS 11.22
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 26.89
    rCSI 22.54%
    PRS 14.25
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 24.62
    rCSI 71.27%
    PRS 13.44
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 22.62
    rCSI 65.16%
    PRS 23.2
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 20.55
    rCSI 33.07%
    PRS 9.14
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 19.34
    rCSI 16.99%
    PRS 13.35
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 17.39
    rCSI 50.4%
    PRS 9.35
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 17.14
    rCSI 25.31%
    PRS 18.69
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 16.35
    rCSI 34.81%
    PRS 19.23
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 15.8
    rCSI 50.68%
    PRS 17.47
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 15.73
    rCSI 14.44%
    PRS 13.58
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 15.49
    rCSI 29.57%
    PRS 28.12
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 15.34
    rCSI 42.16%
    PRS 19.66
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 14.11
    rCSI 16.58%
    PRS 14.03
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 13.97
    rCSI 75.35%
    PRS 22.35
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 13.88
    rCSI 49.28%
    PRS 19.5
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 13.6
    rCSI 79.14%
    PRS 17.89
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 12.57
    rCSI 15.09%
    PRS 11.76
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 11.68
    rCSI 12.23%
    PRS 11.07
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 11.16
    rCSI 19.13%
    PRS 15.92
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 10.94
    rCSI 32.28%
    PRS 14.64
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 10.54
    rCSI 82.59%
    PRS 26.16
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 10.51
    rCSI 15.17%
    PRS 16.55
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 10.14
    rCSI 11.6%
    PRS 24.38
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 9.78
    rCSI 7.53%
    PRS 10.78
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 9.58
    rCSI 38.13%
    PRS 20.87
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 9.52
    rCSI 25.26%
    PRS 19.72
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 9.02
    rCSI 10.15%
    PRS 19.02
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 8.85
    rCSI 18.18%
    PRS 12.17
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 8.74
    rCSI 19.24%
    PRS 18.24
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 8.49
    rCSI 18.76%
    PRS 8.54
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 8.47
    rCSI 46.1%
    PRS 29.47
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 8.24
    rCSI 29.3%
    PRS 37.1
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 8.11
    rCSI 13.08%
    PRS 19.04
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 7.94
    rCSI 6.25%
    PRS 14.11
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 7.93
    rCSI 36.95%
    PRS 28.54
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 7.76
    rCSI 11.93%
    PRS 16.98
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 7.46
    rCSI 16.28%
    PRS 24.08
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 7.41
    rCSI 26%
    PRS 21.54
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 7.34
    rCSI 9.08%
    PRS 10.44
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 7.31
    rCSI 47.97%
    PRS 30.81
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 7.03
    rCSI 30.5%
    PRS 21.41
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 34.02%
    PRS 16.16
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 7.95%
    PRS 13.73
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 6.19
    rCSI 20.73%
    PRS 8.38
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 6.18
    rCSI 45.17%
    PRS 32.46
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 6.02
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 21.11
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 5.97
    rCSI 11.5%
    PRS 26.62
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 5.95
    rCSI 7.96%
    PRS 22.7
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 5.92
    rCSI 8.19%
    PRS 17.12
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 5.84
    rCSI 4.75%
    PRS 12.58
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 5.79
    rCSI 8.04%
    PRS 12.29
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 39.16%
    PRS 23.37
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 5.47
    rCSI 7.88%
    PRS 19.16
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 5.45
    rCSI 17.54%
    PRS 12.93
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 5.44
    rCSI 10.85%
    PRS 19.77
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 5.27
    rCSI 9.47%
    PRS 9.93
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 5.12
    rCSI 6.84%
    PRS 15.83
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 5.09
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 12.13
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 5.08
    rCSI 14.49%
    PRS 20.64
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 5.07
    rCSI 10.07%
    PRS 12.67
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 4.95
    rCSI 5.05%
    PRS 17
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 10.43%
    PRS 21.04
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 4.65
    rCSI 3.44%
    PRS 10.59
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 4.59
    rCSI 8.67%
    PRS 25.91
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 7.41%
    PRS 13.85
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 4.37
    rCSI 4.07%
    PRS 11.95
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 4.36
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 15.57
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 4.35
    rCSI 17.72%
    PRS 12.27
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 4.34
    rCSI 5.93%
    PRS 13.18
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 63.4%
    PRS 30.18
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 34.95
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 4.32%
    PRS 10.93
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 3.93
    rCSI 71.83%
    PRS 34.18
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 3.76
    rCSI 9.55%
    PRS 12.11
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 3.75
    rCSI 49.66%
    PRS 38.67
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 3.75
    rCSI 7.43%
    PRS 35.89
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 3.72
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 19.17
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 3.68
    rCSI 6.57%
    PRS 20.18
  • lung endothelial cell CL1001567
    CSI 3.61
    rCSI 8.42%
    PRS 28.74
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 3.58
    rCSI 4.33%
    PRS 13.95
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.49
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 15.55
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI -9.7
    rCSI -8.9%
    PRS 18.1%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI -7.3
    rCSI -8.7%
    PRS 20.6%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI -7.2
    rCSI -13.0%
    PRS 9.7%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI -5.2
    rCSI -6.8%
    PRS 16.6%
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI -4.4
    rCSI -4.1%
    PRS 21.7%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI -3.5
    rCSI -21.6%
    PRS 9.4%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI -3.3
    rCSI -4.9%
    PRS 13.7%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI -2.9
    rCSI -4.5%
    PRS 18.2%
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI -2.9
    rCSI -8.3%
    PRS 14.5%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI -2.6
    rCSI -7.3%
    PRS 11.2%
  • enteroglial cell CL4040002
    CSI -2.6
    rCSI -13.7%
    PRS 22.2%
  • skeletal muscle satellite cell CL0000594
    CSI -2.2
    rCSI -6.3%
    PRS 38.8%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI -1.4
    rCSI -10.1%
    PRS 6.0%
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI -1.4
    rCSI -2.8%
    PRS 18.2%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI -1.3
    rCSI -1.5%
    PRS 15.9%
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI -0.9
    rCSI -2.6%
    PRS 17.2%
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI -0.9
    rCSI -1.4%
    PRS 36.5%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI -0.7
    rCSI -1.5%
    PRS 7.3%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI -0.3
    rCSI -0.4%
    PRS 12.6%
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI -0.2
    rCSI -0.9%
    PRS 35.2%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI -0.1
    rCSI -0.1%
    PRS 20.4%
  • antibody secreting cell CL0000946
    CSI -0.1
    rCSI -0.4%
    PRS 47.1%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI -0.1
    rCSI -0.2%
    PRS 10.1%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.0%
    PRS 10.7%
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.2%
    PRS 35.1%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.1%
    PRS 10.3%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.1%
    PRS 6.4%
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.0%
    PRS 19.9%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 20.4%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 17.4%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.2%
    PRS 8.6%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 10.1%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 8.2%
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 38.2%
  • natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 32.7%
  • osteoblast CL0000062
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 73.4%
  • myelocyte CL0002193
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 38.1%
  • IgM plasma cell CL0000986
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 53.4%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 7.0%
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 4.4%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 11.1%
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 16.7%
  • Merkel cell CL0000242
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 68.8%
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 9.3%
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 6.2%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 46.8%
  • eye photoreceptor cell CL0000287
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 30.7%
  • follicular dendritic cell CL0000442
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 57.6%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.4%
    PRS 11.7%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 23.3%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 12.4%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 8.6%
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 47.7%
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 23.9%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 15.5%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 6.8%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 24.7%
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 6.0%
  • CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 44.9%
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 40.7%
  • brush cell CL0002204
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 31.6%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 7.3%
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 46.1%
  • neuroplacodal cell CL0000032
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 35.6%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 11.6%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 24.7%
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 47.9%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 14.6%
  • B-1 B cell CL0000819
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 55.0%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 26.6%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 20.9%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 15.9%
  • lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 38.0%
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 16.5%
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 24.9%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 17.8%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 21.4%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 4.7%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 10.2%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 28.8%
  • tendon cell CL0000388
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 32.6%
  • uterine smooth muscle cell CL0002601
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 63.3%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 20.1%
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 43.6%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 12.2%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 7.5%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 18.2%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 24.6%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 17.5%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 12.5%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 37.4%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 29.6%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 12.2%
  • epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 48.8%
  • CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 41.4%
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 35.0%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 7.1%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 6.8%
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 17.2%
  • endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 18.8%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) encodes the µ subunit of the Adaptor Protein Complex 2 (AP-2), a core component of the cellular machinery responsible for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This process is fundamental for the internalization of membrane proteins, receptors, and extracellular material. The gene's expression profile suggests a ubiquitous but vital role in cells with high metabolic and signaling activity. **Overall**, [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) shows the highest significance in secretory epithelial cells, various progenitor cell populations, and neurons, underscoring its importance in protein trafficking, cell fate decisions, and synaptic function. Its function is clinically relevant, with associations noted in OMIM ([601024](https://omim.org/entry/601024)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression pattern of [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) highlights its central role in fundamental cellular processes involving high rates of membrane turnover and protein sorting. **Overall**, it is a key marker in cell types characterized by significant secretory or endocytic activity. The highest significance is observed in [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) (CSI: 79.93), [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) (CSI: 59.99), and [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) (CSI: 31.97), consistent with a critical function in nutrient uptake and protein secretion. A second major functional context for [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) is in progenitor and stem cell populations. It is highly significant in [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 61.41), [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 57.59), and [common dendritic progenitor](/details-cell/CL0001029) (CSI: 44.50). This suggests that the precise regulation of receptor internalization via AP-2 is crucial for maintaining pluripotency and directing differentiation pathways in these lineages. Furthermore, [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) displays notable significance within the nervous system, particularly in [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032) (CSI: 60.10) and retinal cells like [OFF-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000750) (CSI: 54.40) and [retina horizontal cell](/details-cell/CL0000745) (CSI: 48.61). This aligns with its established role in synaptic vesicle recycling and neurotransmitter receptor trafficking. Conversely, [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) is a strong anti-marker in several terminally differentiated cell types, particularly mature lymphocytes. Its significance is notably low in [effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000913) (CSI: -9.73) and [CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell](/details-cell/CL0000794) (CSI: -7.28). This suggests that these highly specialized effector cells may rely on different endocytic pathways or have a lower requirement for the canonical AP-2-mediated internalization, perhaps to stabilize key surface receptors required for their function. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) functions as a central component of the [AP-2 adaptor complex](/details-go/GO:0030122), which acts as a bridge between cargo proteins in the plasma membrane and the clathrin coat. This is reflected in its molecular function annotations, which include [clathrin adaptor activity](/details-go/GO:0035615) and binding to various molecular partners such as lipids ([lipid binding](/details-go/GO:0008289)) and transmembrane proteins ([transmembrane transporter binding](/details-go/GO:0044325)). Research has shown that phosphorylation of the AP2 µ subunit is a key regulatory step mediating high-affinity binding to cargo sorting signals [Link](https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200111068). The biological processes involving [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) are dominated by [clathrin-dependent endocytosis](/details-go/GO:0072583) and associated vesicle-mediated transport ([R-HSA-5653656](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5653656)). This core function enables a wide array of physiological pathways: * **Neuronal Function:** It is essential for [synaptic vesicle endocytosis](/details-go/GO:0048488) and the internalization of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors ([GO:0098884](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0098884)), which is critical for maintaining synaptic plasticity and signal transmission ([R-HSA-112315](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-112315)). * **Immune System Regulation:** [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) is implicated in the [adaptive immune system](/details-reactome/R-HSA-1280218), including a role in [MHC class II antigen presentation](/details-reactome/R-HSA-2132295). It is also co-opted during viral pathogenesis, as seen in HIV infection where the Nef protein hijacks the AP-2 complex to downregulate cell surface receptors like CD4 and CD8 ([R-HSA-164938](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-164938)) [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m200522200). * **Metabolism and Signaling:** The gene plays a role in [LDL clearance](/details-reactome/R-HSA-8964038) by mediating the endocytosis of lipoprotein receptors and is involved in the signaling pathways of receptor tyrosine kinases ([R-HSA-9006934](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9006934)) and Wnt ([R-HSA-195721](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-195721)), where receptor internalization is a key step in signal attenuation. ## Research Directions The ubiquitous yet highly regulated role of [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) in fundamental cellular processes makes it a key subject for understanding cellular homeostasis and disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in multiple progenitor cell types ([hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037), [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050)) and its core function in receptor internalization, it is hypothesized that **[AP2M1](/details-gene/1173)-dependent endocytosis is essential for maintaining stem cell self-renewal and preventing premature differentiation by controlling the surface density of critical developmental receptors like Notch, Wnt, or tyrosine kinase receptors.** 2. The markedly low significance of [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) in effector and memory cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ([effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000913)) suggests a specialized adaptation. We hypothesize that **the downregulation of [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) in cytotoxic T cells is a programmed mechanism to enhance their cytolytic function by increasing the residency time of key effector molecules, such as the T-cell receptor and co-stimulatory receptors, on the cell surface.** **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) in stem cell maintenance, one could employ a CRISPR-Cas9 or shRNA-based approach to knock down its expression in primary human [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)s. The functional consequences would be assessed using *in vitro* colony-forming unit (CFU) assays to measure differentiation potential across myeloid and erythroid lineages. Concurrently, quantitative surface proteomics (e.g., cell surface biotinylation followed by mass spectrometry) could be performed on knockdown and control cells to identify which specific developmental receptor pathways are dysregulated, thereby directly linking the endocytic machinery to cell fate decisions. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a core component of a fundamental cellular process, direct systemic inhibition of [AP2M1](/details-gene/1173) would likely lead to high cellular toxicity, making it a poor candidate for a therapeutic target in conditions like cancer. However, its crucial role in the lifecycle of certain viruses, such as HIV ([R-HSA-162906](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-162906)) and potentially SARS-CoV ([R-HSA-9679506](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9679506)), suggests it could be explored as a host-directed antiviral target. Therapeutic strategies would need to be highly specific, perhaps by developing molecules that disrupt the interaction between a specific viral protein (e.g., Nef) and the AP-2 complex, rather than inhibiting the complex's overall function.

Genular Protein ID: 4071974767

Symbol: AP2M1_HUMAN

Name: AP-2 mu chain

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7788527

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. III. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0081-KIAA0120) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1.

PubMed ID: 7788527

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/2.1.37

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10910768

Title: RLIP76, an effector of the GTPase Ral, interacts with the AP2 complex: involvement of the Ral pathway in receptor endocytosis.

PubMed ID: 10910768

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.16.2837

PubMed ID: 12032142

Title: Subunit H of the V-ATPase binds to the medium chain of adaptor protein complex 2 and connects Nef to the endocytic machinery.

PubMed ID: 12032142

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200522200

PubMed ID: 11877457

Title: Phosphorylation of the AP2 mu subunit by AAK1 mediates high affinity binding to membrane protein sorting signals.

PubMed ID: 11877457

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200111068

PubMed ID: 14745134

Title: Adaptor protein complexes as the key regulators of protein sorting in the post-Golgi network.

PubMed ID: 14745134

DOI: 10.1247/csf.28.419

PubMed ID: 12952941

Title: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis in AP-2-depleted cells.

PubMed ID: 12952941

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200305145

PubMed ID: 12694563

Title: Endocytosis of the viral chemokine receptor US28 does not require beta-arrestins but is dependent on the clathrin-mediated pathway.

PubMed ID: 12694563

DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2003.00079.x

PubMed ID: 15473838

Title: Adaptors for clathrin coats: structure and function.

PubMed ID: 15473838

DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.104543

PubMed ID: 14985334

Title: Analysis of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor by RNA interference.

PubMed ID: 14985334

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c400046200

PubMed ID: 16581796

Title: Clathrin adaptor AP2 regulates thrombin receptor constitutive internalization and endothelial cell resensitization.

PubMed ID: 16581796

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.8.3231-3242.2006

PubMed ID: 17643423

Title: MEGF10 is a mammalian ortholog of CED-1 that interacts with clathrin assembly protein complex 2 medium chain and induces large vacuole formation.

PubMed ID: 17643423

DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.06.015

PubMed ID: 19033387

Title: The adaptor complex AP-2 regulates post-endocytic trafficking through the non-clathrin Arf6-dependent endocytic pathway.

PubMed ID: 19033387

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.033522

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 19419997

Title: The dyslexia-associated protein KIAA0319 interacts with adaptor protein 2 and follows the classical clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway.

PubMed ID: 19419997

DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00630.2008

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23676497

Title: Endocytosis of synaptic ADAM10 in neuronal plasticity and Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 23676497

DOI: 10.1172/jci65401

PubMed ID: 23529131

Title: Oestrogen promotes KCNQ1 potassium channel endocytosis and postendocytic trafficking in colonic epithelium.

PubMed ID: 23529131

DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.251678

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25066864

Title: Lysosome size, motility and stress response regulated by fronto-temporal dementia modifier TMEM106B.

PubMed ID: 25066864

DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.07.006

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 33436498

Title: Cytoplasmic short linear motifs in ACE2 and integrin beta3 link SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptors to mediators of endocytosis and autophagy.

PubMed ID: 33436498

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf1117

PubMed ID: 11583591

Title: Study of the interaction of the medium chain mu 2 subunit of the clathrin-associated adapter protein complex 2 with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and CD28.

PubMed ID: 11583591

DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3590427

PubMed ID: 31104773

Title: A Recurrent Missense Variant in AP2M1 Impairs Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Causes Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy.

PubMed ID: 31104773

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 435
  • Mass: 49655
  • Checksum: 82803219BA279954
  • Sequence:
  • MIGGLFIYNH KGEVLISRVY RDDIGRNAVD AFRVNVIHAR QQVRSPVTNI ARTSFFHVKR 
    SNIWLAAVTK QNVNAAMVFE FLYKMCDVMA AYFGKISEEN IKNNFVLIYE LLDEILDFGY 
    PQNSETGALK TFITQQGIKS QHQTKEEQSQ ITSQVTGQIG WRREGIKYRR NELFLDVLES 
    VNLLMSPQGQ VLSAHVSGRV VMKSYLSGMP ECKFGMNDKI VIEKQGKGTA DETSKSGKQS 
    IAIDDCTFHQ CVRLSKFDSE RSISFIPPDG EFELMRYRTT KDIILPFRVI PLVREVGRTK 
    LEVKVVIKSN FKPSLLAQKI EVRIPTPLNT SGVQVICMKG KAKYKASENA IVWKIKRMAG 
    MKESQISAEI ELLPTNDKKK WARPPISMNF EVPFAPSGLK VRYLKVFEPK LNYSDHDVIK 
    WVRYIGRSGI YETRC

Genular Protein ID: 2330299134

Symbol: E9PFW3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 460
  • Mass: 52304
  • Checksum: B693E3B0195DAC5F
  • Sequence:
  • MIGGLFIYNH KGEVLISRVY RDDIGSRQAA DSAVFSSSGP FPGEWLEANR RNAVDAFRVN 
    VIHARQQVRS PVTNIARTSF FHVKRSNIWL AAVTKQNVNA AMVFEFLYKM CDVMAAYFGK 
    ISEENIKNNF VLIYELLDEI LDFGYPQNSE TGALKTFITQ QGIKSQHQTK EEQSQITSQV 
    TGQIGWRREG IKYRRNELFL DVLESVNLLM SPQGQVLSAH VSGRVVMKSY LSGMPECKFG 
    MNDKIVIEKQ GKGTADETSK SGKQSIAIDD CTFHQCVRLS KFDSERSISF IPPDGEFELM 
    RYRTTKDIIL PFRVIPLVRE VGRTKLEVKV VIKSNFKPSL LAQKIEVRIP TPLNTSGVQV 
    ICMKGKAKYK ASENAIVWKI KRMAGMKESQ ISAEIELLPT NDKKKWARPP ISMNFEVPFA 
    PSGLKVRYLK VFEPKLNYSD HDVIKWVRYI GRSGIYETRC

Genular Protein ID: 2003025599

Symbol: B4DNB9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 460
  • Mass: 52338
  • Checksum: 06D349B013FD0192
  • Sequence:
  • MIGGLFIYNH KGEVLISRVY RDDIGSRQAA DSAVFSSSGP FPGEWLEANR RNAVDAFRVN 
    VIHARQQVRS PVTNIARTSF FHVKRSNIWL AAVTKQNVNA AMVFEFLYKM CDVMAAYFGK 
    ISEENIKNNF VLIYELLDEI LDFGYPQNSE TGALKTFITQ QGIKSQHQTK EEQSQITSQV 
    TGQIGWRREG IKYRRNELFL DVLESVNLLM SPQGQVLSAH VSGRVVMKSY LSGMPECKFG 
    MNDKIVIEKQ GKGTADETSK SGKQSIAIDD CTFHQCVRLS KFDSERSISF IPPDGEFELM 
    RYRTTKDIIF PFRVIPLVRE VGRTKLEVKV VIKSNFKPSL LAQKIEVRIP TPLNTSGVQV 
    ICMKGKAKYK ASENAIVWKI KRMAGMKESQ ISAEIELLPT NDKKKWARPP ISMNFEVPFA 
    PSGLKVRYLK VFEPKLNYSD HDVIKWVRYI GRSGIYETRC