Details for: CTSD

Gene ID: 1509

Symbol: CTSD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117984

Description: cathepsin D

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 604.6473
    Cell Significance Index: -94.0500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 344.9725
    Cell Significance Index: -87.5000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 222.0821
    Cell Significance Index: -104.8500
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 199.5975
    Cell Significance Index: -102.6700
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 156.7608
    Cell Significance Index: -105.1900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 80.5341
    Cell Significance Index: -99.3000
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 29.3782
    Cell Significance Index: -78.7000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 28.3709
    Cell Significance Index: -87.1400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 25.7853
    Cell Significance Index: -101.7500
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 19.1778
    Cell Significance Index: 50.5900
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 6.0714
    Cell Significance Index: 55.9100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 4.6802
    Cell Significance Index: 63.8600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 3.6787
    Cell Significance Index: 663.1600
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 3.6499
    Cell Significance Index: 67.4600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 3.3198
    Cell Significance Index: 408.2000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 3.1683
    Cell Significance Index: 911.6200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 2.4005
    Cell Significance Index: 124.7000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 2.1737
    Cell Significance Index: 1187.1400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 2.1549
    Cell Significance Index: 100.4700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 2.1339
    Cell Significance Index: 112.0400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.6612
    Cell Significance Index: 228.1300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.1650
    Cell Significance Index: 31.7100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.0932
    Cell Significance Index: 118.9100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.9550
    Cell Significance Index: 25.5900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.8257
    Cell Significance Index: 365.0700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.7588
    Cell Significance Index: 97.2700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.7205
    Cell Significance Index: 32.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.6502
    Cell Significance Index: 111.0300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.6017
    Cell Significance Index: 28.2800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.5880
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.4931
    Cell Significance Index: 63.7100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.4443
    Cell Significance Index: 33.1100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3789
    Cell Significance Index: 37.4800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3664
    Cell Significance Index: 131.4100
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.3204
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3133
    Cell Significance Index: 62.8400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.2822
    Cell Significance Index: 206.8800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2805
    Cell Significance Index: 53.3800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.1967
    Cell Significance Index: 13.9100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.1451
    Cell Significance Index: 109.8000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: -0.0398
    Cell Significance Index: -35.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0402
    Cell Significance Index: -29.8000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0546
    Cell Significance Index: -102.8600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0780
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.0943
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0992
    Cell Significance Index: -61.9300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.1270
    Cell Significance Index: -71.6200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1521
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.2384
    Cell Significance Index: -50.2200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2460
    Cell Significance Index: -28.1800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.2546
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.4472
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0800
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.5181
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.5293
    Cell Significance Index: -105.0500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.5415
    Cell Significance Index: -63.1100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.7366
    Cell Significance Index: -107.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.7631
    Cell Significance Index: -87.1100
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.7776
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.8028
    Cell Significance Index: -94.6800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.8564
    Cell Significance Index: -65.7200
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.8573
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.9423
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.9989
    Cell Significance Index: -24.9700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -1.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -69.6100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -1.0806
    Cell Significance Index: -30.2000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -1.1074
    Cell Significance Index: -87.7100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -1.1159
    Cell Significance Index: -18.6800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -1.1694
    Cell Significance Index: -30.0600
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -1.2261
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -1.2307
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -1.2389
    Cell Significance Index: -39.6800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -1.3005
    Cell Significance Index: -79.7300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -1.3158
    Cell Significance Index: -82.9300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -1.4115
    Cell Significance Index: -30.5800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -1.4262
    Cell Significance Index: -87.6600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -1.4484
    Cell Significance Index: -41.5200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -1.6318
    Cell Significance Index: -91.5700
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -1.8091
    Cell Significance Index: -37.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -1.8566
    Cell Significance Index: -54.6900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -2.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -53.4900
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -2.0480
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7000
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -2.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2500
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -2.2255
    Cell Significance Index: -81.7000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -2.2739
    Cell Significance Index: -65.5200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -2.2746
    Cell Significance Index: -100.6100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -2.3770
    Cell Significance Index: -83.2700
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -2.4194
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0200
  • Cell Name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell (CL0000075)
    Fold Change: -2.4249
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2900
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -2.6458
    Cell Significance Index: -46.7600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -2.6720
    Cell Significance Index: -101.1800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -2.6787
    Cell Significance Index: -56.0700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -2.6915
    Cell Significance Index: -88.1200
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -2.7050
    Cell Significance Index: -55.0400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -2.7835
    Cell Significance Index: -88.6500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -2.8136
    Cell Significance Index: -55.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -3.0685
    Cell Significance Index: -31.7700
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -3.0691
    Cell Significance Index: -59.9000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Lysosomal localization**: CTSD is primarily found in lysosomes, where it functions as a protease to degrade protein substrates. 2. **Aspartic-type protease**: CTSD is a member of the aspartic-type protease family, characterized by its catalytic activity on aspartic acid residues. 3. **Antigen processing and presentation**: CTSD participates in the processing and presentation of exogenous peptides to MHC class II molecules, facilitating immune responses. 4. **Cell signaling**: CTSD modulates signaling pathways, including those involved in insulin receptor recycling, insulin catabolic processes, and signaling by nuclear receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. 5. **Expression in various cell types**: CTSD is expressed in basal cells of the epidermis, immune cells (e.g., monocytes, macrophages), kidney and lung epithelial cells, and decidual natural killer cells. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Antigen processing and presentation**: CTSD participates in the processing of exogenous peptides, which are then presented to MHC class II molecules, triggering immune responses. 2. **Protein degradation**: CTSD degrades extracellular matrix proteins, contributing to tissue remodeling and immune responses. 3. **Cell signaling**: CTSD modulates signaling pathways, including those involved in insulin receptor recycling, insulin catabolic processes, and signaling by nuclear receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. 4. **Autophagy**: CTSD is involved in autophagosome assembly and degradation of protein substrates. 5. **Immune regulation**: CTSD regulates immune responses, including neutrophil degranulation and positive regulation of apoptotic processes. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Cancer**: CTSD is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, where it promotes tumor progression and metastasis. 2. **Inflammatory diseases**: CTSD expression is elevated in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, where it contributes to tissue damage and immune responses. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: CTSD has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where it may contribute to protein aggregation and neuronal damage. 4. **Immunodeficiency**: CTSD plays a role in the regulation of immune responses, and its dysfunction may contribute to immunodeficiency disorders. In conclusion, CTSD is a multifunctional protease that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including protein degradation, antigen processing, and signaling. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of CTSD in maintaining immune homeostasis and tissue health.

Genular Protein ID: 3300545362

Symbol: CATD_HUMAN

Name: Cathepsin D

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3927292

Title: Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human cathepsin D.

PubMed ID: 3927292

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4910

PubMed ID: 3588310

Title: Oestrogen regulates cathepsin D mRNA levels in oestrogen responsive human breast cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 3588310

DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.9.3773

PubMed ID: 2069717

Title: Molecular organization of the human cathepsin D gene.

PubMed ID: 2069717

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1991.10.423

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8262386

Title: The human cathepsin D-encoding gene is transcribed from an estrogen-regulated and a constitutive start point.

PubMed ID: 8262386

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90107-e

PubMed ID: 7935485

Title: Characterization of the proximal estrogen-responsive element of human cathepsin D gene.

PubMed ID: 7935485

DOI: 10.1210/mend.8.6.7935485

PubMed ID: 1426530

Title: Proteolytic processing sites producing the mature form of human cathepsin D.

PubMed ID: 1426530

DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(92)90076-d

PubMed ID: 12643545

Title: Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins.

PubMed ID: 12643545

DOI: 10.1021/pr025562r

PubMed ID: 12754519

Title: Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 12754519

DOI: 10.1038/nbt827

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16670177

Title: Cathepsin D deficiency underlies congenital human neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

PubMed ID: 16670177

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl107

PubMed ID: 17081065

Title: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes.

PubMed ID: 17081065

DOI: 10.1021/pr060363j

PubMed ID: 16263699

Title: Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach.

PubMed ID: 16263699

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500324-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 20551380

Title: Proteomics characterization of extracellular space components in the human aorta.

PubMed ID: 20551380

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.001693

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23234360

Title: LC-MS/MS characterization of O-glycosylation sites and glycan structures of human cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 23234360

DOI: 10.1021/pr300963h

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27333034

Title: ADAM30 Downregulates APP-Linked Defects Through Cathepsin D Activation in Alzheimer's Disease.

PubMed ID: 27333034

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.002

PubMed ID: 8467789

Title: Two crystal structures for cathepsin D: the lysosomal targeting signal and active site.

PubMed ID: 8467789

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05774.x

PubMed ID: 8393577

Title: Crystal structures of native and inhibited forms of human cathepsin D: implications for lysosomal targeting and drug design.

PubMed ID: 8393577

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.14.6796

PubMed ID: 10716266

Title: A genetic variation of cathepsin D is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 10716266

DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3<399::aid-ana22>3.3.co;2-x

PubMed ID: 16685649

Title: Cathepsin D deficiency is associated with a human neurodegenerative disorder.

PubMed ID: 16685649

DOI: 10.1086/504159

PubMed ID: 21990111

Title: Update of the mutation spectrum and clinical correlations of over 360 mutations in eight genes that underlie the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses.

PubMed ID: 21990111

DOI: 10.1002/humu.21624

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 412
  • Mass: 44552
  • Checksum: 903FB8412E0CF0B0
  • Sequence:
  • MQPSSLLPLA LCLLAAPASA LVRIPLHKFT SIRRTMSEVG GSVEDLIAKG PVSKYSQAVP 
    AVTEGPIPEV LKNYMDAQYY GEIGIGTPPQ CFTVVFDTGS SNLWVPSIHC KLLDIACWIH 
    HKYNSDKSST YVKNGTSFDI HYGSGSLSGY LSQDTVSVPC QSASSASALG GVKVERQVFG 
    EATKQPGITF IAAKFDGILG MAYPRISVNN VLPVFDNLMQ QKLVDQNIFS FYLSRDPDAQ 
    PGGELMLGGT DSKYYKGSLS YLNVTRKAYW QVHLDQVEVA SGLTLCKEGC EAIVDTGTSL 
    MVGPVDEVRE LQKAIGAVPL IQGEYMIPCE KVSTLPAITL KLGGKGYKLS PEDYTLKVSQ 
    AGKTLCLSGF MGMDIPPPSG PLWILGDVFI GRYYTVFDRD NNRVGFAEAA RL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.