Details for: SLC31A1

Gene ID: 1317

Symbol: SLC31A1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136868

Description: solute carrier family 31 member 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 136.4233
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 95.7249
    Cell Significance Index: -24.2800
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 24.1531
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0600
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 19.8142
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4300
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 9.6795
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.3621
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1100
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.7513
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 2.1885
    Cell Significance Index: 255.0500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.7730
    Cell Significance Index: 47.5100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.5929
    Cell Significance Index: 74.2700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.3652
    Cell Significance Index: 135.0500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.2441
    Cell Significance Index: 1123.3600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.1259
    Cell Significance Index: 214.2600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.0598
    Cell Significance Index: 14.4600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.0195
    Cell Significance Index: 110.8900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.8765
    Cell Significance Index: 45.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.7856
    Cell Significance Index: 127.7800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.7745
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.7089
    Cell Significance Index: 140.6900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5778
    Cell Significance Index: 39.9600
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.5592
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.5269
    Cell Significance Index: 105.6900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.5240
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.4996
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.4793
    Cell Significance Index: 86.4000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.4315
    Cell Significance Index: 33.1100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.4208
    Cell Significance Index: 51.7400
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.3882
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3617
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2933
    Cell Significance Index: 160.2000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2809
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2479
    Cell Significance Index: 88.9400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2230
    Cell Significance Index: 98.5900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1601
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.1566
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1515
    Cell Significance Index: 104.8100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.1193
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: 18.6200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1067
    Cell Significance Index: 14.6500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.1044
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.0915
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.0759
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0746
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0647
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0497
    Cell Significance Index: 93.5300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: 38.7800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0154
    Cell Significance Index: 23.7000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0271
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0351
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0504
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0556
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0588
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0588
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0707
    Cell Significance Index: -20.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0788
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0869
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1096
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.1778
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1939
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2000
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.2101
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2196
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2200
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.2422
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2473
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9600
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2584
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.2632
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.2669
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.2757
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2929
    Cell Significance Index: -23.2000
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: -0.3039
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3168
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3645
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3500
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.3810
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3855
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.3979
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4100
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.4141
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: -0.4144
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.4236
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.4268
    Cell Significance Index: -22.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4404
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.4565
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.4952
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4200
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.5117
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8600
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.5149
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** SLC31A1 is a member of the solute carrier family 31, which is characterized by its ability to transport copper ions across cell membranes. The protein exhibits a unique structure, consisting of 12 transmembrane domains, which allow it to span the plasma membrane and interact with copper ions. SLC31A1 is also known for its ability to bind to other proteins, such as COPT1, which is involved in phospholipid metabolism. The expression of SLC31A1 is widespread, with significant levels detected in bronchial goblet cells, tracheobronchial goblet cells, and alveolar macrophages. **Pathways and Functions:** SLC31A1 plays a critical role in maintaining copper homeostasis within cells. The transporter is involved in the uptake, storage, and release of copper ions, which is essential for various cellular processes, including: 1. **Antioxidant defense:** Copper ions are essential for the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. 2. **DNA synthesis:** Copper ions are required for the synthesis of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. 3. **Cell signaling:** Copper ions are involved in various signaling pathways, including those mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). 4. **Metabolic regulation:** SLC31A1 is also involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, including the transport of bile salts and organic acids. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of SLC31A1 has been implicated in various human diseases, including: 1. **Copper deficiency:** Copper deficiency is a common nutritional disorder that can lead to impaired immune function, anemia, and other health problems. 2. **Wilson's disease:** SLC31A1 mutations have been identified in patients with Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder characterized by copper accumulation in the liver and brain. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** SLC31A1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, which are characterized by copper accumulation in the brain. 4. **Respiratory diseases:** SLC31A1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, which are characterized by impaired copper homeostasis. In conclusion, SLC31A1 is a crucial gene that plays a vital role in maintaining copper homeostasis within cells. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various human diseases, highlighting the importance of this gene in human health. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which SLC31A1 regulates copper homeostasis and its implications in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2779579040

Symbol: COPT1_HUMAN

Name: Solute carrier family 31 member 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9207117

Title: hCTR1: a human gene for copper uptake identified by complementation in yeast.

PubMed ID: 9207117

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7481

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15164053

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.

PubMed ID: 15164053

DOI: 10.1038/nature02465

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12023893

Title: Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1).

PubMed ID: 12023893

DOI: 10.1042/bj20011803

PubMed ID: 11734551

Title: Biochemical characterization of the human copper transporter Ctr1.

PubMed ID: 11734551

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104728200

PubMed ID: 15326162

Title: Cisplatin stabilizes a multimeric complex of the human Ctr1 copper transporter: requirement for the extracellular methionine-rich clusters.

PubMed ID: 15326162

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407777200

PubMed ID: 16135512

Title: The mechanism of copper uptake mediated by human CTR1: a mutational analysis.

PubMed ID: 16135512

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508822200

PubMed ID: 17525160

Title: O-linked glycosylation at threonine 27 protects the copper transporter hCTR1 from proteolytic cleavage in mammalian cells.

PubMed ID: 17525160

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701806200

PubMed ID: 19740744

Title: Copper-dependent recycling of hCTR1, the human high affinity copper transporter.

PubMed ID: 19740744

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.000166

PubMed ID: 20451502

Title: The role of the N-terminus of mammalian copper transporter 1 in the cellular accumulation of cisplatin.

PubMed ID: 20451502

DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.030

PubMed ID: 20569931

Title: Ctr1 transports silver into mammalian cells.

PubMed ID: 20569931

DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.01.009

PubMed ID: 23658018

Title: Rate and regulation of copper transport by human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1).

PubMed ID: 23658018

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.442426

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24167251

Title: Ctr2 regulates biogenesis of a cleaved form of mammalian Ctr1 metal transporter lacking the copper- and cisplatin-binding ecto-domain.

PubMed ID: 24167251

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311749110

PubMed ID: 24837030

Title: Probing the structural flexibility of the human copper metallochaperone Atox1 dimer and its interaction with the CTR1 c-terminal domain.

PubMed ID: 24837030

DOI: 10.1021/jp412589b

PubMed ID: 26205368

Title: The copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is required to maintain the stability of copper transporter 2 (CTR2).

PubMed ID: 26205368

DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00131e

PubMed ID: 26745413

Title: The C-Terminus of Human Copper Importer Ctr1 Acts as a Binding Site and Transfers Copper to Atox1.

PubMed ID: 26745413

DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.016

PubMed ID: 27143361

Title: Cathepsin Protease Controls Copper and Cisplatin Accumulation via Cleavage of the Ctr1 Metal-binding Ectodomain.

PubMed ID: 27143361

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731281

PubMed ID: 26945057

Title: Dynamic internalization and recycling of a metal ion transporter: Cu homeostasis and CTR1, the human Cu(+) uptake system.

PubMed ID: 26945057

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173351

PubMed ID: 30489586

Title: The N-terminal 14-mer model peptide of human Ctr1 can collect Cu(ii) from albumin. Implications for copper uptake by Ctr1.

PubMed ID: 30489586

DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00274f

PubMed ID: 31292775

Title: Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1) activation terminates interaction between its copper chaperone (Ccs) and the cytosolic metal-binding domain of the copper importer Ctr1.

PubMed ID: 31292775

DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00206-3

PubMed ID: 32914794

Title: How trimerization of CTR1 N-terminal model peptides tunes Cu-binding and redox-chemistry.

PubMed ID: 32914794

DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04693k

PubMed ID: 33294387

Title: Promotion of cadmium uptake and cadmium-induced toxicity by the copper transporter CTR1 in HepG2 and ZFL cells.

PubMed ID: 33294387

DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.11.005

PubMed ID: 35027734

Title: Cysteine oxidation of copper transporter CTR1 drives VEGFR2 signalling and angiogenesis.

PubMed ID: 35027734

DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00822-7

PubMed ID: 35601835

Title: Multinuclear Metal-Binding Ability of the N-Terminal Region of Human Copper Transporter Ctr1: Dependence Upon pH and Metal Oxidation State.

PubMed ID: 35601835

DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.897621

PubMed ID: 16501047

Title: Projection structure of the human copper transporter CTR1 at 6-A resolution reveals a compact trimer with a novel channel-like architecture.

PubMed ID: 16501047

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509929103

PubMed ID: 22615137

Title: Structural insights into the transmembrane domains of human copper transporter 1.

PubMed ID: 22615137

DOI: 10.1002/psc.2415

PubMed ID: 35913762

Title: Newly identified disorder of copper metabolism caused by variants in CTR1, a high-affinity copper transporter.

PubMed ID: 35913762

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac156

PubMed ID: 36562171

Title: Fatal congenital copper transport defect caused by a homozygous likely pathogenic variant of SLC31A1.

PubMed ID: 36562171

DOI: 10.1111/cge.14289

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 190
  • Mass: 21091
  • Checksum: 1E08FBAB72A9C014
  • Sequence:
  • MDHSHHMGMS YMDSNSTMQP SHHHPTTSAS HSHGGGDSSM MMMPMTFYFG FKNVELLFSG 
    LVINTAGEMA GAFVAVFLLA MFYEGLKIAR ESLLRKSQVS IRYNSMPVPG PNGTILMETH 
    KTVGQQMLSF PHLLQTVLHI IQVVISYFLM LIFMTYNGYL CIAVAAGAGT GYFLFSWKKA 
    VVVDITEHCH

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.