Details for: CPA2

Gene ID: 1358

Symbol: CPA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000158516

Description: carboxypeptidase A2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 485.1541
    Cell Significance Index: 243.6500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 15.5336
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 14.0866
    Cell Significance Index: 2405.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 4.1635
    Cell Significance Index: 475.2600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.6781
    Cell Significance Index: 319.3500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.3194
    Cell Significance Index: 31.9600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.2323
    Cell Significance Index: 121.9000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.0919
    Cell Significance Index: 177.5900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.9190
    Cell Significance Index: 829.7700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.7136
    Cell Significance Index: 15.4600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.6871
    Cell Significance Index: 74.7400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.6586
    Cell Significance Index: 39.5400
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 0.3838
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3730
    Cell Significance Index: 25.8000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.2464
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.1656
    Cell Significance Index: 103.4100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.1608
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 0.1342
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.1121
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0947
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9800
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: 0.0718
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.0643
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3700
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7900
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.0344
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0142
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2300
  • Cell Name: parietal cell (CL0000162)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0316
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0386
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0435
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0435
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0438
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0581
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0644
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0659
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0661
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7100
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0684
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0685
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0694
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0729
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0746
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.0750
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0795
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: -0.0798
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0803
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: -0.0851
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0862
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0200
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: -0.0874
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0884
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9100
  • Cell Name: retinal astrocyte (CL4033015)
    Fold Change: -0.0889
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0901
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0944
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0974
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9000
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0980
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0992
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0995
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1008
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1025
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1035
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: myoblast (CL0000056)
    Fold Change: -0.1079
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.1080
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: -0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** CPA2 exhibits a distinct substrate specificity, primarily cleaving C-terminal amino acids from proteins. Its catalytic activity is essential for the degradation of various peptides and proteins, influencing cellular homeostasis and signaling pathways. Notably, CPA2 displays a high affinity for zinc ions, which are crucial for its enzymatic activity. The enzyme's expression is tightly regulated, with a significant increase in mRNA levels observed in response to various stimuli, including inflammation and oxidative stress. **Pathways and Functions:** CPA2's involvement in immune regulation is mediated through its ability to modulate the activity of various immune-related proteins. For instance, it can cleave and regulate the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, thereby influencing the intensity and duration of the immune response. Additionally, CPA2 has been implicated in the regulation of the gut microbiome, with studies suggesting that it can cleave and modulate the activity of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins. Furthermore, CPA2's role in protein degradation and regulation is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The enzyme's activity is also implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, where it can contribute to the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins and promote tumor growth. **Clinical Significance:** The dysregulation of CPA2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):** CPA2's role in modulating the gut microbiome and immune response makes it a potential therapeutic target for IBD. 2. **Cancer:** CPA2's ability to degrade tumor suppressor proteins and promote tumor growth highlights its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. 3. **Neurological disorders:** CPA2's expression in the central nervous system and its role in regulating GABAergic interneurons suggest its potential involvement in neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, CPA2's multifaceted functions and dysregulation in various diseases underscore its importance as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which CPA2 regulates immune responses and contributes to disease pathogenesis.

Genular Protein ID: 2912044296

Symbol: CBPA2_HUMAN

Name: Carboxypeptidase A2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P48052 A4D1M4 C9JIK1 Q53XS1 Q96A12 Q96QN3 Q9UCF1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 8 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SABIO-RK 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 12690205

Title: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.

PubMed ID: 12690205

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7896805

Title: The sequence and conformation of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A2. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and three-dimensional model.

PubMed ID: 7896805

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.12.6651

PubMed ID: 8806703

Title: Expression and characterization of human pancreatic preprocarboxypeptidase A1 and preprocarboxypeptidase A2.

PubMed ID: 8806703

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1996.0310

PubMed ID: 2920728

Title: Purification and properties of five different forms of human procarboxypeptidases.

PubMed ID: 2920728

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14590.x

PubMed ID: 8318831

Title: Separation of human pancreatic carboxypeptidase A isoenzymes by high performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed ID: 8318831

DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130070308

PubMed ID: 20385563

Title: Characterization of the substrate specificity of human carboxypeptidase A4 and implications for a role in extracellular peptide processing.

PubMed ID: 20385563

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.060350

PubMed ID: 9384570

Title: The three-dimensional structure of human procarboxypeptidase A2. Deciphering the basis of the inhibition, activation and intrinsic activity of the zymogen.

PubMed ID: 9384570

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.23.6906

PubMed ID: 9450539

Title: Characterisation and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A2.

PubMed ID: 9450539

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01476-2

PubMed ID: 10742178

Title: Structure of a novel leech carboxypeptidase inhibitor determined free in solution and in complex with human carboxypeptidase A2.

PubMed ID: 10742178

DOI: 10.1038/74092

PubMed ID: 12948494

Title: A large scale test of computational protein design: folding and stability of nine completely redesigned globular proteins.

PubMed ID: 12948494

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00888-x

PubMed ID: 12538893

Title: NMR solution structure of the activation domain of human procarboxypeptidase A2.

PubMed ID: 12538893

DOI: 10.1110/ps.0227303

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 419
  • Mass: 47030
  • Checksum: 00269F2AE50CA38D
  • Sequence:
    • MAMRLILFFG ALFGHIYCLE TFVGDQVLEI VPSNEEQIKN LLQLEAQEHL QLDFWKSPTT 
PGETAHVRVP FVNVQAVKVF LESQGIAYSI MIEDVQVLLD KENEEMLFNR RRERSGNFNF 
GAYHTLEEIS QEMDNLVAEH PGLVSKVNIG SSFENRPMNV LKFSTGGDKP AIWLDAGIHA 
REWVTQATAL WTANKIVSDY GKDPSITSIL DALDIFLLPV TNPDGYVFSQ TKNRMWRKTR 
SKVSGSLCVG VDPNRNWDAG FGGPGASSNP CSDSYHGPSA NSEVEVKSIV DFIKSHGKVK 
AFITLHSYSQ LLMFPYGYKC TKLDDFDELS EVAQKAAQSL RSLHGTKYKV GPICSVIYQA 
SGGSIDWSYD YGIKYSFAFE LRDTGRYGFL LPARQILPTA EETWLGLKAI MEHVRDHPY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.