Details for: CSN2

Gene ID: 1447

Symbol: CSN2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135222

Description: casein beta

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: endothelial tip cell (CL0000704)
    Fold Change: 78.6708
    Cell Significance Index: 338.3000
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 13.1691
    Cell Significance Index: 213.2900
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: 2.7127
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 1.6971
    Cell Significance Index: 29.0100
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 1.0537
    Cell Significance Index: 11.9700
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.8762
    Cell Significance Index: 12.0200
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 0.3226
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3000
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000895)
    Fold Change: 0.2538
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: 0.1083
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1500
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: 0.0937
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0881
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1400
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: 0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2800
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: -0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: -0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0411
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive helper T cell (CL0000492)
    Fold Change: -0.0436
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0532
    Cell Significance Index: -39.4100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0551
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0563
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0585
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0587
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: -0.0601
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0604
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0607
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.0629
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.0695
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0696
    Cell Significance Index: -39.2600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0699
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0709
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0713
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0722
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0767
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: -0.0768
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: -0.0774
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: -0.0806
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: -0.0821
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0834
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3800
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0850
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: -0.0852
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.0854
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: brain vascular cell (CL4023072)
    Fold Change: -0.0858
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0880
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0902
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0920
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: -0.0931
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0936
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.0944
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: vein endothelial cell (CL0002543)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.0957
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.1007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: -0.1012
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: class switched memory B cell (CL0000972)
    Fold Change: -0.1043
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.1043
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1060
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: -0.1099
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: -0.1110
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: -0.1135
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1140
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: -0.1150
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell (CL0000313)
    Fold Change: -0.1159
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: -0.1188
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.1199
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: -0.1213
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.1218
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: -0.1224
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: -0.1258
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: -0.1263
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.1267
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7400
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: -0.1267
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: -0.1274
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: regulatory T cell (CL0000815)
    Fold Change: -0.1285
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: -0.1306
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: -0.1324
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: -0.1329
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: -0.1347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: -0.1366
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.1404
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: -0.1408
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: -0.1414
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.1416
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: -0.1432
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) (CL0000338)
    Fold Change: -0.1452
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.1505
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.1507
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: -0.1548
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: gamma-delta T cell (CL0000798)
    Fold Change: -0.1553
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** CSN2 is a protein-coding gene that encodes for the beta-casein protein, a major component of milk in mammals. The beta-casein protein is a phosphoprotein that plays a vital role in milk production and has been implicated in various cellular processes, including cell signaling, regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, and calcium ion transport. The CSN2 gene is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including oligodendrocyte precursor cells, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, microglial cells, blood vessel endothelial cells, T cells, plasma cells, B cells, renal beta-intercalated cells, and goblet cells. **Pathways and Functions:** CSN2 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Calcium ion binding and transport**: Beta-casein has been shown to bind to calcium ions, which is essential for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, neuronal signaling, and cell signaling. 2. **Cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibition**: CSN2 has been shown to inhibit the activity of cysteine-type endopeptidases, which are enzymes involved in protein degradation and cell signaling. 3. **Signaling by ERBB4**: Beta-casein has been shown to interact with the ERBB4 receptor tyrosine kinase, which is involved in cell signaling and proliferation. 4. **Nuclear signaling**: CSN2 has been shown to regulate nuclear signaling, which is essential for various cellular processes, including gene expression and cell growth. 5. **Protein binding**: Beta-casein has been shown to bind to various proteins, including receptors, enzymes, and other proteins, which is essential for its functions. **Clinical Significance:** The dysregulation of CSN2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Lactation disorders**: Abnormalities in CSN2 expression have been linked to lactation disorders, such as milk production deficiency and milk allergy. 2. **Cancer**: CSN2 has been shown to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including breast cancer and colon cancer, and has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. 3. **Neurological disorders**: CSN2 has been shown to be involved in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. 4. **Immune system disorders**: CSN2 has been shown to be involved in immune system disorders, including autoimmune diseases and allergies. In conclusion, CSN2 is a multifunctional gene that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including lactation, cell signaling, and immune system regulation. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of CSN2 and its implications for human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 613173947

Symbol: CASB_HUMAN

Name: Beta-casein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P05814 Q4VAZ9 Q9UCM5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 Allergome 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 8 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2387396

Title: Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding human milk beta-casein.

PubMed ID: 2387396

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81142-b

PubMed ID: 8112603

Title: Structure of the human beta-casein encoding gene.

PubMed ID: 8112603

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90754-4

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 6715339

Title: Human beta-casein. Amino acid sequence and identification of phosphorylation sites.

PubMed ID: 6715339

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42966-8

PubMed ID: 18847231

Title: Analysis of the human casein phosphoproteome by 2-D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS reveals new phosphoforms.

PubMed ID: 18847231

DOI: 10.1021/pr800387s

PubMed ID: 2717418

Title: Human beta-casein: partial cDNA sequence and apparent polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 2717418

DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.7.2869

PubMed ID: 1369431

Title: Plasmin cleavage of human beta-casein.

PubMed ID: 1369431

DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.1140

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 226
  • Mass: 25382
  • Checksum: 2619C524EA1358E8
  • Sequence:
    • MKVLILACLV ALALARETIE SLSSSEESIT EYKQKVEKVK HEDQQQGEDE HQDKIYPSFQ 
PQPLIYPFVE PIPYGFLPQN ILPLAQPAVV LPVPQPEIME VPKAKDTVYT KGRVMPVLKS 
PTIPFFDPQI PKLTDLENLH LPLPLLQPLM QQVPQPIPQT LALPPQPLWS VPQPKVLPIP 
QQVVPYPQRA VPVQALLLNQ ELLLNPTHQI YPVTQPLAPV HNPISV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.