Details for: CTSD

Gene ID: 1509

Symbol: CTSD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117984

Description: cathepsin D

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 31.07
    Marker Score: 13,561
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 4.78
    Marker Score: 3,370
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 4.54
    Marker Score: 4,541
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 4.42
    Marker Score: 26,869
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: 3.98
    Marker Score: 10,999
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 3.71
    Marker Score: 9,955
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 3.53
    Marker Score: 4,034
  • Cell Name: NKp46-positive innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001076)
    Fold Change: 3.35
    Marker Score: 9,764
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 3.34
    Marker Score: 187,003
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 3.34
    Marker Score: 5,530
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 3.29
    Marker Score: 3,460
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Marker Score: 4,408
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 3.1
    Marker Score: 3,143
  • Cell Name: basophil (CL0000767)
    Fold Change: 3.1
    Marker Score: 1,471
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 3.05
    Marker Score: 19,479
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 3.02
    Marker Score: 77,340
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 3
    Marker Score: 14,411
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: 2.98
    Marker Score: 15,664
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 2.93
    Marker Score: 5,346
  • Cell Name: renal intercalated cell (CL0005010)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Marker Score: 1,522
  • Cell Name: alternatively activated macrophage (CL0000890)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Marker Score: 1,169
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Marker Score: 2,318
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Marker Score: 6,909
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 2.75
    Marker Score: 2,914
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 2.75
    Marker Score: 5,001
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Marker Score: 23,461
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 2.69
    Marker Score: 1,799
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Marker Score: 8,743
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 2.66
    Marker Score: 4,095
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Marker Score: 10,995
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 2.62
    Marker Score: 6,601
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: 2.6
    Marker Score: 1,123
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 2.56
    Marker Score: 16,707
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 2.56
    Marker Score: 6,290
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 2.55
    Marker Score: 88,280
  • Cell Name: prickle cell (CL0000649)
    Fold Change: 2.55
    Marker Score: 16,799
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 2.54
    Marker Score: 5,796
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Marker Score: 3,733
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 2.48
    Marker Score: 5,632
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 2.47
    Marker Score: 1,745
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 2.46
    Marker Score: 1,935
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Marker Score: 1,663
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Marker Score: 3,151
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Marker Score: 19,034
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Marker Score: 4,916
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 2.39
    Marker Score: 3,840
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: 2.36
    Marker Score: 747
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 2.36
    Marker Score: 8,370
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 2.35
    Marker Score: 3,740
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 20,099
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 2,230
  • Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 1,143
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 1,079
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 40,987
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Marker Score: 4,473
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 7,177
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 658
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 2,748
  • Cell Name: glycinergic amacrine cell (CL4030028)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Marker Score: 2,134
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 1,239
  • Cell Name: type I pneumocyte (CL0002062)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Marker Score: 2,702
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Marker Score: 953
  • Cell Name: CD56-positive, CD161-positive immature natural killer cell, human (CL0002338)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Marker Score: 723
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Marker Score: 16,106
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Marker Score: 867
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Marker Score: 4,000
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 8,557
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 5,408
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Marker Score: 872
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of sinusoid (CL0002262)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Marker Score: 494
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 7,986
  • Cell Name: tracheobronchial goblet cell (CL0019003)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 556
  • Cell Name: B-1b B cell (CL0000821)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 467
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 12,952
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Marker Score: 1,405
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stratum germinativum of esophagus (CL1000447)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 481
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Marker Score: 1,138
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Marker Score: 456
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Marker Score: 886
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 5,162
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 1,200
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 6,759
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 2,038
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 930
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 19,388
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 1,745
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Marker Score: 467
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Marker Score: 734
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Marker Score: 483
  • Cell Name: B-1a B cell (CL0000820)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 465
  • Cell Name: centrocyte (CL0009111)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 461
  • Cell Name: lung microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000016)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 411
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 22,415
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.91
    Marker Score: 1,273
  • Cell Name: Merkel cell (CL0000242)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 885
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 2,218
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 1,168
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: exhausted T cell (CL0011025)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Marker Score: 1,085
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal lymphangioblast (CL0005021)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 421

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Lysosomal localization**: CTSD is primarily found in lysosomes, where it functions as a protease to degrade protein substrates. 2. **Aspartic-type protease**: CTSD is a member of the aspartic-type protease family, characterized by its catalytic activity on aspartic acid residues. 3. **Antigen processing and presentation**: CTSD participates in the processing and presentation of exogenous peptides to MHC class II molecules, facilitating immune responses. 4. **Cell signaling**: CTSD modulates signaling pathways, including those involved in insulin receptor recycling, insulin catabolic processes, and signaling by nuclear receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. 5. **Expression in various cell types**: CTSD is expressed in basal cells of the epidermis, immune cells (e.g., monocytes, macrophages), kidney and lung epithelial cells, and decidual natural killer cells. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Antigen processing and presentation**: CTSD participates in the processing of exogenous peptides, which are then presented to MHC class II molecules, triggering immune responses. 2. **Protein degradation**: CTSD degrades extracellular matrix proteins, contributing to tissue remodeling and immune responses. 3. **Cell signaling**: CTSD modulates signaling pathways, including those involved in insulin receptor recycling, insulin catabolic processes, and signaling by nuclear receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. 4. **Autophagy**: CTSD is involved in autophagosome assembly and degradation of protein substrates. 5. **Immune regulation**: CTSD regulates immune responses, including neutrophil degranulation and positive regulation of apoptotic processes. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Cancer**: CTSD is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, where it promotes tumor progression and metastasis. 2. **Inflammatory diseases**: CTSD expression is elevated in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, where it contributes to tissue damage and immune responses. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: CTSD has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where it may contribute to protein aggregation and neuronal damage. 4. **Immunodeficiency**: CTSD plays a role in the regulation of immune responses, and its dysfunction may contribute to immunodeficiency disorders. In conclusion, CTSD is a multifunctional protease that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including protein degradation, antigen processing, and signaling. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of CTSD in maintaining immune homeostasis and tissue health.

Genular Protein ID: 3300545362

Symbol: CATD_HUMAN

Name: Cathepsin D

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P07339 Q6IB57

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 3 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 5 DrugCentral 1 EC 2 EMBL 14 EPD 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 27 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 5 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 9 PDBsum 6 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 6 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SWISS-2DPAGE 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCD-2DPAGE 1 UniProtKB 8 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3927292

Title: Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human cathepsin D.

PubMed ID: 3927292

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4910

PubMed ID: 3588310

Title: Oestrogen regulates cathepsin D mRNA levels in oestrogen responsive human breast cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 3588310

DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.9.3773

PubMed ID: 2069717

Title: Molecular organization of the human cathepsin D gene.

PubMed ID: 2069717

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1991.10.423

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8262386

Title: The human cathepsin D-encoding gene is transcribed from an estrogen-regulated and a constitutive start point.

PubMed ID: 8262386

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90107-e

PubMed ID: 7935485

Title: Characterization of the proximal estrogen-responsive element of human cathepsin D gene.

PubMed ID: 7935485

DOI: 10.1210/mend.8.6.7935485

PubMed ID: 1426530

Title: Proteolytic processing sites producing the mature form of human cathepsin D.

PubMed ID: 1426530

DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(92)90076-d

PubMed ID: 12643545

Title: Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins.

PubMed ID: 12643545

DOI: 10.1021/pr025562r

PubMed ID: 12754519

Title: Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 12754519

DOI: 10.1038/nbt827

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16670177

Title: Cathepsin D deficiency underlies congenital human neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

PubMed ID: 16670177

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl107

PubMed ID: 17081065

Title: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes.

PubMed ID: 17081065

DOI: 10.1021/pr060363j

PubMed ID: 16263699

Title: Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach.

PubMed ID: 16263699

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500324-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 20551380

Title: Proteomics characterization of extracellular space components in the human aorta.

PubMed ID: 20551380

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.001693

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23234360

Title: LC-MS/MS characterization of O-glycosylation sites and glycan structures of human cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 23234360

DOI: 10.1021/pr300963h

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27333034

Title: ADAM30 Downregulates APP-Linked Defects Through Cathepsin D Activation in Alzheimer's Disease.

PubMed ID: 27333034

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.002

PubMed ID: 8467789

Title: Two crystal structures for cathepsin D: the lysosomal targeting signal and active site.

PubMed ID: 8467789

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05774.x

PubMed ID: 8393577

Title: Crystal structures of native and inhibited forms of human cathepsin D: implications for lysosomal targeting and drug design.

PubMed ID: 8393577

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.14.6796

PubMed ID: 10716266

Title: A genetic variation of cathepsin D is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 10716266

DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3<399::aid-ana22>3.3.co;2-x

PubMed ID: 16685649

Title: Cathepsin D deficiency is associated with a human neurodegenerative disorder.

PubMed ID: 16685649

DOI: 10.1086/504159

PubMed ID: 21990111

Title: Update of the mutation spectrum and clinical correlations of over 360 mutations in eight genes that underlie the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses.

PubMed ID: 21990111

DOI: 10.1002/humu.21624

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 412
  • Mass: 44552
  • Checksum: 903FB8412E0CF0B0
  • Sequence:
    • MQPSSLLPLA LCLLAAPASA LVRIPLHKFT SIRRTMSEVG GSVEDLIAKG PVSKYSQAVP 
AVTEGPIPEV LKNYMDAQYY GEIGIGTPPQ CFTVVFDTGS SNLWVPSIHC KLLDIACWIH 
HKYNSDKSST YVKNGTSFDI HYGSGSLSGY LSQDTVSVPC QSASSASALG GVKVERQVFG 
EATKQPGITF IAAKFDGILG MAYPRISVNN VLPVFDNLMQ QKLVDQNIFS FYLSRDPDAQ 
PGGELMLGGT DSKYYKGSLS YLNVTRKAYW QVHLDQVEVA SGLTLCKEGC EAIVDTGTSL 
MVGPVDEVRE LQKAIGAVPL IQGEYMIPCE KVSTLPAITL KLGGKGYKLS PEDYTLKVSQ 
AGKTLCLSGF MGMDIPPPSG PLWILGDVFI GRYYTVFDRD NNRVGFAEAA RL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.