Details for: CST4

Gene ID: 1472

Symbol: CST4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101441

Description: cystatin S

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: 73.0408
    Cell Significance Index: 406.5500
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 59.4936
    Cell Significance Index: 1240.7800
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 20.6792
    Cell Significance Index: 267.1700
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 16.5454
    Cell Significance Index: 262.4900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 7.5363
    Cell Significance Index: 264.8200
  • Cell Name: colon endothelial cell (CL1001572)
    Fold Change: 6.5022
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 3.6001
    Cell Significance Index: 220.7200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 2.9913
    Cell Significance Index: 74.7800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 2.2713
    Cell Significance Index: 65.4400
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 1.4321
    Cell Significance Index: 19.0900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.2987
    Cell Significance Index: 58.8700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.8252
    Cell Significance Index: 157.0400
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6965
    Cell Significance Index: 138.2300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6373
    Cell Significance Index: 63.0500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6127
    Cell Significance Index: 553.2100
  • Cell Name: erythroid lineage cell (CL0000764)
    Fold Change: 0.5215
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7500
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.5176
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1774
    Cell Significance Index: 28.8500
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: 0.1230
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0200
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0712
    Cell Significance Index: -38.9100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0822
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0907
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1301
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.1639
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: -0.1646
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.1670
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2007
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.2020
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: -0.2103
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2108
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9800
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: -0.2143
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.2322
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2100
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.2331
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.2399
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: -0.2445
    Cell Significance Index: -26.5900
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.2475
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9600
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: -0.2503
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: -0.2568
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.2668
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: -0.2762
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: -0.2801
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001078)
    Fold Change: -0.2807
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: -0.2808
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: -0.2886
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: -0.2907
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: -0.2924
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: -0.3192
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: -0.3221
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.3236
    Cell Significance Index: -44.4400
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: -0.3343
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.3403
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5900
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.3515
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7800
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: -0.3609
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.3774
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.3805
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7900
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: -0.3843
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1800
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.4033
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.4043
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1400
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: -0.4051
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: -0.4075
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.4240
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1800
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -0.4247
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: IgG plasma cell (CL0000985)
    Fold Change: -0.4250
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8900
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.4466
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: -0.4629
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.4735
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: -0.4803
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1700
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.5018
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3400
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: -0.5053
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: -0.5580
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3300
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: -0.5598
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.5811
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.6017
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0700
  • Cell Name: IgA plasma cell (CL0000987)
    Fold Change: -0.6102
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0600
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: -0.6159
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.6386
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7700
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.6516
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8200
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of Cajal (CL0002088)
    Fold Change: -0.6529
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1400
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.6712
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: -0.6969
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: -0.6985
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2000
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: -0.7013
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.7149
    Cell Significance Index: -42.9200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: -0.7316
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9000
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: -0.7954
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4400
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: -0.8039
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5000
  • Cell Name: glial cell (CL0000125)
    Fold Change: -0.8050
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8200
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: -0.8336
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure and Function:** CST4 is a cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor, which means it binds to and inhibits cysteine-type endopeptidases, a family of proteases involved in various cellular processes, including protein degradation and tissue remodeling. 2. **Cellular Expression:** CST4 is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including plasma cells, T cells, B cells, pericytes, cardiac endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, such as enterocytes and goblet cells. 3. **Tissue Distribution:** CST4 is highly expressed in immune organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, and in epithelial tissues, including the small intestine and colon. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Negative Regulation of Cysteine-Type Endopeptidase Activity:** CST4 inhibits cysteine-type endopeptidases, which are involved in the degradation of various proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. 2. **Negative Regulation of Proteolysis:** CST4 also regulates proteolytic activity in epithelial cells, where it inhibits the activity of proteases involved in tissue remodeling and cell migration. 3. **Detection of Chemical Stimulus Involved in Sensory Perception of Bitter Taste:** CST4 is involved in the detection of chemical stimuli involved in the perception of bitter taste, which is mediated by the T2R family of G-protein coupled receptors. 4. **Extracellular Space:** CST4 is secreted into the extracellular space, where it can interact with other proteins and regulate various cellular processes. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Immune Disorders:** Alterations in CST4 expression have been observed in various immune disorders, including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, and immunodeficiency diseases, such as HIV/AIDS. 2. **Cancer:** CST4 has been implicated in cancer progression, where it regulates proteolytic activity and cell migration in epithelial cells. 3. **Metabolic Disorders:** CST4 is involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, which is relevant to the development of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. 4. **Bitter Taste Dysregulation:** Alterations in CST4 expression have been observed in individuals with bitter taste dysregulation, a condition characterized by impaired perception of bitter taste. In conclusion, CST4 is a multifunctional protein that regulates cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, proteolysis, and cellular processes involved in immune and metabolic regulation. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including immune disorders, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which CST4 regulates various cellular processes and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1736355651

Symbol: CYTS_HUMAN

Name: Cystatin-S

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01036 Q9UBI5 Q9UCS9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1898352

Title: Human salivary cystatin S. Cloning, sequence analysis, hybridization in situ and immunocytochemistry.

PubMed ID: 1898352

DOI: 10.1042/bj2780627

PubMed ID: 1334620

Title: Characterization of two members (CST4 and CST5) of the cystatin gene family and molecular evolution of cystatin genes.

PubMed ID: 1334620

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7321-5_43

PubMed ID: 11780052

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

PubMed ID: 11780052

DOI: 10.1038/414865a

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3496880

Title: Identification of a long form of cystatin from human saliva by rapid microbore HPLC mapping.

PubMed ID: 3496880

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91571-3

PubMed ID: 1747107

Title: Large-scale purification and characterization of the major phosphoproteins and mucins of human submandibular-sublingual saliva.

PubMed ID: 1747107

DOI: 10.1042/bj2800341

PubMed ID: 1778989

Title: Identification of full-sized forms of salivary (S-type) cystatins (cystatin SN, cystatin SA, cystatin S, and two phosphorylated forms of cystatin S) in human whole saliva and determination of phosphorylation sites of cystatin S.

PubMed ID: 1778989

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123634

PubMed ID: 1741693

Title: The effects of human salivary cystatins and statherin on hydroxyapatite crystallization.

PubMed ID: 1741693

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(91)90014-l

PubMed ID: 6501254

Title: Isolation and amino acid sequence of SAP-1, an acidic protein of human whole saliva, and sequence homology with human gamma-trace.

PubMed ID: 6501254

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134861

PubMed ID: 25946035

Title: Human basal tear peptidome characterization by CID, HCD, and ETD followed by in silico and in vitro analyses for antimicrobial peptide identification.

PubMed ID: 25946035

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00179

PubMed ID: 6394600

Title: Cystatin S: a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of human saliva.

PubMed ID: 6394600

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134952

PubMed ID: 1898055

Title: Salivary cystatin SA-III, a potential precursor of the acquired enamel pellicle, is phosphorylated at both its amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions.

PubMed ID: 1898055

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90249-i

PubMed ID: 20189825

Title: Confident assignment of intact mass tags to human salivary cystatins using top-down Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 20189825

DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.01.025

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 141
  • Mass: 16214
  • Checksum: 65B1FEB8F074DEA6
  • Sequence:
    • MARPLCTLLL LMATLAGALA SSSKEENRII PGGIYDADLN DEWVQRALHF AISEYNKATE 
DEYYRRPLQV LRAREQTFGG VNYFFDVEVG RTICTKSQPN LDTCAFHEQP ELQKKQLCSF 
EIYEVPWEDR MSLVNSRCQE A

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.