Details for: CTSK

Gene ID: 1513

Symbol: CTSK

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143387

Description: cathepsin K

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 98.8780
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 61.0700
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4900
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 45.0785
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 33.0634
    Cell Significance Index: -15.6100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 12.6201
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5600
  • Cell Name: inflammatory cell (CL0009002)
    Fold Change: 10.1783
    Cell Significance Index: 58.3600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 4.8337
    Cell Significance Index: 138.5600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 4.1024
    Cell Significance Index: 85.8700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 3.9128
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4400
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 3.4034
    Cell Significance Index: 20.0000
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.1527
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9000
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 3.0320
    Cell Significance Index: 46.9100
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 2.2725
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.8157
    Cell Significance Index: 249.3400
  • Cell Name: chondroblast (CL0000058)
    Fold Change: 1.7445
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.1084
    Cell Significance Index: 142.0900
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.8160
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.7957
    Cell Significance Index: 15.5300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 0.5900
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5444
    Cell Significance Index: 103.6000
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.4307
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3417
    Cell Significance Index: 151.0900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3277
    Cell Significance Index: 32.4200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3153
    Cell Significance Index: 284.7100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.3035
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.2887
    Cell Significance Index: 543.6800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.2144
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.1846
    Cell Significance Index: 53.1100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 0.1653
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1587
    Cell Significance Index: 25.8200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1567
    Cell Significance Index: 31.4300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1251
    Cell Significance Index: 86.5000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1018
    Cell Significance Index: 36.5100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0970
    Cell Significance Index: 60.5900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0911
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0583
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3400
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of the aortic adventitia (CL0002547)
    Fold Change: 0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0340
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0376
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0499
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0584
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0676
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7800
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.0688
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0783
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0953
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0957
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0986
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7400
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: -0.1068
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.1089
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1177
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1252
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1285
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1344
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1349
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1374
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1562
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1624
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1662
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1871
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8200
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1912
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2077
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2121
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2170
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2360
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2500
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.2386
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2389
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2478
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0100
  • Cell Name: muscle fibroblast (CL1001609)
    Fold Change: -0.2661
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.2797
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.2860
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: -0.2894
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.2907
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.3037
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.3144
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3300
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: -0.3170
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4100
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.3201
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Lysosomal localization:** CTSK is primarily found in lysosomes, where it is involved in the degradation of protein and extracellular matrix components. 2. **Cysteine protease activity:** CTSK exhibits high specificity for cysteine residues, making it an essential enzyme for the processing and activation of various substrates. 3. **Apoptotic process involvement:** CTSK has been shown to regulate apoptosis through the activation of caspases and the cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins. 4. **Cell surface expression:** CTSK can be translocated to the cell surface, where it can interact with extracellular matrix components and participate in cell signaling pathways. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Immune system regulation:** CTSK is involved in the regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses, including antigen presentation, cytokine production, and cell differentiation. 2. **Bone resorption:** CTSK is a key enzyme in the degradation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, contributing to bone resorption and remodeling. 3. **Apoptotic signaling pathway:** CTSK regulates apoptosis through the activation of caspases and the cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins. 4. **Cell signaling pathways:** CTSK can interact with various cell surface receptors and signaling molecules, influencing cell behavior and differentiation. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Osteoporosis:** CTSK has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, a disease characterized by excessive bone resorption and decreased bone density. 2. **Rheumatoid arthritis:** CTSK has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and destruction. 3. **Cancer:** CTSK has been implicated in the metastasis and progression of various cancers, including breast, lung, and prostate cancer. 4. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** CTSK has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, Cathepsin K is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune regulation, bone resorption, and cell signaling pathways. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which CTSK contributes to disease pathogenesis and to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 503677176

Symbol: CATK_HUMAN

Name: Cathepsin K

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P43235 Q6FHS6

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 23 DrugCentral 1 EC 2 EMBL 9 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 34 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 2 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 69 PDBsum 69 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 6 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7805878

Title: Molecular cloning of human cathepsin O, a novel endoproteinase and homologue of rabbit OC2.

PubMed ID: 7805878

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01349-6

PubMed ID: 7818555

Title: Molecular cloning of human cDNA for cathepsin K: novel cysteine proteinase predominantly expressed in bone.

PubMed ID: 7818555

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1013

PubMed ID: 8585423

Title: Cloning and complete coding sequence of a novel human cathepsin expressed in giant cells of osteoclastomas.

PubMed ID: 8585423

DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650100809

PubMed ID: 7576232

Title: Human cathepsin O2, a novel cysteine protease highly expressed in osteoclastomas and ovary molecular cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution.

PubMed ID: 7576232

DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1995.376.6.379

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11082042

Title: Cathepsin K in thyroid epithelial cells: sequence, localization and possible function in extracellular proteolysis of thyroglobulin.

PubMed ID: 11082042

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.24.4487

PubMed ID: 9033587

Title: Crystal structure of human cathepsin K complexed with a potent inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 9033587

DOI: 10.1038/nsb0297-105

PubMed ID: 9405598

Title: Design of potent and selective human cathepsin K inhibitors that span the active site.

PubMed ID: 9405598

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14249

PubMed ID: 9893980

Title: The crystal structure of human procathepsin K.

PubMed ID: 9893980

DOI: 10.1021/bi9822271

PubMed ID: 10048321

Title: Crystal structure of wild-type human procathepsin K.

PubMed ID: 10048321

DOI: 10.1110/ps.8.2.283

PubMed ID: 8703060

Title: Pycnodysostosis, a lysosomal disease caused by cathepsin K deficiency.

PubMed ID: 8703060

DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5279.1236

PubMed ID: 9529353

Title: Paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 1 revealed by molecular analysis of a patient with pycnodysostosis.

PubMed ID: 9529353

DOI: 10.1086/301795

PubMed ID: 10491211

Title: Mutations of CTSK result in pycnodysostosis via a reduction in cathepsin K protein.

PubMed ID: 10491211

DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.10.1649

PubMed ID: 10878663

Title: Cathepsin K gene mutations and 1q21 haplotypes in at patients with pycnodysostosis in an outbred population.

PubMed ID: 10878663

DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200481

PubMed ID: 22822386

Title: Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the Cathepsin K Gene in Japanese Female Siblings with Pyknodysostosis.

PubMed ID: 22822386

DOI: 10.1159/000336581

PubMed ID: 25731711

Title: Dental Abnormalities Caused by Novel Compound Heterozygous CTSK Mutations.

PubMed ID: 25731711

DOI: 10.1177/0022034515573964

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 329
  • Mass: 36966
  • Checksum: 4677C3C89FF4CE85
  • Sequence:
    • MWGLKVLLLP VVSFALYPEE ILDTHWELWK KTHRKQYNNK VDEISRRLIW EKNLKYISIH 
NLEASLGVHT YELAMNHLGD MTSEEVVQKM TGLKVPLSHS RSNDTLYIPE WEGRAPDSVD 
YRKKGYVTPV KNQGQCGSCW AFSSVGALEG QLKKKTGKLL NLSPQNLVDC VSENDGCGGG 
YMTNAFQYVQ KNRGIDSEDA YPYVGQEESC MYNPTGKAAK CRGYREIPEG NEKALKRAVA 
RVGPVSVAID ASLTSFQFYS KGVYYDESCN SDNLNHAVLA VGYGIQKGNK HWIIKNSWGE 
NWGNKGYILM ARNKNNACGI ANLASFPKM

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.