Details for: CS

Gene ID: 1431

Symbol: CS

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000062485

Description: citrate synthase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 180.2370
    Cell Significance Index: -28.0400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 103.1764
    Cell Significance Index: -26.1700
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 82.4134
    Cell Significance Index: -33.9500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 64.6889
    Cell Significance Index: -33.2800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 25.1915
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 12.1600
    Cell Significance Index: -32.5800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 8.0131
    Cell Significance Index: -31.6200
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 7.4916
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0100
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 5.2500
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 3.7763
    Cell Significance Index: 373.5600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 2.2778
    Cell Significance Index: 265.4500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.7776
    Cell Significance Index: 47.6300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.6650
    Cell Significance Index: 99.9600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.4315
    Cell Significance Index: 155.7100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.1234
    Cell Significance Index: 182.7100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.9596
    Cell Significance Index: 192.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.9422
    Cell Significance Index: 72.3000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.9232
    Cell Significance Index: 183.2200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.8435
    Cell Significance Index: 99.4800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.8408
    Cell Significance Index: 24.2300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.7364
    Cell Significance Index: 33.3800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.7139
    Cell Significance Index: 19.9500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.7062
    Cell Significance Index: 48.8400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.6843
    Cell Significance Index: 84.1400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.6044
    Cell Significance Index: 108.9500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5857
    Cell Significance Index: 528.8900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.5748
    Cell Significance Index: 29.8600
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 0.5522
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.5080
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.5014
    Cell Significance Index: 179.8400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.4974
    Cell Significance Index: 13.5400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4744
    Cell Significance Index: 259.1000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.4548
    Cell Significance Index: 314.5900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4496
    Cell Significance Index: 29.0100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.3886
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3816
    Cell Significance Index: 168.7000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.3457
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.2775
    Cell Significance Index: 47.3900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.2374
    Cell Significance Index: 11.0700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.2321
    Cell Significance Index: 31.8700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.2151
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.2127
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.1828
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8900
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.1803
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1480
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.1438
    Cell Significance Index: 16.4200
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 0.1311
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.1233
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0852
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0838
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0735
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0552
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.0326
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: 39.5400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -18.3600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7700
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0401
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: -0.0551
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0673
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0784
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0824
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1005
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1152
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.1359
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1671
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1876
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1940
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1996
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.2002
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2120
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2410
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2617
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.2639
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2701
    Cell Significance Index: -28.1200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.2731
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3295
    Cell Significance Index: -26.1000
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.3411
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.3448
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5500
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.3502
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3861
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.4620
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6700
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.4894
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4600
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.5475
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.5485
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.5915
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.5972
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzymatic activity:** CS is a biotin-containing enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate. 2. **Subcellular localization:** CS is primarily localized in the mitochondrial matrix, where it plays a crucial role in the TCA cycle. 3. **Regulation:** CS is subject to allosteric regulation by various metabolites, including ATP, ADP, and citrate, which modulate its activity in response to changes in energy status and metabolic flux. 4. **Expression:** CS is widely expressed in various cell types, including germ cells, enteroendocrine cells, adipocytes, and osteoclasts, highlighting its importance in different tissues and cell types. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle):** CS is a key enzyme in the TCA cycle, catalyzing the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate. 2. **Energy production:** The TCA cycle is a critical pathway for energy production, and CS plays a central role in this process. 3. **Biosynthesis:** CS is involved in the biosynthesis of various molecules, including fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides. 4. **Cellular homeostasis:** CS helps maintain cellular homeostasis by regulating energy metabolism and biosynthetic pathways. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Metabolic disorders:** Mutations in the CS gene have been associated with metabolic disorders, including mitochondrial myopathies and lactic acidosis. 2. **Cancer:** Altered expression of CS has been observed in various types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, and lung cancer. 3. **Neurological disorders:** CS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Dietary interventions:** Changes in CS activity have been observed in response to dietary interventions, highlighting the potential for dietary modifications to influence energy metabolism and disease risk. In conclusion, citrate synthase is a critical enzyme in the citric acid cycle and beyond, playing a central role in energy production, biosynthesis, and cellular homeostasis. Its significance extends beyond the TCA cycle, influencing various cellular processes and diseases. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of CS.

Genular Protein ID: 1891159060

Symbol: CISY_HUMAN

Name: Citrate synthase, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O75390 Q71UT9 Q7KZH0 Q96FZ8 Q9BWN8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 2 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CPTAC 3 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChEBI 9 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 7 EC 1 EMBL 8 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 9 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 SASBDB 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9809442

Title: Cloning and molecular analysis of the human citrate synthase gene.

PubMed ID: 9809442

DOI: 10.1139/g98-074

PubMed ID: 12549038

Title: Cloning and tissue expression pattern analysis of the human citrate synthase cDNA.

PubMed ID: 12549038

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15242332

Title: Vectorial proteomics reveal targeting, phosphorylation and specific fragmentation of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) at the surface of caveolae in human adipocytes.

PubMed ID: 15242332

DOI: 10.1042/bj20040647

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 28391595

Title: Human METTL12 is a mitochondrial methyltransferase that modifies citrate synthase.

PubMed ID: 28391595

DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12649

PubMed ID: 28887308

Title: Uncovering human METTL12 as a mitochondrial methyltransferase that modulates citrate synthase activity through metabolite-sensitive lysine methylation.

PubMed ID: 28887308

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808451

PubMed ID: 38297121

Title: Stress response silencing by an E3 ligase mutated in neurodegeneration.

PubMed ID: 38297121

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06985-7

PubMed ID: 31141475

Title: Comparative studies of Aspergillus fumigatus 2-methylcitrate synthase and human citrate synthase.

PubMed ID: 31141475

DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0106

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 466
  • Mass: 51712
  • Checksum: 459CB29C0BA06997
  • Sequence:
    • MALLTAAARL LGTKNASCLV LAARHASASS TNLKDILADL IPKEQARIKT FRQQHGKTVV 
GQITVDMMYG GMRGMKGLVY ETSVLDPDEG IRFRGFSIPE CQKLLPKAKG GEEPLPEGLF 
WLLVTGHIPT EEQVSWLSKE WAKRAALPSH VVTMLDNFPT NLHPMSQLSA AVTALNSESN 
FARAYAQGIS RTKYWELIYE DSMDLIAKLP CVAAKIYRNL YREGSGIGAI DSNLDWSHNF 
TNMLGYTDHQ FTELTRLYLT IHSDHEGGNV SAHTSHLVGS ALSDPYLSFA AAMNGLAGPL 
HGLANQEVLV WLTQLQKEVG KDVSDEKLRD YIWNTLNSGR VVPGYGHAVL RKTDPRYTCQ 
REFALKHLPN DPMFKLVAQL YKIVPNVLLE QGKAKNPWPN VDAHSGVLLQ YYGMTEMNYY 
TVLFGVSRAL GVLAQLIWSR ALGFPLERPK SMSTEGLMKF VDSKSG

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.