Details for: CST2

Gene ID: 1470

Symbol: CST2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170369

Description: cystatin SA

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: 48.2549
    Cell Significance Index: 268.5900
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 43.2539
    Cell Significance Index: 902.0900
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 15.1052
    Cell Significance Index: 208.8600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 11.6072
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 6.1847
    Cell Significance Index: 105.7200
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 3.9032
    Cell Significance Index: 53.5300
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 3.4792
    Cell Significance Index: 45.0200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.4004
    Cell Significance Index: 37.5300
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.6853
    Cell Significance Index: 17.4600
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.2934
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8900
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0500
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0535
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0587
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0600
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0690
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9100
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: -0.0787
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.0808
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: -0.0895
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: -0.0920
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.0957
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: -0.0963
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.1031
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: myoblast (CL0000056)
    Fold Change: -0.1037
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.1056
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1800
  • Cell Name: unswitched memory B cell (CL0000970)
    Fold Change: -0.1071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: -0.1141
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1602
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.1846
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2015
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3800
  • Cell Name: muscle fibroblast (CL1001609)
    Fold Change: -0.2021
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.2062
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2174
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9800
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: -0.2204
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2298
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7700
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: -0.2416
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.2535
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5500
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2856
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2918
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3700
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.3683
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.3783
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7800
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.3927
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6700
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.4046
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2800
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.4072
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.4111
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8800
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: -0.4210
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9700
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.4373
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.4395
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.4472
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: -0.4475
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.4628
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8400
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.4750
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9900
  • Cell Name: granule cell (CL0000120)
    Fold Change: -0.4910
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5900
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: -0.4978
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7100
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: -0.5010
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4800
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.5085
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5400
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: -0.5101
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5000
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: -0.5125
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.5126
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: -0.5155
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell (CL0002062)
    Fold Change: -0.5357
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8800
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell (CL0000313)
    Fold Change: -0.5398
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7500
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.5458
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9900
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.5548
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: -0.5574
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0200
  • Cell Name: mucus secreting cell (CL0000319)
    Fold Change: -0.5590
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7100
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.5611
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8700
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.5661
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1400
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.5710
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.5744
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4800
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000900)
    Fold Change: -0.5786
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8300
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: -0.5904
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7700
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: -0.5978
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: -0.6019
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5600
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: -0.6059
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2500
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: -0.6096
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0000
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: -0.6097
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0200
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: -0.6110
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2200
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: -0.6154
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8100
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.6169
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9100
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.6169
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9000
  • Cell Name: glial cell (CL0000125)
    Fold Change: -0.6207
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8000
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: -0.6212
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.6219
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5400
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: -0.6234
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9800
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.6243
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9400
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: -0.6264
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Inhibitory function:** CST2 acts as a cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor, which means it can regulate the activity of enzymes involved in protein degradation and signaling pathways. 2. **Cellular expression:** CST2 is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and plasma cells, indicating its involvement in immune regulation and cellular homeostasis. 3. **Regulation of immune responses:** CST2 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, including the detection of chemical stimuli involved in sensory perception of bitter taste and negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. 4. **Protein binding:** CST2 interacts with various proteins, including other cysteine-type endopeptidases, suggesting its role in regulating protein-protein interactions. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibition:** CST2 inhibits cysteine-type endopeptidases, which are involved in protein degradation and signaling pathways, thereby regulating cellular homeostasis. 2. **Negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity:** CST2 negatively regulates the activity of cysteine-type endopeptidases, which can lead to changes in protein degradation and signaling pathways. 3. **Detection of chemical stimuli:** CST2 is involved in the detection of chemical stimuli involved in sensory perception of bitter taste, highlighting its role in regulating immune responses. 4. **Protein binding:** CST2 interacts with various proteins, including other cysteine-type endopeptidases, suggesting its role in regulating protein-protein interactions. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Immune disorders:** Dysregulation of CST2 expression or function may contribute to immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiency disorders. 2. **Cancer:** CST2 has been implicated in cancer progression, as it can regulate protein degradation and signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. 3. **Neurological disorders:** CST2 has been implicated in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, as it can regulate protein degradation and signaling pathways involved in disease progression. 4. **Therapeutic potential:** Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CST2 may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for immune regulation and cellular homeostasis. In conclusion, CST2 is a critical regulator of immune responses and cellular homeostasis, with implications for various diseases, including immune disorders, cancer, and neurological disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CST2 and its role in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3961827958

Symbol: CYTT_HUMAN

Name: Cystatin-SA

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P09228 Q9UCQ7

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 GO 5 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 2 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3446578

Title: Human cysteine-proteinase inhibitors: nucleotide sequence analysis of three members of the cystatin gene family.

PubMed ID: 3446578

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90196-x

PubMed ID: 11780052

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

PubMed ID: 11780052

DOI: 10.1038/414865a

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1778989

Title: Identification of full-sized forms of salivary (S-type) cystatins (cystatin SN, cystatin SA, cystatin S, and two phosphorylated forms of cystatin S) in human whole saliva and determination of phosphorylation sites of cystatin S.

PubMed ID: 1778989

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123634

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

PubMed ID: 3436950

Title: Characterization and amino acid sequence of a new acidic cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cystatin SA) structurally closely related to cystatin S, from human whole saliva.

PubMed ID: 3436950

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122107

PubMed ID: 3202964

Title: Cystatin superfamily. Evidence that family II cystatin genes are evolutionarily related to family III cystatin genes.

PubMed ID: 3202964

PubMed ID: 11879580

Title: Expression of type 2 cystatin genes CST1-CST5 in adult human tissues and the developing submandibular gland.

PubMed ID: 11879580

DOI: 10.1089/10445490252810311

PubMed ID: 20189825

Title: Confident assignment of intact mass tags to human salivary cystatins using top-down Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 20189825

DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.01.025

PubMed ID: 25946035

Title: Human basal tear peptidome characterization by CID, HCD, and ETD followed by in silico and in vitro analyses for antimicrobial peptide identification.

PubMed ID: 25946035

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00179

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 141
  • Mass: 16445
  • Checksum: EB54915B1B977AA2
  • Sequence:
    • MAWPLCTLLL LLATQAVALA WSPQEEDRII EGGIYDADLN DERVQRALHF VISEYNKATE 
DEYYRRLLRV LRAREQIVGG VNYFFDIEVG RTICTKSQPN LDTCAFHEQP ELQKKQLCSF 
QIYEVPWEDR MSLVNSRCQE A

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.