Details for: AANAT

Gene ID: 15

Symbol: AANAT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129673

Description: aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 11.1968
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8400
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 6.1599
    Cell Significance Index: 47.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 3.0229
    Cell Significance Index: 185.3300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.3684
    Cell Significance Index: 51.3100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 2.3277
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.8974
    Cell Significance Index: 60.7700
  • Cell Name: OFF-bipolar cell (CL0000750)
    Fold Change: 1.5938
    Cell Significance Index: 14.0400
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 1.0560
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8000
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 1.0246
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.8977
    Cell Significance Index: 170.8300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.5522
    Cell Significance Index: 54.6300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.5299
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4762
    Cell Significance Index: 430.0000
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.3913
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3532
    Cell Significance Index: 38.4200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3148
    Cell Significance Index: 18.9000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3002
    Cell Significance Index: 48.8200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1862
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0655
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1300
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: 0.0558
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9900
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0403
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0346
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0303
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0284
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7000
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.0178
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4000
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: 15.6000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9600
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of sweat gland (CL1000448)
    Fold Change: 0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: invaginating midget bipolar cell (CL4033034)
    Fold Change: -0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3400
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0234
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0234
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: -0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: diffuse bipolar 1 cell (CL4033027)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8400
  • Cell Name: flat midget bipolar cell (CL4033033)
    Fold Change: -0.0298
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: -0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0302
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0333
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0356
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0384
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.0388
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0397
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0424
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0459
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0468
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0472
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0482
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9600
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: -0.0498
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0514
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0518
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0524
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0532
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0544
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** AANAT is a cytosolic enzyme, specifically located in the perinuclear region of the cell, where it catalyzes the N-acetylation of aralkylamines, such as tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This reaction is essential for the biosynthesis of melatonin from serotonin, a process that occurs in the pineal gland, retina, and other tissues. AANAT is a member of the SNAT family, which includes other N-acetyltransferases involved in various cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions:** AANAT plays a pivotal role in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, which is tightly regulated by the circadian clock. The enzyme is activated by the transcription factor PER2, which is induced by the light-dark cycle, and inhibited by the transcription factor BMAL1. This regulation ensures that melatonin production is synchronized with the external environment. Melatonin, in turn, influences various physiological processes, including: 1. **Circadian rhythm regulation**: Melatonin helps maintain the sleep-wake cycle by modulating the expression of clock genes. 2. **Sleep-wake cycle regulation**: Melatonin promotes sleep and relaxation, while its absence enhances wakefulness and alertness. 3. **Mood modulation**: Melatonin has been implicated in the regulation of mood and emotional responses, particularly in individuals with depression and anxiety disorders. 4. **Cardiovascular function**: Melatonin has been shown to have vasodilatory effects and may help regulate blood pressure. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of AANAT activity has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Melatonin deficiency**: Individuals with AANAT deficiency or mutations in the AANAT gene exhibit impaired melatonin production, leading to sleep disorders, circadian rhythm disruptions, and mood disturbances. 2. **Circadian rhythm disorders**: AANAT dysregulation has been linked to various circadian rhythm disorders, including delayed sleep phase syndrome and non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. 3. **Depression and anxiety**: Melatonin dysregulation has been proposed as a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. 4. **Cardiovascular disease**: Melatonin's vasodilatory effects may help regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, AANAT is a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of melatonin and serotonin, with significant implications for human health and disease. Further research into the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of AANAT will provide valuable insights into the regulation of circadian rhythms, mood modulation, and cardiovascular function, ultimately informing the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of related disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 1782899179

Symbol: SNAT_HUMAN

Name: Serotonin N-acetyltransferase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q16613 A0AVF2 J3KMZ5 Q562F4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 8 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 6 EC 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 20 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8661026

Title: The human serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87) gene (AANAT): structure, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression.

PubMed ID: 8661026

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0243

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11313340

Title: cAMP regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT, EC 2.3.1.87): a new cell line (1E7) provides evidence of intracellular AANAT activation.

PubMed ID: 11313340

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011298200

PubMed ID: 11427721

Title: Role of a pineal cAMP-operated arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase/14-3-3-binding switch in melatonin synthesis.

PubMed ID: 11427721

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.141118798

PubMed ID: 18212399

Title: Role of melatonin in upper gastrointestinal tract.

PubMed ID: 18212399

PubMed ID: 12736803

Title: Significant association of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) gene with delayed sleep phase syndrome.

PubMed ID: 12736803

DOI: 10.1007/s10048-002-0141-9

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 207
  • Mass: 23344
  • Checksum: 7476612F3661E0D5
  • Sequence:
    • MSTQSTHPLK PEAPRLPPGI PESPSCQRRH TLPASEFRCL TPEDAVSAFE IEREAFISVL 
GVCPLYLDEI RHFLTLCPEL SLGWFEEGCL VAFIIGSLWD KERLMQESLT LHRSGGHIAH 
LHVLAVHRAF RQQGRGPILL WRYLHHLGSQ PAVRRAALMC EDALVPFYER FSFHAVGPCA 
ITVGSLTFME LHCSLRGHPF LRRNSGC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.