Details for: AFM

Gene ID: 173

Symbol: AFM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000079557

Description: afamin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Marker Score: 6,844
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 2,389
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Marker Score: 11,151
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 1.91
    Marker Score: 2,137
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Marker Score: 11,326
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Marker Score: 7,533
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 4,452
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 1,127
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 7,687
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 1,654
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,830
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,057
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 681
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,408
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 5,927
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,351
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2,742
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 494
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 891
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1,268
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 712
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 402
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 284
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 1,192
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 2,389
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 507
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 225
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 576
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 500
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 277
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 282
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 754
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 122
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 326
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 164
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 315
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 582
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 168
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 656
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 436
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 177
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 58
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 74
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 380
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 2,870
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 146
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 165
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 78
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 49
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 87
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 348
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial fibroblast (CL1000692)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 214
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 168
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 50
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 566
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 117
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 33
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 31
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 33
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: late pro-B cell (CL0002048)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 83
  • Cell Name: type I enteroendocrine cell (CL0002277)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of glomerular capsule (CL1000450)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: glomerular endothelial cell (CL0002188)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 62
  • Cell Name: type D enteroendocrine cell (CL0000502)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 47
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 319
  • Cell Name: GIP cell (CL0002278)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 37
  • Cell Name: vasa recta ascending limb cell (CL1001131)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 344
  • Cell Name: vasa recta descending limb cell (CL1001285)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 53
  • Cell Name: peritubular capillary endothelial cell (CL1001033)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 26
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 122
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 42
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 171
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 82
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 50

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Afamin is a human gene with an Ensembl ID of ENSG00000079557. It is significantly expressed in various cell types, including microglial cells, blood vessel endothelial cells, hepatocytes, plasma cells, and epithelial cells. The AFAM_HUMAN protein, encoded by Afamin, is involved in protein stabilization, transport, and binding to vitamins, particularly Vitamin E. This multifaceted protein plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune responses. **Pathways and Functions:** Afamin is involved in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Protein binding and stabilization:** Afamin binds to various proteins, stabilizing their structure and facilitating their transport within the extracellular region. 2. **Vitamin transport:** Afamin is involved in the transport of Vitamin E, a crucial antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress. 3. **Extracellular exosome and extracellular space:** Afamin contributes to the formation and regulation of extracellular exosomes and the extracellular space, which are essential for intercellular communication and immune response modulation. 4. **Blood microparticle formation:** Afamin is involved in the formation and regulation of blood microparticles, which are small vesicles released by cells that play a role in immune response and vascular health. **Clinical Significance:** The study of Afamin has significant implications for various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders:** Dysregulation of Afamin has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. 2. **Cancer:** Abnormal expression of Afamin has been observed in certain types of cancer, suggesting its role in tumor progression and metastasis. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** Afamin's involvement in protein stabilization and transport may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 4. **Vascular health:** Afamin's regulation of extracellular exosomes and blood microparticles may play a crucial role in maintaining vascular health and preventing cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, Afamin is a multifunctional gene that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating immune responses, and modulating disease processes. Further research on Afamin's functions and clinical significance will provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1924026511

Symbol: AFAM_HUMAN

Name: Afamin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P43652 A8K3E1 Q32MR3 Q4W5C5

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 5 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 11 Ensembl 1 GO 9 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 6 PDBsum 3 PIR 3 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7517938

Title: Afamin is a new member of the albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein gene family.

PubMed ID: 7517938

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32429-8

PubMed ID: 8755513

Title: Complete structure of the human alpha-albumin gene, a new member of the serum albumin multigene family.

PubMed ID: 8755513

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.15.7557

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7875606

Title: Identification of rat alpha-albumin and cDNA cloning of its human ortholog.

PubMed ID: 7875606

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00745-e

PubMed ID: 15952736

Title: Afamin is a novel human vitamin E-binding glycoprotein characterization and in vitro expression.

PubMed ID: 15952736

DOI: 10.1021/pr0500105

PubMed ID: 12463752

Title: Characterization of the vitamin E-binding properties of human plasma afamin.

PubMed ID: 12463752

DOI: 10.1021/bi026513v

PubMed ID: 14760718

Title: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14760718

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300556

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16740002

Title: Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16740002

DOI: 10.1021/pr050492k

PubMed ID: 19046407

Title: Afamin is synthesized by cerebrovascular endothelial cells and mediates alpha-tocopherol transport across an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier.

PubMed ID: 19046407

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05796.x

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 19139490

Title: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 19139490

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800504-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19838169

Title: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification.

PubMed ID: 19838169

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1392

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 26902720

Title: Active and water-soluble form of lipidated Wnt protein is maintained by a serum glycoprotein afamin/alpha-albumin.

PubMed ID: 26902720

DOI: 10.7554/elife.11621

PubMed ID: 29153507

Title: Structural Evidence for a Role of the Multi-functional Human Glycoprotein Afamin in Wnt Transport.

PubMed ID: 29153507

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.10.006

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 599
  • Mass: 69069
  • Checksum: D594E75E20D308AB
  • Sequence:
    • MKLLKLTGFI FFLFFLTESL TLPTQPRDIE NFNSTQKFIE DNIEYITIIA FAQYVQEATF 
EEMEKLVKDM VEYKDRCMAD KTLPECSKLP NNVLQEKICA MEGLPQKHNF SHCCSKVDAQ 
RRLCFFYNKK SDVGFLPPFP TLDPEEKCQA YESNRESLLN HFLYEVARRN PFVFAPTLLT 
VAVHFEEVAK SCCEEQNKVN CLQTRAIPVT QYLKAFSSYQ KHVCGALLKF GTKVVHFIYI 
AILSQKFPKI EFKELISLVE DVSSNYDGCC EGDVVQCIRD TSKVMNHICS KQDSISSKIK 
ECCEKKIPER GQCIINSNKD DRPKDLSLRE GKFTDSENVC QERDADPDTF FAKFTFEYSR 
RHPDLSIPEL LRIVQIYKDL LRNCCNTENP PGCYRYAEDK FNETTEKSLK MVQQECKHFQ 
NLGKDGLKYH YLIRLTKIAP QLSTEELVSL GEKMVTAFTT CCTLSEEFAC VDNLADLVFG 
ELCGVNENRT INPAVDHCCK TNFAFRRPCF ESLKADKTYV PPPFSQDLFT FHADMCQSQN 
EELQRKTDRF LVNLVKLKHE LTDEELQSLF TNFANVVDKC CKAESPEVCF NEESPKIGN

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.