Details for: AFM

Gene ID: 173

Symbol: AFM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000079557

Description: afamin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 9.0646
    Cell Significance Index: 152.4600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 7.0540
    Cell Significance Index: 72.9800
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 4.6627
    Cell Significance Index: 12.3000
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 2.6747
    Cell Significance Index: 45.0600
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 1.9029
    Cell Significance Index: 17.6600
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 1.5174
    Cell Significance Index: 29.6700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.3451
    Cell Significance Index: 266.9400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.8657
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6200
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: 0.8149
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5800
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 0.8130
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1900
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.8130
    Cell Significance Index: 12.0000
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 0.3651
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3800
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.3041
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1500
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.2657
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5300
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.1845
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.1614
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3800
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8900
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 0.0638
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6300
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4200
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.0403
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: gamma-delta T cell (CL0000798)
    Fold Change: 0.0351
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0290
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3000
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: 0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3700
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0121
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0183
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0183
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0248
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0253
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.0358
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0397
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0445
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.0482
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0493
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0504
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: -0.0509
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: -0.0511
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0553
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: -0.0576
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0592
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0602
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: -0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: -0.0621
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0632
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0635
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0639
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: -0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000900)
    Fold Change: -0.0656
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: -0.0676
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.0681
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0682
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0685
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0709
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0726
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7400
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: -0.0735
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0742
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0749
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: -0.0749
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: regulatory T cell (CL0000815)
    Fold Change: -0.0750
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0751
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.0752
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0759
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0764
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0780
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Afamin is a human gene with an Ensembl ID of ENSG00000079557. It is significantly expressed in various cell types, including microglial cells, blood vessel endothelial cells, hepatocytes, plasma cells, and epithelial cells. The AFAM_HUMAN protein, encoded by Afamin, is involved in protein stabilization, transport, and binding to vitamins, particularly Vitamin E. This multifaceted protein plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune responses. **Pathways and Functions:** Afamin is involved in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Protein binding and stabilization:** Afamin binds to various proteins, stabilizing their structure and facilitating their transport within the extracellular region. 2. **Vitamin transport:** Afamin is involved in the transport of Vitamin E, a crucial antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress. 3. **Extracellular exosome and extracellular space:** Afamin contributes to the formation and regulation of extracellular exosomes and the extracellular space, which are essential for intercellular communication and immune response modulation. 4. **Blood microparticle formation:** Afamin is involved in the formation and regulation of blood microparticles, which are small vesicles released by cells that play a role in immune response and vascular health. **Clinical Significance:** The study of Afamin has significant implications for various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders:** Dysregulation of Afamin has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. 2. **Cancer:** Abnormal expression of Afamin has been observed in certain types of cancer, suggesting its role in tumor progression and metastasis. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** Afamin's involvement in protein stabilization and transport may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 4. **Vascular health:** Afamin's regulation of extracellular exosomes and blood microparticles may play a crucial role in maintaining vascular health and preventing cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, Afamin is a multifunctional gene that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating immune responses, and modulating disease processes. Further research on Afamin's functions and clinical significance will provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1924026511

Symbol: AFAM_HUMAN

Name: Afamin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P43652 A8K3E1 Q32MR3 Q4W5C5

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 5 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 11 Ensembl 1 GO 9 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 3 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7517938

Title: Afamin is a new member of the albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein gene family.

PubMed ID: 7517938

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32429-8

PubMed ID: 8755513

Title: Complete structure of the human alpha-albumin gene, a new member of the serum albumin multigene family.

PubMed ID: 8755513

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.15.7557

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7875606

Title: Identification of rat alpha-albumin and cDNA cloning of its human ortholog.

PubMed ID: 7875606

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00745-e

PubMed ID: 15952736

Title: Afamin is a novel human vitamin E-binding glycoprotein characterization and in vitro expression.

PubMed ID: 15952736

DOI: 10.1021/pr0500105

PubMed ID: 12463752

Title: Characterization of the vitamin E-binding properties of human plasma afamin.

PubMed ID: 12463752

DOI: 10.1021/bi026513v

PubMed ID: 14760718

Title: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14760718

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300556

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16740002

Title: Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16740002

DOI: 10.1021/pr050492k

PubMed ID: 19046407

Title: Afamin is synthesized by cerebrovascular endothelial cells and mediates alpha-tocopherol transport across an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier.

PubMed ID: 19046407

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05796.x

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 19139490

Title: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 19139490

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800504-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19838169

Title: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification.

PubMed ID: 19838169

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1392

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 26902720

Title: Active and water-soluble form of lipidated Wnt protein is maintained by a serum glycoprotein afamin/alpha-albumin.

PubMed ID: 26902720

DOI: 10.7554/elife.11621

PubMed ID: 29153507

Title: Structural Evidence for a Role of the Multi-functional Human Glycoprotein Afamin in Wnt Transport.

PubMed ID: 29153507

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.10.006

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 599
  • Mass: 69069
  • Checksum: D594E75E20D308AB
  • Sequence:
    • MKLLKLTGFI FFLFFLTESL TLPTQPRDIE NFNSTQKFIE DNIEYITIIA FAQYVQEATF 
EEMEKLVKDM VEYKDRCMAD KTLPECSKLP NNVLQEKICA MEGLPQKHNF SHCCSKVDAQ 
RRLCFFYNKK SDVGFLPPFP TLDPEEKCQA YESNRESLLN HFLYEVARRN PFVFAPTLLT 
VAVHFEEVAK SCCEEQNKVN CLQTRAIPVT QYLKAFSSYQ KHVCGALLKF GTKVVHFIYI 
AILSQKFPKI EFKELISLVE DVSSNYDGCC EGDVVQCIRD TSKVMNHICS KQDSISSKIK 
ECCEKKIPER GQCIINSNKD DRPKDLSLRE GKFTDSENVC QERDADPDTF FAKFTFEYSR 
RHPDLSIPEL LRIVQIYKDL LRNCCNTENP PGCYRYAEDK FNETTEKSLK MVQQECKHFQ 
NLGKDGLKYH YLIRLTKIAP QLSTEELVSL GEKMVTAFTT CCTLSEEFAC VDNLADLVFG 
ELCGVNENRT INPAVDHCCK TNFAFRRPCF ESLKADKTYV PPPFSQDLFT FHADMCQSQN 
EELQRKTDRF LVNLVKLKHE LTDEELQSLF TNFANVVDKC CKAESPEVCF NEESPKIGN

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.