Details for: PARP1

Gene ID: 142

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PARP1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799

Description: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 67.69
    rCSI 53.25%
    PRS 17.59
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 66.15
    rCSI 59.74%
    PRS 13.11
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 66.1
    rCSI 43.94%
    PRS 17.65
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 59.59
    rCSI 49.35%
    PRS 14.77
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 53.88
    rCSI 43.56%
    PRS 14.62
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 50.14
    rCSI 43.59%
    PRS 18.24
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 45.54
    rCSI 52.13%
    PRS 29.97
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 40.45
    rCSI 50.77%
    PRS 18.86
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 34.61
    rCSI 27.35%
    PRS 10.12
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 33.02
    rCSI 28.59%
    PRS 16.52
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 28.17
    rCSI 80.43%
    PRS 25.16
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 27.92
    rCSI 24.52%
    PRS 16.65
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 25.84
    rCSI 22.63%
    PRS 19.51
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 24.8
    rCSI 73.97%
    PRS 35.64
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 23.29
    rCSI 31.12%
    PRS 28.06
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 21.21
    rCSI 53.14%
    PRS 41.59
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 20.71
    rCSI 19.94%
    PRS 15.24
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 19.2
    rCSI 61.6%
    PRS 21.35
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 19.19
    rCSI 14.26%
    PRS 21.74
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 18.79
    rCSI 25.6%
    PRS 13.13
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 17.55
    rCSI 68.32%
    PRS 24.13
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 15.66
    rCSI 21.43%
    PRS 14.78
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 14.4
    rCSI 23.18%
    PRS 11.33
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 13.68
    rCSI 19.72%
    PRS 20.53
  • plasma cell CL0000786
    CSI 11.79
    rCSI 15.45%
    PRS 58.27
  • transitional stage B cell CL0000818
    CSI 11.72
    rCSI 38.36%
    PRS 39.97
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 11.43
    rCSI 11.02%
    PRS 10.36
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 11.06
    rCSI 7.69%
    PRS 17.34
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 10.8
    rCSI 19.07%
    PRS 8.63
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 10.65
    rCSI 25.62%
    PRS 23.34
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 10.59
    rCSI 16.15%
    PRS 13.71
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 10.39
    rCSI 53.67%
    PRS 28.7
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 10.13
    rCSI 13.8%
    PRS 34.94
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 10
    rCSI 9.61%
    PRS 30.19
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 9.76
    rCSI 7.38%
    PRS 20.24
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 9.15
    rCSI 20.22%
    PRS 10.59
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 9.02
    rCSI 7.56%
    PRS 17.59
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 8.81
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 13.87
  • naive B cell CL0000788
    CSI 8.77
    rCSI 7.52%
    PRS 25.32
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 8.75
    rCSI 30.72%
    PRS 26.39
  • memory B cell CL0000787
    CSI 8.64
    rCSI 8.54%
    PRS 53.09
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 8.6
    rCSI 10.32%
    PRS 14.51
  • antibody secreting cell CL0000946
    CSI 8.53
    rCSI 37.93%
    PRS 55.78
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 8.35
    rCSI 29.64%
    PRS 24.02
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909
    CSI 8.26
    rCSI 8.63%
    PRS 42.75
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 7.89
    rCSI 12.19%
    PRS 13.78
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 7.62
    rCSI 33.45%
    PRS 27.33
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 7.37
    rCSI 13.92%
    PRS 31.84
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 7.18
    rCSI 38.32%
    PRS 51.47
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 7.11
    rCSI 31.6%
    PRS 14.43
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 6.96
    rCSI 24.73%
    PRS 44.85
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 6.94
    rCSI 20.48%
    PRS 17.85
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 6.73
    rCSI 13.82%
    PRS 33.41
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 6.54
    rCSI 9.05%
    PRS 21.02
  • CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938
    CSI 6.42
    rCSI 4.81%
    PRS 41.4
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 6.38
    rCSI 4.76%
    PRS 24.85
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 6.23
    rCSI 7.99%
    PRS 14.33
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 6.05
    rCSI 8.27%
    PRS 16.31
  • B cell CL0000236
    CSI 6.02
    rCSI 8.05%
    PRS 55.66
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 5.99
    rCSI 34.34%
    PRS 22.61
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 5.91
    rCSI 8.21%
    PRS 15.15
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 5.82
    rCSI 9.43%
    PRS 14.94
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 5.66
    rCSI 6.76%
    PRS 8.46
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 5.59
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 21
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 5.43
    rCSI 4.02%
    PRS 13.01
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 5.34
    rCSI 7.55%
    PRS 20.44
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 5.21
    rCSI 3.74%
    PRS 20.1
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 5.15
    rCSI 20.51%
    PRS 25.74
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906
    CSI 5.14
    rCSI 5.06%
    PRS 41.24
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 5.08
    rCSI 25.47%
    PRS 19.32
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 5.05
    rCSI 4.67%
    PRS 26.78
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 5.04
    rCSI 12.74%
    PRS 18.28
  • group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069
    CSI 5.01
    rCSI 27.08%
    PRS 47.89
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 4.52%
    PRS 15.02
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 3.73%
    PRS 19.33
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 4.89
    rCSI 8.02%
    PRS 11.36
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 4.86
    rCSI 7.47%
    PRS 20.7
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 4.79
    rCSI 31.41%
    PRS 37.51
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 4.76
    rCSI 5.49%
    PRS 12.92
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 4.73
    rCSI 10.06%
    PRS 24.54
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 4.68
    rCSI 7.51%
    PRS 43.37
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 4.68
    rCSI 6.91%
    PRS 23.12
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 4.64
    rCSI 4.75%
    PRS 27.37
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 4.41
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 20.88
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 4.27
    rCSI 78.07%
    PRS 42.04
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 4.13%
    PRS 16
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 4.12
    rCSI 4.64%
    PRS 23.63
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 5.08%
    PRS 8.07
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 5.11%
    PRS 22.55
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 23.81
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 3.98
    rCSI 5.32%
    PRS 16.12
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 3.95
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 21.3
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.93
    rCSI 3.72%
    PRS 15.36
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 3.88
    rCSI 14.65%
    PRS 21.24
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 3.86
    rCSI 7.96%
    PRS 22.26
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 3.85
    rCSI 14.97%
    PRS 20.44
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 8.66%
    PRS 12.83
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.74
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 15.08
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 3.72
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 20.31
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 3.67
    rCSI 5.02%
    PRS 16.69
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI -6.5
    rCSI -11.4%
    PRS 19.5%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI -2.6
    rCSI -16.1%
    PRS 11.6%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI -1.1
    rCSI -1.7%
    PRS 14.8%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI -0.1
    rCSI -0.3%
    PRS 10.0%
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.3%
    PRS 5.6%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 9.3%
  • CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 53.4%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 26.9%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 21.4%
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.4%
    PRS 17.0%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 9.1%
  • eye photoreceptor cell CL0000287
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 35.9%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 22.8%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 20.7%
  • exhausted T cell CL0011025
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 52.9%
  • follicular dendritic cell CL0000442
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 63.4%
  • CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 49.2%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 35.9%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 28.2%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 43.6%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 13.6%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 8.1%
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 30.8%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 45.4%
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 34.2%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 25.6%
  • respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 46.2%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 11.4%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 28.8%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 17.3%
  • forebrain neuroblast CL1000042
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 84.6%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 24.3%
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 23.7%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 13.7%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 8.5%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 20.0%
  • ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 53.4%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 30.5%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 14.4%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 29.8%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 23.6%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 13.4%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 29.4%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 15.4%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 19.0%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 16.1%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 16.9%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 16.9%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 14.6%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 10.6%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 17.3%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 20.7%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 9.5%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 17.0%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 13.5%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 25.8%
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 24.6%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 9.1%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 19.2%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 23.5%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 14.7%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 33.5%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 26.1%
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 19.5%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 12.6%
    PRS 26.5%
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 22.1%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 16.8%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 18.4%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 15.6%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 38.1%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 13.6%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 30.1%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 12.3%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 30.8%
    PRS 7.8%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 31.7%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 22.5%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 14.8%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 11.2%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 35.0%
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 14.7%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 8.9%
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 25.9%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 26.1%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 25.3%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 16.7%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 22.3%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 10.7%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 36.0%
    PRS 6.9%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 14.9%
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 35.7%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 22.0%
  • B-1 B cell CL0000819
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 39.9%
    PRS 62.2%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 22.5%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 14.6%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 17.9%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 16.6%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 17.6%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 15.3%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 18.0%
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 20.4%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PARP1](/details-gene/142) (Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) is a nuclear enzyme critical for cellular homeostasis, with primary functions in DNA repair, genomic stability, and programmed cell death. Encoded on chromosome 1, this protein detects DNA strand breaks and, upon binding, synthesizes chains of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) that act as a signal to recruit other DNA repair proteins [[Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47687-9)]. **Overall**, expression data reveals that [PARP1](/details-gene/142) shows the highest significance in highly proliferative and differentiating hematopoietic cells, particularly B-lymphocyte precursors like [plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980) and [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826), as well as foundational stem cells such as [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037). This expression pattern underscores its essential role in managing the DNA damage inherent in rapid cell division and developmental processes like V(D)J recombination. Clinically, [PARP1](/details-gene/142) is a well-established therapeutic target, particularly in oncology, with inhibitors being used to treat cancers harboring DNA repair deficiencies ([173870](https://omim.org/entry/173870)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PARP1](/details-gene/142) highlights its fundamental importance in the hematopoietic system. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest cell significance scores in progenitor and developing immune cell populations. Top-ranking cells include [plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980) (CSI: 67.69), [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 66.15), and [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 66.10). Its strong association extends throughout the B cell lineage, from [fraction A pre-pro B cell](/details-cell/CL0002045) and [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) to [mature B cell](/details-cell/CL0000785) and [germinal center B cell](/details-cell/CL0000844). This pattern is consistent with a critical requirement for robust DNA surveillance and repair mechanisms in cells undergoing extensive proliferation and genomic rearrangement. Conversely, [PARP1](/details-gene/142) shows low to negative significance in terminally differentiated, non-proliferative structural cells. For instance, it is a significant anti-marker in [tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0019019) (CSI: -6.46) and [regular ventricular cardiac myocyte](/details-cell/CL0002131) (CSI: -2.58). This differential expression suggests that the primary role of [PARP1](/details-gene/142) is concentrated in maintaining genomic integrity within dynamically replicating cell populations, rather than in quiescent, structurally-focused tissues. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PARP1](/details-gene/142) strongly corroborate its role as a master regulator of genome maintenance. The gene is heavily implicated in biological processes such as '[Dna repair](/details-cell/GO:0006281)', '[Dna damage response](/details-cell/GO:0006974)', and specifically '[Double-strand break repair](/details-cell/GO:0006302)'. This is further detailed in Reactome pathways, including '[Base excision repair (R-HSA-73884)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-73884)' and '[Homology directed repair (R-HSA-5693538)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-5693538)'. Its molecular function is defined by its NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity ([GO:0003950](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003950)) and its ability to bind damaged DNA ([GO:0003684](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003684)), which is critical for initiating the repair cascade [[Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.8.2990)]. Beyond DNA repair, [PARP1](/details-gene/142) is involved in transcriptional regulation, both positively ([GO:0045944](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045944)) and negatively ([GO:0045892](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045892)), and participates in the '[Innate immune response](/details-cell/GO:0045087)'. This dual functionality aligns with its high expression in developing lymphocytes, where it may not only safeguard the genome during recombination but also help orchestrate the transcriptional programs that define cellular differentiation and function. Its localization to the '[Nucleus](/details-cell/GO:0005634)', '[Chromatin](/details-cell/GO:0000785)', and specifically the '[Site of dna damage](/details-cell/GO:0090734)' solidifies its role as a primary nuclear sensor of genomic distress. ## Research Directions The widespread significance of [PARP1](/details-gene/142) in hematopoietic development and its established role in DNA repair offer several avenues for further investigation. While its function in cancer is well-studied, its specific roles in normal hematopoiesis and immune cell maturation warrant deeper exploration. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. The high significance of [PARP1](/details-gene/142) across B cell development stages ([pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826), [precursor B cell](/details-cell/CL0000817), [plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980)) suggests it is indispensable for repairing the programmed DNA double-strand breaks generated during V(D)J recombination and immunoglobulin class-switching. Consequently, transient inhibition of PARP1 during B cell development may lead to specific stage-arrest and impaired antibody repertoire diversity. 2. Given its high expression in [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) and other progenitors ([common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049), [common lymphoid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000051)), [PARP1](/details-gene/142) likely acts as a critical guardian of the stem cell genome. Reduced [PARP1](/details-gene/142) activity could lead to an accumulation of mutations in this long-lived progenitor pool, increasing the risk of age-related clonal hematopoiesis and subsequent leukemic transformation. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis, primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CD34+) could be cultured *in vitro* and directed towards the B cell lineage using established cytokine cocktails. Experimental cohorts would be treated with a specific PARP1 inhibitor (e.g., Olaparib) at varying doses and time points corresponding to key developmental stages. The impact on B cell differentiation would be assessed using multi-parameter flow cytometry to quantify populations of pro-B, pre-B, immature, and mature B cells. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with V(D)J repertoire analysis could be performed to determine if PARP1 inhibition leads to developmental blocks and altered immunoglobulin gene rearrangement patterns. **Therapeutic Potential:** [PARP1](/details-gene/142) is a validated and highly successful therapeutic target. **Inhibition** is the primary strategy, based on the principle of synthetic lethality, where cancer cells with pre-existing DNA repair defects (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutations) are exquisitely sensitive to the loss of PARP1-mediated repair. This has led to approved therapies for ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. The high expression of [PARP1](/details-gene/142) in hematopoietic cells suggests that PARP inhibitors could also be effective against hematological malignancies, particularly those characterized by high genomic instability. However, this same expression profile indicates a potential for on-target toxicity to the hematopoietic system, which remains a key consideration in clinical development.

Genular Protein ID: 1577874424

Symbol: PARP1_HUMAN

Name: Poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3120710

Title: Nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human fibroblast poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

PubMed ID: 3120710

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90921-1

PubMed ID: 2824474

Title: Primary structure of human poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase as deduced from cDNA sequence.

PubMed ID: 2824474

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47687-9

PubMed ID: 2891139

Title: cDNA sequence, protein structure, and chromosomal location of the human gene for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

PubMed ID: 2891139

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8370

PubMed ID: 2513174

Title: Human nuclear NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase(polymerizing): organization of the gene.

PubMed ID: 2513174

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1989.8.575

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2125269

Title: Human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene. Cloning of the promoter region.

PubMed ID: 2125269

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15647.x

PubMed ID: 2108670

Title: Characterization of a putative promoter region of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene: structural similarity to that of the DNA polymerase beta gene.

PubMed ID: 2108670

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)92082-b

PubMed ID: 17177976

Title: Txk, a member of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the Tec family, forms a complex with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and elongation factor 1alpha and regulates interferon-gamma gene transcription in Th1 cells.

PubMed ID: 17177976

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03249.x

PubMed ID: 3121332

Title: Isolation of a cDNA clone for human NAD+: protein ADP-ribosyltransferase.

PubMed ID: 3121332

PubMed ID: 3113420

Title: Molecular cloning of cDNA for human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and expression of its gene during HL-60 cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 3113420

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90543-2

PubMed ID: 2109322

Title: The second zinc-finger domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase determines specificity for single-stranded breaks in DNA.

PubMed ID: 2109322

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.8.2990

PubMed ID: 2123876

Title: The zinc fingers of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase are differentially required for the recognition of DNA breaks and nicks and the consequent enzyme activation. Other structures recognize intact DNA.

PubMed ID: 2123876

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45824-3

PubMed ID: 2121735

Title: Expression and site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic domain of human poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in Escherichia coli. Lysine 893 is critical for activity.

PubMed ID: 2121735

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30651-8

PubMed ID: 1505517

Title: The human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase nuclear localization signal is a bipartite element functionally separate from DNA binding and catalytic activity.

PubMed ID: 1505517

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05404.x

PubMed ID: 7852410

Title: Role of glutamic acid 988 of human poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in polymer formation. Evidence for active site similarities to the ADP-ribosylating toxins.

PubMed ID: 7852410

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.7.3247

PubMed ID: 7596430

Title: Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 7596430

DOI: 10.1038/376037a0

PubMed ID: 9315851

Title: Random mutagenesis of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalytic domain reveals amino acids involved in polymer branching.

PubMed ID: 9315851

DOI: 10.1021/bi971055p

PubMed ID: 9721847

Title: Irreversible binding of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage product to DNA ends revealed by atomic force microscopy: possible role in apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 9721847

PubMed ID: 9518481

Title: Functional association of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex: a link between DNA strand break detection and DNA replication.

PubMed ID: 9518481

DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.8.1891

PubMed ID: 10497198

Title: Cleavage of automodified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during apoptosis. Evidence for involvement of caspase-7.

PubMed ID: 10497198

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.40.28379

PubMed ID: 10467406

Title: Suppression of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity by DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro.

PubMed ID: 10467406

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202823

PubMed ID: 15607977

Title: NAD+-dependent modulation of chromatin structure and transcription by nucleosome binding properties of PARP-1.

PubMed ID: 15607977

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.002

PubMed ID: 15044383

Title: Aprataxin, a novel protein that protects against genotoxic stress.

PubMed ID: 15044383

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh122

PubMed ID: 16374543

Title: Nuclear caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage are early events in camptothecin-induced apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 16374543

DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-3276-y

PubMed ID: 16904257

Title: The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 interacts with Sry and modulates its biological functions.

PubMed ID: 16904257

DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.06.008

PubMed ID: 17396150

Title: A novel human AP endonuclease with conserved zinc-finger-like motifs involved in DNA strand break responses.

PubMed ID: 17396150

DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601663

PubMed ID: 17525332

Title: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 17525332

DOI: 10.1126/science.1140321

PubMed ID: 18172500

Title: Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding zinc finger motifs in DNA repair/checkpoint proteins.

PubMed ID: 18172500

DOI: 10.1038/nature06420

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19344625

Title: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) transcriptionally regulates angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) and AT2R binding protein (ATBP) genes.

PubMed ID: 19344625

DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.02.025

PubMed ID: 19779455

Title: PARP-1 transcriptional activity is regulated by sumoylation upon heat shock.

PubMed ID: 19779455

DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.279

PubMed ID: 19764761

Title: Identification of the ADP-ribosylation sites in the PARP-1 automodification domain: analysis and implications.

PubMed ID: 19764761

DOI: 10.1021/ja906135d

PubMed ID: 19710015

Title: The metastasis efficiency modifier ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B (RRP1B) is a chromatin-associated factor.

PubMed ID: 19710015

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.023457

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19661379

Title: Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of DNA repair by the chromatin remodeling enzyme ALC1.

PubMed ID: 19661379

DOI: 10.1126/science.1177321

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20064938

Title: PARP-3 is a mono-ADP-ribosylase that activates PARP-1 in the absence of DNA.

PubMed ID: 20064938

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.077834

PubMed ID: 20388712

Title: The Zn3 domain of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) functions in both DNA-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis activity and chromatin compaction.

PubMed ID: 20388712

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.105668

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 20106667

Title: Toward a unified nomenclature for mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases.

PubMed ID: 20106667

DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.12.003

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21266351

Title: hPuf-A/KIAA0020 modulates PARP-1 cleavage upon genotoxic stress.

PubMed ID: 21266351

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1831

PubMed ID: 21577210

Title: Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of Snail1 protein stability.

PubMed ID: 21577210

DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.153

PubMed ID: 21799911

Title: Ubiquitin ligase RNF146 regulates tankyrase and Axin to promote Wnt signaling.

PubMed ID: 21799911

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022595

PubMed ID: 21680843

Title: SIRT6 promotes DNA repair under stress by activating PARP1.

PubMed ID: 21680843

DOI: 10.1126/science.1202723

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23213405

Title: Taperin (c9orf75), a mutated gene in nonsyndromic deafness, encodes a vertebrate specific, nuclear localized protein phosphatase one alpha (PP1alpha) docking protein.

PubMed ID: 23213405

DOI: 10.1242/bio.2011049

PubMed ID: 22863007

Title: Exome capture reveals ZNF423 and CEP164 mutations, linking renal ciliopathies to DNA damage response signaling.

PubMed ID: 22863007

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.028

PubMed ID: 22300411

Title: Suppressive regulation of KSHV RTA with O-GlcNAcylation.

PubMed ID: 22300411

DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-12

PubMed ID: 22464733

Title: Inflammasome-activated caspase 7 cleaves PARP1 to enhance the expression of a subset of NF-kappaB target genes.

PubMed ID: 22464733

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.02.016

PubMed ID: 22002106

Title: Systematic analysis of protein pools, isoforms, and modifications affecting turnover and subcellular localization.

PubMed ID: 22002106

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.013680

PubMed ID: 22451931

Title: Caspase-7 uses an exosite to promote poly(ADP ribose) polymerase 1 proteolysis.

PubMed ID: 22451931

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200934109

PubMed ID: 22753495

Title: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) rescues the decline of homologous recombination repair during replicative senescence.

PubMed ID: 22753495

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200583109

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23966166

Title: ZNF365 promotes stalled replication forks recovery to maintain genome stability.

PubMed ID: 23966166

DOI: 10.4161/cc.25882

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 23230272

Title: BAL1 and its partner E3 ligase, BBAP, link Poly(ADP-ribose) activation, ubiquitylation, and double-strand DNA repair independent of ATM, MDC1, and RNF8.

PubMed ID: 23230272

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00990-12

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25043379

Title: Family-wide analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.

PubMed ID: 25043379

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5426

PubMed ID: 25218447

Title: Uncovering global SUMOylation signaling networks in a site-specific manner.

PubMed ID: 25218447

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2890

PubMed ID: 24906880

Title: PARG is dispensable for recovery from transient replicative stress but required to prevent detrimental accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) upon prolonged replicative stress.

PubMed ID: 24906880

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku505

PubMed ID: 25114211

Title: Mapping of SUMO sites and analysis of SUMOylation changes induced by external stimuli.

PubMed ID: 25114211

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413825111

PubMed ID: 25772364

Title: SUMO-2 orchestrates chromatin modifiers in response to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 25772364

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.033

PubMed ID: 25755297

Title: System-wide analysis of SUMOylation dynamics in response to replication stress reveals novel small ubiquitin-like modified target proteins and acceptor lysines relevant for genome stability.

PubMed ID: 25755297

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o114.044792

PubMed ID: 25533949

Title: A human tRNA synthetase is a potent PARP1-activating effector target for resveratrol.

PubMed ID: 25533949

DOI: 10.1038/nature14028

PubMed ID: 27067600

Title: HPF1/C4orf27 is a PARP-1-interacting protein that regulates PARP-1 ADP-ribosylation activity.

PubMed ID: 27067600

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.008

PubMed ID: 27471034

Title: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases covalently modify strand break termini in DNA fragments in vitro.

PubMed ID: 27471034

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw675

PubMed ID: 27257257

Title: ADP-ribose-derived nuclear ATP synthesis by NUDIX5 is required for chromatin remodeling.

PubMed ID: 27257257

DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9335

PubMed ID: 28190768

Title: Serine ADP-ribosylation depends on HPF1.

PubMed ID: 28190768

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.01.003

PubMed ID: 29220653

Title: A Poly-ADP-Ribose trigger releases the auto-inhibition of a chromatin remodeling oncogene.

PubMed ID: 29220653

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.019

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

PubMed ID: 30257210

Title: Interplay of histone marks with serine ADP-ribosylation.

PubMed ID: 30257210

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.092

PubMed ID: 29954836

Title: Comprehensive ADP-ribosylome analysis identifies tyrosine as an ADP-ribose acceptor site.

PubMed ID: 29954836

DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745310

PubMed ID: 30356214

Title: Nuclear cGAS suppresses DNA repair and promotes tumorigenesis.

PubMed ID: 30356214

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0629-6

PubMed ID: 30104678

Title: PARP2 mediates branched poly ADP-ribosylation in response to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 30104678

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05588-5

PubMed ID: 31609975

Title: KHDC3L mutation causes recurrent pregnancy loss by inducing genomic instability of human early embryonic cells.

PubMed ID: 31609975

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000468

PubMed ID: 33186521

Title: An HPF1/PARP1-based chemical biology strategy for exploring ADP-ribosylation.

PubMed ID: 33186521

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.055

PubMed ID: 27568560

Title: JNK phosphorylates SIRT6 to stimulate DNA double-strand break repair in response to oxidative stress by recruiting PARP1 to DNA Breaks.

PubMed ID: 27568560

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.006

PubMed ID: 27256882

Title: Chemical genetic discovery of PARP targets reveals a role for PARP-1 in transcription elongation.

PubMed ID: 27256882

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7865

PubMed ID: 30675909

Title: Increased PARP1-DNA binding due to autoPARylation inhibition of PARP1 on DNA rather than PARP1-DNA trapping is correlated with PARP1 inhibitor's cytotoxicity.

PubMed ID: 30675909

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32131

PubMed ID: 31848352

Title: PARP1 exhibits enhanced association and catalytic efficiency with gammaH2A.X-nucleosome.

PubMed ID: 31848352

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13641-0

PubMed ID: 31796734

Title: Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (Banf1) regulates poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity following oxidative DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 31796734

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13167-5

PubMed ID: 32844745

Title: PARP1 inhibitors trigger innate immunity via PARP1 trapping-induced DNA damage response.

PubMed ID: 32844745

DOI: 10.7554/elife.60637

PubMed ID: 32028527

Title: HPF1 completes the PARP active site for DNA damage-induced ADP-ribosylation.

PubMed ID: 32028527

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2013-6

PubMed ID: 32358582

Title: Real-time monitoring of PARP1-dependent PARylation by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.

PubMed ID: 32358582

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15858-w

PubMed ID: 32315358

Title: PARP1-cGAS-NF-kappaB pathway of proinflammatory macrophage activation by extracellular vesicles released during Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease.

PubMed ID: 32315358

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008474

PubMed ID: 34732825

Title: Dual function of HPF1 in the modulation of PARP1 and PARP2 activities.

PubMed ID: 34732825

DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02780-0

PubMed ID: 34049076

Title: PARP1-mediated PARylation of TonEBP prevents R-loop-associated DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 34049076

DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103132

PubMed ID: 33683197

Title: HPF1 and nucleosomes mediate a dramatic switch in activity of PARP1 from polymerase to hydrolase.

PubMed ID: 33683197

DOI: 10.7554/elife.65773

PubMed ID: 34874266

Title: Serine ADP-ribosylation marks nucleosomes for ALC1-dependent chromatin remodeling.

PubMed ID: 34874266

DOI: 10.7554/elife.71502

PubMed ID: 33168626

Title: The 89-kDa PARP1 cleavage fragment serves as a cytoplasmic PAR carrier to induce AIF-mediated apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 33168626

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014479

PubMed ID: 33412112

Title: CARM1 regulates replication fork speed and stress response by stimulating PARP1.

PubMed ID: 33412112

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.010

PubMed ID: 34102106

Title: XRCC1 prevents toxic PARP1 trapping during DNA base excision repair.

PubMed ID: 34102106

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.05.009

PubMed ID: 34811483

Title: XRCC1 protects transcription from toxic PARP1 activity during DNA base excision repair.

PubMed ID: 34811483

DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00792-w

PubMed ID: 34210965

Title: Serine-linked PARP1 auto-modification controls PARP inhibitor response.

PubMed ID: 34210965

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24361-9

PubMed ID: 34625544

Title: The regulatory landscape of the human HPF1- and ARH3-dependent ADP-ribosylome.

PubMed ID: 34625544

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26172-4

PubMed ID: 34737271

Title: SPINDOC binds PARP1 to facilitate PARylation.

PubMed ID: 34737271

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26588-y

PubMed ID: 34795260

Title: HPF1 dynamically controls the PARP1/2 balance between initiating and elongating ADP-ribose modifications.

PubMed ID: 34795260

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27043-8

PubMed ID: 34465625

Title: Multiple roles for PARP1 in ALC1-dependent nucleosome remodeling.

PubMed ID: 34465625

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107277118

PubMed ID: 35124853

Title: PARP1 is activated by membrane damage and is involved in membrane repair through poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.

PubMed ID: 35124853

DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12926

PubMed ID: 35025765

Title: RECON syndrome is a genome instability disorder caused by mutations in the DNA helicase RECQL1.

PubMed ID: 35025765

DOI: 10.1172/jci147301

PubMed ID: 35104452

Title: SPARCLE, a p53-induced lncRNA, controls apoptosis after genotoxic stress by promoting PARP-1 cleavage.

PubMed ID: 35104452

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.001

PubMed ID: 35219381

Title: Micropeptide PACMP inhibition elicits synthetic lethal effects by decreasing CtIP and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.

PubMed ID: 35219381

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.020

PubMed ID: 35460603

Title: Cytoplasmic PARP1 links the genome instability to the inhibition of antiviral immunity through PARylating cGAS.

PubMed ID: 35460603

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.034

PubMed ID: 35013556

Title: The ubiquitin-dependent ATPase p97 removes cytotoxic trapped PARP1 from chromatin.

PubMed ID: 35013556

DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00807-6

PubMed ID: 35393539

Title: Poly(ADP-ribosylation) of P-TEFb by PARP1 disrupts phase separation to inhibit global transcription after DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 35393539

DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00872-5

PubMed ID: 37823600

Title: ZNF432 stimulates PARylation and inhibits DNA resection to balance PARPi sensitivity and resistance.

PubMed ID: 37823600

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad791

PubMed ID: 18055453

Title: A third zinc-binding domain of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 coordinates DNA-dependent enzyme activation.

PubMed ID: 18055453

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708558200

PubMed ID: 21233213

Title: Crystal structures of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) zinc fingers bound to DNA: structural and functional insights into DNA-dependent PARP-1 activity.

PubMed ID: 21233213

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.202507

PubMed ID: 22683995

Title: The zinc-finger domains of PARP1 cooperate to recognize DNA strand breaks.

PubMed ID: 22683995

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2335

PubMed ID: 22582261

Title: Structural basis for DNA damage-dependent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by human PARP-1.

PubMed ID: 22582261

DOI: 10.1126/science.1216338

PubMed ID: 26344098

Title: Timeless interacts with PARP-1 to promote homologous recombination repair.

PubMed ID: 26344098

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.031

PubMed ID: 26626479

Title: Structural basis of detection and signaling of DNA single-strand breaks by human PARP-1.

PubMed ID: 26626479

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.10.032

PubMed ID: 26626480

Title: PARP-1 activation requires local unfolding of an autoinhibitory domain.

PubMed ID: 26626480

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.10.013

PubMed ID: 29487285

Title: NAD+ analog reveals PARP-1 substrate-blocking mechanism and allosteric communication from catalytic center to DNA-binding domains.

PubMed ID: 29487285

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03234-8

PubMed ID: 32241924

Title: Structural basis for allosteric PARP-1 retention on DNA breaks.

PubMed ID: 32241924

DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6367

PubMed ID: 33361107

Title: Dissecting the molecular determinants of clinical PARP1 inhibitor selectivity for tankyrase1.

PubMed ID: 33361107

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016573

PubMed ID: 34919819

Title: The BRCT domain of PARP1 binds intact DNA and mediates intrastrand transfer.

PubMed ID: 34919819

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.014

PubMed ID: 33589610

Title: HPF1 remodels the active site of PARP1 to enable the serine ADP-ribosylation of histones.

PubMed ID: 33589610

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21302-4

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1014
  • Mass: 113084
  • Checksum: 6A5FC01EB91C046B
  • Sequence:
  • MAESSDKLYR VEYAKSGRAS CKKCSESIPK DSLRMAIMVQ SPMFDGKVPH WYHFSCFWKV 
    GHSIRHPDVE VDGFSELRWD DQQKVKKTAE AGGVTGKGQD GIGSKAEKTL GDFAAEYAKS 
    NRSTCKGCME KIEKGQVRLS KKMVDPEKPQ LGMIDRWYHP GCFVKNREEL GFRPEYSASQ 
    LKGFSLLATE DKEALKKQLP GVKSEGKRKG DEVDGVDEVA KKKSKKEKDK DSKLEKALKA 
    QNDLIWNIKD ELKKVCSTND LKELLIFNKQ QVPSGESAIL DRVADGMVFG ALLPCEECSG 
    QLVFKSDAYY CTGDVTAWTK CMVKTQTPNR KEWVTPKEFR EISYLKKLKV KKQDRIFPPE 
    TSASVAATPP PSTASAPAAV NSSASADKPL SNMKILTLGK LSRNKDEVKA MIEKLGGKLT 
    GTANKASLCI STKKEVEKMN KKMEEVKEAN IRVVSEDFLQ DVSASTKSLQ ELFLAHILSP 
    WGAEVKAEPV EVVAPRGKSG AALSKKSKGQ VKEEGINKSE KRMKLTLKGG AAVDPDSGLE 
    HSAHVLEKGG KVFSATLGLV DIVKGTNSYY KLQLLEDDKE NRYWIFRSWG RVGTVIGSNK 
    LEQMPSKEDA IEHFMKLYEE KTGNAWHSKN FTKYPKKFYP LEIDYGQDEE AVKKLTVNPG 
    TKSKLPKPVQ DLIKMIFDVE SMKKAMVEYE IDLQKMPLGK LSKRQIQAAY SILSEVQQAV 
    SQGSSDSQIL DLSNRFYTLI PHDFGMKKPP LLNNADSVQA KVEMLDNLLD IEVAYSLLRG 
    GSDDSSKDPI DVNYEKLKTD IKVVDRDSEE AEIIRKYVKN THATTHNAYD LEVIDIFKIE 
    REGECQRYKP FKQLHNRRLL WHGSRTTNFA GILSQGLRIA PPEAPVTGYM FGKGIYFADM 
    VSKSANYCHT SQGDPIGLIL LGEVALGNMY ELKHASHISK LPKGKHSVKG LGKTTPDPSA 
    NISLDGVDVP LGTGISSGVN DTSLLYNEYI VYDIAQVNLK YLLKLKFNFK TSLW