Details for: CYP2C19

Gene ID: 1557

Symbol: CYP2C19

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165841

Description: cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 5.9929
    Cell Significance Index: 149.6800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 2.3991
    Cell Significance Index: 41.0100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.3139
    Cell Significance Index: 50.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 2.0721
    Cell Significance Index: 59.7000
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 1.9174
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5400
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 1.4486
    Cell Significance Index: 19.8700
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 1.1757
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 1.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1300
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.9060
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.8652
    Cell Significance Index: 164.6600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.6983
    Cell Significance Index: 41.9200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.6265
    Cell Significance Index: 15.6600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.6212
    Cell Significance Index: 13.2300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.5194
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.3605
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2855
    Cell Significance Index: 31.0600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2106
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.1866
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1672
    Cell Significance Index: 150.9400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0931
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0544
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0392
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2500
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0219
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0252
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0372
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5700
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0404
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0446
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0520
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.0553
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0553
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2400
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0556
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0562
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0579
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0597
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0609
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0632
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0653
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0668
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0689
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0717
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0726
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0792
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0805
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5200
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0813
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0835
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.0899
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0951
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.1014
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1900
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.1074
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.1122
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1131
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1163
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.1180
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.1184
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.1187
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1216
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1236
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.1297
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.1309
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: -0.1403
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.1419
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.1433
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: -0.1443
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.1452
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.1512
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9800
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: -0.1513
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1514
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.1528
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8100
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.1549
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.1550
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.1596
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.1692
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: -0.1732
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.1740
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Substrate specificity**: CYP2C19 has a wide range of substrate specificity, including anti-epileptic drugs, NSAIDs, and certain antidepressants. 2. **Metabolic pathway**: The CYP2C19 enzyme is involved in the metabolism of various compounds through oxidative reactions, including monooxygenase and epoxygenase activities. 3. **Expression patterns**: CYP2C19 is highly expressed in the liver, where it plays a crucial role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. It is also expressed in other tissues, including the colon, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. 4. **Genetic polymorphisms**: Variations in the CYP2C19 gene have been associated with reduced enzyme activity, which can result in increased levels of metabolites in the body. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Oxidative metabolism**: CYP2C19 is involved in the oxidation of various compounds, including anti-epileptic drugs and NSAIDs, through monooxygenase and epoxygenase activities. 2. **Epoxygenase pathway**: The CYP2C19 enzyme is also involved in the epoxygenase pathway, which is responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid and the production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). 3. **Heme binding**: CYP2C19 contains a heme group, which is essential for the enzyme's catalytic activity. 4. **Oxidoreductase activity**: The CYP2C19 enzyme exhibits oxidoreductase activity, which involves the incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the substrate molecule. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Pharmacokinetics**: Variations in the CYP2C19 gene can significantly impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, including anti-epileptic drugs and NSAIDs, leading to reduced efficacy or increased toxicity. 2. **Dose prediction**: Understanding the CYP2C19 genotype can help predict the dose of certain drugs that a patient is likely to require. 3. **Toxicity management**: CYP2C19 polymorphisms can also impact the metabolism of toxic compounds, such as NSAIDs, and may require careful management to minimize toxicity. 4. **Personalized medicine**: The CYP2C19 gene has been identified as a key player in the development of personalized medicine, as genetic variations in the gene can influence an individual's response to certain drugs. In conclusion, the CYP2C19 gene plays a crucial role in the metabolism of various compounds, including drugs, hormones, and xenobiotics. Understanding the key characteristics, pathways, and functions of this enzyme is essential for the development of personalized medicine and for the management of toxicity associated with certain drugs.

Genular Protein ID: 3604756082

Symbol: CP2CJ_HUMAN

Name: Cytochrome P450 2C19

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2009263

Title: Cloning and expression of complementary DNAs for multiple members of the human cytochrome P450IIC subfamily.

PubMed ID: 2009263

DOI: 10.1021/bi00227a012

PubMed ID: 8095407

Title:

PubMed ID: 8095407

DOI: 10.1021/bi00056a025

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 8215410

Title: Isolation and characterization of human liver cytochrome P450 2C19: correlation between 2C19 and S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation.

PubMed ID: 8215410

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1993.1506

PubMed ID: 11950794

Title: Metabolism of (+)- and (-)-limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes.

PubMed ID: 11950794

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.30.5.602

PubMed ID: 18577768

Title: Cytochromes P450 from family 4 are the main omega hydroxylating enzymes in humans: CYP4F3B is the prominent player in PUFA metabolism.

PubMed ID: 18577768

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800199-jlr200

PubMed ID: 19965576

Title: Stereoselective epoxidation of the last double bond of polyunsaturated fatty acids by human cytochromes P450.

PubMed ID: 19965576

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m003061

PubMed ID: 20972997

Title: Analysis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by chiral liquid chromatography/electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using [13C]-analog internal standards.

PubMed ID: 20972997

DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4760

PubMed ID: 23959307

Title: CYP2J2 and CYP2C19 are the major enzymes responsible for metabolism of albendazole and fenbendazole in human liver microsomes and recombinant P450 assay systems.

PubMed ID: 23959307

DOI: 10.1128/aac.00843-13

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 28378927

Title: Worldwide Distribution of Cytochrome P450 Alleles: A Meta-analysis of Population-scale Sequencing Projects.

PubMed ID: 28378927

DOI: 10.1002/cpt.690

PubMed ID: 23118231

Title: Structural characterization of human cytochrome P450 2C19: active site differences between P450s 2C8, 2C9, and 2C19.

PubMed ID: 23118231

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.424895

PubMed ID: 8195181

Title: The major genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans.

PubMed ID: 8195181

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40694-6

PubMed ID: 7969038

Title: Identification of a new genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of (S)-mephenytoin metabolism in Japanese.

PubMed ID: 7969038

PubMed ID: 9103550

Title: Differences in the incidence of the CYP2C19 polymorphism affecting the S-mephenytoin phenotype in Chinese Han and Bai populations and identification of a new rare CYP2C19 mutant allele.

PubMed ID: 9103550

PubMed ID: 9732415

Title: Identification of new human CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*2B) in a Caucasian poor metabolizer of mephenytoin.

PubMed ID: 9732415

PubMed ID: 10022751

Title: An additional defective allele, CYP2C19*5, contributes to the S-mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in Caucasians.

PubMed ID: 10022751

DOI: 10.1097/00008571-199804000-00006

PubMed ID: 10411572

Title: A novel transversion in the intron 5 donor splice junction of CYP2C19 and a sequence polymorphism in exon 3 contribute to the poor metabolizer phenotype for the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin.

PubMed ID: 10411572

PubMed ID: 12464799

Title: Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19.

PubMed ID: 12464799

DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200212000-00004

PubMed ID: 15499191

Title: A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the CYP2C19 gene in a Japanese subject with lowered capacity of mephobarbital 4'-hydroxylation.

PubMed ID: 15499191

DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.19.236

PubMed ID: 15469410

Title: Genetic variation in eleven phase I drug metabolism genes in an ethnically diverse population.

PubMed ID: 15469410

DOI: 10.1517/14622416.5.7.895

PubMed ID: 16141610

Title: Genetic variations and haplotypes of CYP2C19 in a Japanese population.

PubMed ID: 16141610

DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.20.300

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 490
  • Mass: 55945
  • Checksum: B451BFFE9A009465
  • Sequence:
  • MDPFVVLVLC LSCLLLLSIW RQSSGRGKLP PGPTPLPVIG NILQIDIKDV SKSLTNLSKI 
    YGPVFTLYFG LERMVVLHGY EVVKEALIDL GEEFSGRGHF PLAERANRGF GIVFSNGKRW 
    KEIRRFSLMT LRNFGMGKRS IEDRVQEEAR CLVEELRKTK ASPCDPTFIL GCAPCNVICS 
    IIFQKRFDYK DQQFLNLMEK LNENIRIVST PWIQICNNFP TIIDYFPGTH NKLLKNLAFM 
    ESDILEKVKE HQESMDINNP RDFIDCFLIK MEKEKQNQQS EFTIENLVIT AADLLGAGTE 
    TTSTTLRYAL LLLLKHPEVT AKVQEEIERV IGRNRSPCMQ DRGHMPYTDA VVHEVQRYID 
    LIPTSLPHAV TCDVKFRNYL IPKGTTILTS LTSVLHDNKE FPNPEMFDPR HFLDEGGNFK 
    KSNYFMPFSA GKRICVGEGL ARMELFLFLT FILQNFNLKS LIDPKDLDTT PVVNGFASVP 
    PFYQLCFIPV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.