Details for: AANAT

Gene ID: 15

Symbol: AANAT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129673

Description: aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 3.22
    Marker Score: 1,784
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Marker Score: 2,227
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 1,040
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 1,173
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 3,281
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 858
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4,820
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 2,152
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 676
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 6,949
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,832
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,057
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 511
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 464
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,409
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 391
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,353
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 375
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 14,454
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2,742
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 327
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 405
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,292
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 1,705
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 484
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 437
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 596
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1,264
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 710
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 398
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 423
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 227
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 179
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 210
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 373
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 236
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 450
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 361
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 129
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 1,356
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 145
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 277
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 383
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 855
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 156
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 302
  • Cell Name: OFF-bipolar cell (CL0000750)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 885
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 306
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 88
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 87
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 74
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 86
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 132
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 104
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 126
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 234
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 105
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 43
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 49
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 58
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 666
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 1,164
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 61
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 231
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 50
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 1,198
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 290
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 139
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 393
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 83
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 171
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 34
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 133
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 61
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 93
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 70
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000897)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 42
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 4,388
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of glomerular capsule (CL1000450)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 2,592
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 77
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 193
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: glycinergic amacrine cell (CL4030028)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 62
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 34
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 3,561
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 79
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 17

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** AANAT is a cytosolic enzyme, specifically located in the perinuclear region of the cell, where it catalyzes the N-acetylation of aralkylamines, such as tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This reaction is essential for the biosynthesis of melatonin from serotonin, a process that occurs in the pineal gland, retina, and other tissues. AANAT is a member of the SNAT family, which includes other N-acetyltransferases involved in various cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions:** AANAT plays a pivotal role in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, which is tightly regulated by the circadian clock. The enzyme is activated by the transcription factor PER2, which is induced by the light-dark cycle, and inhibited by the transcription factor BMAL1. This regulation ensures that melatonin production is synchronized with the external environment. Melatonin, in turn, influences various physiological processes, including: 1. **Circadian rhythm regulation**: Melatonin helps maintain the sleep-wake cycle by modulating the expression of clock genes. 2. **Sleep-wake cycle regulation**: Melatonin promotes sleep and relaxation, while its absence enhances wakefulness and alertness. 3. **Mood modulation**: Melatonin has been implicated in the regulation of mood and emotional responses, particularly in individuals with depression and anxiety disorders. 4. **Cardiovascular function**: Melatonin has been shown to have vasodilatory effects and may help regulate blood pressure. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of AANAT activity has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Melatonin deficiency**: Individuals with AANAT deficiency or mutations in the AANAT gene exhibit impaired melatonin production, leading to sleep disorders, circadian rhythm disruptions, and mood disturbances. 2. **Circadian rhythm disorders**: AANAT dysregulation has been linked to various circadian rhythm disorders, including delayed sleep phase syndrome and non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. 3. **Depression and anxiety**: Melatonin dysregulation has been proposed as a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. 4. **Cardiovascular disease**: Melatonin's vasodilatory effects may help regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, AANAT is a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of melatonin and serotonin, with significant implications for human health and disease. Further research into the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of AANAT will provide valuable insights into the regulation of circadian rhythms, mood modulation, and cardiovascular function, ultimately informing the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of related disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 1782899179

Symbol: SNAT_HUMAN

Name: Serotonin N-acetyltransferase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8661026

Title: The human serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87) gene (AANAT): structure, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression.

PubMed ID: 8661026

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0243

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11313340

Title: cAMP regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT, EC 2.3.1.87): a new cell line (1E7) provides evidence of intracellular AANAT activation.

PubMed ID: 11313340

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011298200

PubMed ID: 11427721

Title: Role of a pineal cAMP-operated arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase/14-3-3-binding switch in melatonin synthesis.

PubMed ID: 11427721

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.141118798

PubMed ID: 18212399

Title: Role of melatonin in upper gastrointestinal tract.

PubMed ID: 18212399

PubMed ID: 12736803

Title: Significant association of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) gene with delayed sleep phase syndrome.

PubMed ID: 12736803

DOI: 10.1007/s10048-002-0141-9

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 207
  • Mass: 23344
  • Checksum: 7476612F3661E0D5
  • Sequence:
  • MSTQSTHPLK PEAPRLPPGI PESPSCQRRH TLPASEFRCL TPEDAVSAFE IEREAFISVL 
    GVCPLYLDEI RHFLTLCPEL SLGWFEEGCL VAFIIGSLWD KERLMQESLT LHRSGGHIAH 
    LHVLAVHRAF RQQGRGPILL WRYLHHLGSQ PAVRRAALMC EDALVPFYER FSFHAVGPCA 
    ITVGSLTFME LHCSLRGHPF LRRNSGC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.