Details for: ADRA1A

Gene ID: 148

Symbol: ADRA1A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120907

Description: adrenoceptor alpha 1A

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 5.8680
    Cell Significance Index: 394.5700
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 3.7063
    Cell Significance Index: 46.6700
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.0294
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 2.7845
    Cell Significance Index: 213.6800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 2.3907
    Cell Significance Index: 33.4300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: 1.6922
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.5483
    Cell Significance Index: 555.3400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.7855
    Cell Significance Index: 543.2600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.6546
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.5008
    Cell Significance Index: 72.7900
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.4755
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0100
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 0.3377
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.2963
    Cell Significance Index: 557.8300
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.1614
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0892
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0563
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: -23.5300
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0211
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -26.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: -26.9400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0473
    Cell Significance Index: -26.7000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0673
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.0746
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0791
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7000
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0927
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0940
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.1122
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1283
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1444
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6600
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1449
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1456
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1653
    Cell Significance Index: -22.7000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1721
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1600
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1941
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1944
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2025
    Cell Significance Index: -21.0900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.2163
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2338
    Cell Significance Index: -26.7800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.2362
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.2569
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.2604
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2936
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7300
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.3236
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8700
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.3252
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.3369
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1100
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.3609
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.3709
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.3733
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.3745
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.3896
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.3941
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.3965
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.4229
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.4282
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0000
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.4345
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0900
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.4370
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6400
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.4425
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.4499
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.4552
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.4979
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.5395
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4600
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.5460
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.5624
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.5777
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.6014
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4600
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.6058
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8300
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.6090
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.6161
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.6562
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8500
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.6630
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.6935
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3000
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.7087
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1300
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.7098
    Cell Significance Index: -17.7000
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.7128
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2700
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.7462
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.7480
    Cell Significance Index: -21.5500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.7500
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0900
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.7728
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.7994
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9200
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.8140
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4000
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.8215
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.8613
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.8725
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7500
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.8776
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.9025
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.9279
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.9464
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2700
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.9490
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6600
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.9681
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5400
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.9900
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.9953
    Cell Significance Index: -26.6700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -1.0196
    Cell Significance Index: -51.5300
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -1.0388
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the class I (rhodopsin-like receptors) and is activated by the binding of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Upon activation, the receptor triggers a signaling cascade that involves the activation of phospholipase C, adenylate cyclase, and other downstream effectors. The receptor also exhibits a high degree of affinity for its ligands, with a Kd value of approximately 1 nM. The ADRA1A gene is highly polymorphic, with multiple variants that have been associated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and other conditions. **Pathways and Functions** The ADRA1A gene encodes for a receptor that is involved in various signaling pathways, including: 1. **Adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway**: The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, which in turn modulates various cellular responses, including cardiac contraction, smooth muscle contraction, and neuronal signaling. 2. **G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway**: The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor is a member of the GPCR family and is activated by the binding of epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to a signaling cascade that involves the activation of G proteins and other downstream effectors. 3. **Calcium ion transport into cytosol**: The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor is also involved in regulating calcium ion transport into the cytosol, which is essential for cardiac muscle contraction and neuronal signaling. 4. **Apoptotic process**: The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor has been shown to regulate the apoptotic process, with activation of the receptor leading to a decrease in apoptosis and an increase in cell survival. **Clinical Significance** The ADRA1A gene has been associated with various clinical conditions, including: 1. **Cardiovascular disease**: Variants of the ADRA1A gene have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. 2. **Hypertension**: The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, and variants of the ADRA1A gene have been associated with an increased risk of hypertension. 3. **Neurological disorders**: The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor is also involved in regulating neuronal signaling, and variants of the ADRA1A gene have been associated with neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. 4. **Cancer**: The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor has been shown to regulate cell growth and proliferation, and variants of the ADRA1A gene have been associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancer, including breast cancer and prostate cancer. In conclusion, the ADRA1A gene encodes for a receptor that plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including cardiovascular function, neuronal signaling, and cell growth. The receptor is highly expressed in cardiac muscle cells, interneurons, and other cell types involved in the nervous system, and variants of the ADRA1A gene have been associated with various clinical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and neurological disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 3604890831

Symbol: ADA1A_HUMAN

Name: Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8396931

Title: Cloning, functional expression and tissue distribution of human cDNA for the alpha 1C-adrenergic receptor.

PubMed ID: 8396931

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2130

PubMed ID: 8024574

Title: Cloning, expression and characterization of human alpha adrenergic receptors alpha 1a, alpha 1b and alpha 1c.

PubMed ID: 8024574

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1845

PubMed ID: 8183249

Title: The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor that mediates smooth muscle contraction in human prostate has the pharmacological properties of the cloned human alpha 1c subtype.

PubMed ID: 8183249

PubMed ID: 8564208

Title: The alpha 1C-adrenoceptor in human prostate: cloning, functional expression, and localization to specific prostatic cell types.

PubMed ID: 8564208

DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16640.x

PubMed ID: 7737411

Title: Cloning, functional expression and tissue distribution of human alpha 1c-adrenoceptor splice variants.

PubMed ID: 7737411

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00330-c

PubMed ID: 7815325

Title: Cloning and pharmacological characterization of human alpha-1 adrenergic receptors: sequence corrections and direct comparison with other species homologues.

PubMed ID: 7815325

PubMed ID: 9490024

Title: Molecular cloning, genomic characterization and expression of novel human alpha1A-adrenoceptor isoforms.

PubMed ID: 9490024

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00024-6

PubMed ID: 10493934

Title: Truncated isoforms inhibit [3H]prazosin binding and cellular trafficking of native human alpha1A-adrenoceptors.

PubMed ID: 10493934

DOI: 10.1042/bj3430231

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8196478

Title: Identification of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes present in the human prostate.

PubMed ID: 8196478

DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)90031-0

PubMed ID: 18802028

Title: Nuclear alpha1-adrenergic receptors signal activated ERK localization to caveolae in adult cardiac myocytes.

PubMed ID: 18802028

DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.176024

PubMed ID: 22120526

Title: Nuclear localization drives alpha1-adrenergic receptor oligomerization and signaling in cardiac myocytes.

PubMed ID: 22120526

DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.014

PubMed ID: 24567387

Title: MURC/Cavin-4 facilitates recruitment of ERK to caveolae and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by alpha1-adrenergic receptors.

PubMed ID: 24567387

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315359111

PubMed ID: 8832064

Title: Alpha 1a-adrenoceptor polymorphism: pharmacological characterization and association with benign prostatic hypertrophy.

PubMed ID: 8832064

DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15552.x

PubMed ID: 15179408

Title: Alpha 1A-adrenergic receptor polymorphism and vascular response.

PubMed ID: 15179408

DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.02.006

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 466
  • Mass: 51487
  • Checksum: 1A50487531DECDF0
  • Sequence:
  • MVFLSGNASD SSNCTQPPAP VNISKAILLG VILGGLILFG VLGNILVILS VACHRHLHSV 
    THYYIVNLAV ADLLLTSTVL PFSAIFEVLG YWAFGRVFCN IWAAVDVLCC TASIMGLCII 
    SIDRYIGVSY PLRYPTIVTQ RRGLMALLCV WALSLVISIG PLFGWRQPAP EDETICQINE 
    EPGYVLFSAL GSFYLPLAII LVMYCRVYVV AKRESRGLKS GLKTDKSDSE QVTLRIHRKN 
    APAGGSGMAS AKTKTHFSVR LLKFSREKKA AKTLGIVVGC FVLCWLPFFL VMPIGSFFPD 
    FKPSETVFKI VFWLGYLNSC INPIIYPCSS QEFKKAFQNV LRIQCLCRKQ SSKHALGYTL 
    HPPSQAVEGQ HKDMVRIPVG SRETFYRISK TDGVCEWKFF SSMPRGSARI TVSKDQSSCT 
    TARVRSKSFL QVCCCVGPST PSLDKNHQVP TIKVHTISLS ENGEEV

Genular Protein ID: 2888964645

Symbol: B0ZBD3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 475
  • Mass: 52205
  • Checksum: DE3CEEDD1AB3E56D
  • Sequence:
  • MVFLSGNASD SSNCTQPPAP VNISKAILLG VILGGLILFG VLGNILVILS VACHRHLHSV 
    THYYIVNLAV ADLLLTSTVL PFSAIFEVLG YWAFGRVFCN IWAAVDVLCC TASIMGLCII 
    SIDRYIGVSY PLRYPTIVTQ RRGLMALLCV WALSLVISIG PLFGWRQPAP EDETICQINE 
    EPGYVLFSAL GSFYLPLAII LVMYCRVYVV AKRESRGLKS GLKTDKSDSE QVTLRIHRKN 
    APAGGSGMAS AKTKTHFSVR LLKFSREKKA AKTLGIVVGC FVLCWLPFFL VMPIGSFFPD 
    FKPSETVFKI VFWLGYLNSC INPIIYPCSS QEFKKAFQNV LRIQCLCRKQ SSKHALGYTL 
    HPPSQAVEGQ HKDMVRIPVG SRETFYRISK TDGVCEWKFF SSMPRGSARI TVSKDQSSCT 
    TARTKSRSVT RLECSGMILA HCNLRLPGSR DSPASASQAA GTTGMCHQAD ATRPS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.