Details for: CRAT

Gene ID: 1384

Symbol: CRAT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000095321

Description: carnitine O-acetyltransferase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 75.7979
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 53.1455
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 33.3176
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7300
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 33.0825
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 14.1242
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 11.7685
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 5.7823
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4900
  • Cell Name: sebaceous gland cell (CL2000021)
    Fold Change: 4.2896
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 3.7810
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9200
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 3.0995
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.4008
    Cell Significance Index: 84.1000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 1.2988
    Cell Significance Index: 11.9600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.0267
    Cell Significance Index: 927.0700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.0123
    Cell Significance Index: 29.1700
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.9983
    Cell Significance Index: 13.6200
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.9822
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.9286
    Cell Significance Index: 42.0900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.8794
    Cell Significance Index: 23.5700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.8468
    Cell Significance Index: 137.7300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.8355
    Cell Significance Index: 43.4000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.8329
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.8055
    Cell Significance Index: 17.4500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.7831
    Cell Significance Index: 91.2600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5227
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4750
    Cell Significance Index: 94.2700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.4230
    Cell Significance Index: 76.2500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3706
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.3418
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2849
    Cell Significance Index: 28.1800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.2212
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.2182
    Cell Significance Index: 29.9600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2128
    Cell Significance Index: 42.6800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2109
    Cell Significance Index: 27.0400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1840
    Cell Significance Index: 22.6300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1334
    Cell Significance Index: 22.7800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1132
    Cell Significance Index: 40.6200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1118
    Cell Significance Index: 61.0800
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.1082
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0708
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: 44.3000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.0571
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0565
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0478
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5300
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0398
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0327
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5500
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0175
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0225
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0249
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0400
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.0254
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0362
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.0563
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0624
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3600
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0784
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0793
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -0.0864
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1159
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.1168
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1237
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1367
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.1371
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1409
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1416
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1417
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.1552
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.1609
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1681
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8400
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1699
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1801
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1965
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1971
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2033
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.2164
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.2188
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2212
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.2451
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2540
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.2727
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2849
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6000
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.2909
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** CRAT is a type II transmembrane protein, with a large N-terminal domain and a smaller C-terminal domain. The enzyme exhibits a high degree of specificity, with a preference for acetyl-CoA as a substrate. CRAT is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it interacts with other enzymes and proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism. The enzyme's activity is tightly regulated by various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. **Pathways and Functions:** CRAT is integral to several key pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism, including: 1. **Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation:** CRAT facilitates the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are subjected to beta-oxidation, resulting in the production of acetyl-CoA, which can be fed into the citric acid cycle or used to synthesize fatty acids. 2. **Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism:** CRAT plays a crucial role in the metabolism of medium-chain fatty acids, which are converted into acetyl-CoA and subsequently used to generate energy or synthesize fatty acids. 3. **Lipid Metabolism:** CRAT is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, including the synthesis and degradation of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of CRAT has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Metabolic Disorders:** Mutations in the CRAT gene have been associated with metabolic disorders, such as fatty acid oxidation disorders and cardiomyopathy. 2. **Neurodevelopmental Disorders:** CRAT has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia, where alterations in fatty acid metabolism and CRAT activity have been observed. 3. **Cancer:** CRAT has been shown to play a role in cancer cell metabolism, with its activity influencing the Warburg effect and the regulation of fatty acid synthesis. 4. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** CRAT has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, where alterations in fatty acid metabolism and CRAT activity have been observed. In conclusion, CRAT is a critical enzyme that plays a pivotal role in fatty acid metabolism and beyond. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying CRAT function and its role in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2676163847

Symbol: CACP_HUMAN

Name: Carnitine acetyltransferase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P43155 Q5T952 Q9BW16

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 60 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 3 EC 2 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 Rhea 26 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 3 SwissPalm 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15164053

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.

PubMed ID: 15164053

DOI: 10.1038/nature02465

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7945262

Title: Divergent sequences in the 5' region of cDNA suggest alternative splicing as a mechanism for the generation of carnitine acetyltransferases with different subcellular localizations.

PubMed ID: 7945262

DOI: 10.1042/bj3030037

PubMed ID: 7829107

Title: Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding human carnitine acetyltransferase and mapping of the corresponding gene to chromosome 9q34.1.

PubMed ID: 7829107

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1463

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 23485643

Title: Substrate specificity of human carnitine acetyltransferase: Implications for fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism.

PubMed ID: 23485643

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.02.012

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 29395073

Title: Impaired Transferrin Receptor Palmitoylation and Recycling in Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation.

PubMed ID: 29395073

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.01.003

PubMed ID: 12562770

Title: Structure of human carnitine acetyltransferase. Molecular basis for fatty acyl transfer.

PubMed ID: 12562770

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212356200

PubMed ID: 15099582

Title: Structural and mutational characterization of L-carnitine binding to human carnitine acetyltransferase.

PubMed ID: 15099582

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2004.01.011

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 626
  • Mass: 70858
  • Checksum: 51B65E7C94E458D7
  • Sequence:
    • MLAFAARTVV KPLGFLKPFS LMKASSRFKA HQDALPRLPV PPLQQSLDHY LKALQPIVSE 
EEWAHTKQLV DEFQASGGVG ERLQKGLERR ARKTENWLSE WWLKTAYLQY RQPVVIYSSP 
GVMLPKQDFV DLQGQLRFAA KLIEGVLDFK VMIDNETLPV EYLGGKPLCM NQYYQILSSC 
RVPGPKQDTV SNFSKTKKPP THITVVHNYQ FFELDVYHSD GTPLTADQIF VQLEKIWNSS 
LQTNKEPVGI LTSNHRNSWA KAYNTLIKDK VNRDSVRSIQ KSIFTVCLDA TMPRVSEDVY 
RSHVAGQMLH GGGSRLNSGN RWFDKTLQFI VAEDGSCGLV YEHAAAEGPP IVTLLDYVIE 
YTKKPELVRS PLVPLPMPKK LRFNITPEIK SDIEKAKQNL SIMIQDLDIT VMVFHHFGKD 
FPKSEKLSPD AFIQMALQLA YYRIYGQACA TYESASLRMF HLGRTDTIRS ASMDSLTFVK 
AMDDSSVTEH QKVELLRKAV QAHRGYTDRA IRGEAFDRHL LGLKLQAIED LVSMPDIFMD 
TSYAIAMHFH LSTSQVPAKT DCVMFFGPVV PDGYGVCYNP MEAHINFSLS AYNSCAETNA 
ARLAHYLEKA LLDMRALLQS HPRAKL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.