Details for: CSTA

Gene ID: 1475

Symbol: CSTA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000121552

Description: cystatin A

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 122.7939
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 78.2201
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8400
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 38.3759
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7400
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 19.0155
    Cell Significance Index: 163.4000
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 15.1992
    Cell Significance Index: -18.7400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 5.3048
    Cell Significance Index: 141.9000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 5.0532
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9400
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 4.4452
    Cell Significance Index: 29.4900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 4.2859
    Cell Significance Index: 79.2200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 3.2028
    Cell Significance Index: 21.2600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 3.0487
    Cell Significance Index: 85.2000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 2.4622
    Cell Significance Index: 67.0200
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 1.7169
    Cell Significance Index: 15.8100
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 1.3957
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.9957
    Cell Significance Index: 24.8900
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 0.9404
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.8166
    Cell Significance Index: 57.7500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.7441
    Cell Significance Index: 328.9800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.6997
    Cell Significance Index: 86.0400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.5825
    Cell Significance Index: 105.0200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.5411
    Cell Significance Index: 28.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.3424
    Cell Significance Index: 20.9900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2944
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2736
    Cell Significance Index: 52.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1788
    Cell Significance Index: 20.8400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: 23.6700
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: -25.7700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -25.6300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -25.3400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0195
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0257
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -18.6300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: -0.0294
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0308
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0358
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0401
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0466
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0537
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0558
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0732
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0799
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0822
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0835
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0875
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0915
    Cell Significance Index: -18.3600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0934
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0956
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1011
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1059
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.1074
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.1197
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1222
    Cell Significance Index: -17.7700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1230
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1271
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1311
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1517
    Cell Significance Index: -19.4500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1586
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1825
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2056
    Cell Significance Index: -23.5500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.2066
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.2387
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2861
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2982
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8900
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.2999
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3043
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4600
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: -0.3158
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.3268
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7800
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.3382
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.3388
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3600
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: -0.3411
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3412
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9700
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.3460
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: -0.3522
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.3558
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2000
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.3681
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.4245
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7900
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.4260
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6400
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.4379
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.4392
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9900
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.4430
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8600
  • Cell Name: mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland (CL4033037)
    Fold Change: -0.4493
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: -0.4543
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.4687
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5600
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.4981
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.5043
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7400
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.5435
    Cell Significance Index: -24.0400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.5663
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.5816
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1300
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.5994
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.6024
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.6184
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.6333
    Cell Significance Index: -23.9800
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: -0.6507
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Cystatin A is a small, secreted protein that belongs to the cysteine protease inhibitor family. It is composed of 99 amino acids and is expressed in various cell types, including stratified epithelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. CSTA is characterized by its ability to inhibit cysteine proteases, such as cathepsins, and has been shown to play a role in regulating cellular differentiation, particularly in keratinocytes. **Pathways and Functions:** Cystatin A is involved in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Cell-cell adhesion**: CSTA has been shown to play a role in maintaining cell-cell adhesion, particularly in stratified epithelial cells. 2. **Keratinization**: CSTA is involved in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation, which is critical for the development of the cornified envelope, a key component of the skin's outermost layer. 3. **Negative regulation of peptidase activity**: CSTA inhibits cysteine proteases, which are involved in various cellular processes, including protein degradation and cell signaling. 4. **Protease binding**: CSTA can bind to proteases, such as cathepsins, and inhibit their activity. **Clinical Significance:** Cystatin A has been implicated in several diseases, including: 1. **Skin disorders**: CSTA has been shown to play a role in the development of skin disorders, such as psoriasis and epidermolysis bullosa simplex. 2. **Cancer**: CSTA has been found to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including lung and breast cancer. 3. **Immune regulation**: CSTA has been shown to play a role in regulating immune responses, particularly in the context of inflammation and tissue injury. In conclusion, CSTA is a small protein that plays a critical role in regulating cellular differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, and immune responses. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the functions and clinical significance of CSTA. **Future Directions:** Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which CSTA regulates cellular differentiation and immune responses. Additionally, the clinical significance of CSTA in various diseases highlights the potential for therapeutic targeting of this protein in the treatment of skin disorders and cancer.

Genular Protein ID: 3284724585

Symbol: CYTA_HUMAN

Name: Cystatin-A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01040 Q6IB90

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 14 PDBsum 14 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6689312

Title: Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. II. Primary structure of stefin, a cytosolic protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes.

PubMed ID: 6689312

DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.2.1481

PubMed ID: 2768224

Title: Comparative studies on the primary structure of human cystatin as from epidermis, liver, spleen, and leukocytes.

PubMed ID: 2768224

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122792

PubMed ID: 2442723

Title: Effects of UV, 4-NQO and TPA on gene expression in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes.

PubMed ID: 2442723

DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.15.5945

PubMed ID: 9522124

Title: Genomic structure of human cystatin A.

PubMed ID: 9522124

DOI: 10.3109/10425179709020888

PubMed ID: 9651321

Title: Structure and transcriptional regulation of the human cystatin A gene. The 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) responsive element-2 site (-272 to -278) on cystatin a gene is critical for tpa-dependent regulation.

PubMed ID: 9651321

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17375

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1940442

Title: Molecular cloning, occurrence, and expression of a novel partially secreted protein 'psoriasin' that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin.

PubMed ID: 1940442

DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12484041

PubMed ID: 1286667

Title: Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes.

PubMed ID: 1286667

DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301199

PubMed ID: 21944047

Title: Mutations in CSTA, encoding Cystatin A, underlie exfoliative ichthyosis and reveal a role for this protease inhibitor in cell-cell adhesion.

PubMed ID: 21944047

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.09.001

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 7869384

Title: The three-dimensional solution structure of human stefin A.

PubMed ID: 7869384

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.0088

PubMed ID: 7578072

Title: Solution structure of a human cystatin A variant, cystatin A2-98 M65L, by NMR spectroscopy. A possible role of the interactions between the N- and C-termini to maintain the inhibitory active form of cystatin A.

PubMed ID: 7578072

DOI: 10.1021/bi00045a004

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 98
  • Mass: 11006
  • Checksum: 2F5F0D61C91305EE
  • Sequence:
    • MIPGGLSEAK PATPEIQEIV DKVKPQLEEK TNETYGKLEA VQYKTQVVAG TNYYIKVRAG 
DNKYMHLKVF KSLPGQNEDL VLTGYQVDKN KDDELTGF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.