Details for: AFP

Gene ID: 174

Symbol: AFP

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000081051

Description: alpha fetoprotein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 9.4792
    Cell Significance Index: 1104.6900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 3.5200
    Cell Significance Index: 698.5600
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.5800
    Cell Significance Index: 12.6200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 1.3373
    Cell Significance Index: 33.4300
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.0139
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.8050
    Cell Significance Index: 17.4400
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: 0.6165
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7600
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.5561
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3248
    Cell Significance Index: 61.8100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.1478
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5300
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: 0.1388
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1331
    Cell Significance Index: 120.1700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1059
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4800
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: 0.0719
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7300
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0713
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0000
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.0696
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0658
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0154
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0195
    Cell Significance Index: -35.9000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -36.2600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0238
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -36.4000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0281
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0366
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0393
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0442
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8600
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0454
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4200
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0524
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0568
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0604
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0632
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0634
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0669
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0827
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5500
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: -0.0852
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0968
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.1003
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1059
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1300
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.1110
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.1123
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.1153
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.1168
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1225
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1236
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1264
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1290
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.1399
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1457
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1493
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1800
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1632
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.1706
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.1714
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.2143
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2260
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2326
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2336
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9100
  • Cell Name: immature NK T cell (CL0000914)
    Fold Change: -0.2375
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.2385
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.2400
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2505
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.2554
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2606
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: -0.2609
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0200
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.2754
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8500
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: -0.2798
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.2800
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: -0.2896
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.2917
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2200
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: -0.2971
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2999
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4200
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: -0.3081
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3000
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.3132
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9100
  • Cell Name: group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001078)
    Fold Change: -0.3138
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.3152
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: -0.3278
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9100
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.3352
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.3378
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0200
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.3479
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8600
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.3497
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.3532
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6000
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: -0.3544
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3567
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure and Function:** AFP is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa. It is composed of two polypeptide chains (α and β) linked by disulfide bonds. AFP has a high affinity for binding metal ions, such as copper and zinc, and is involved in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, transport, and metabolism. 2. **Expression and Localization:** AFP is predominantly expressed in the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, but it is also detected in other tissues, including the placenta, testes, and brain. Its expression is regulated by various transcription factors, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). 3. **Post-Translational Modifications:** AFP undergoes various post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, which regulate its stability, activity, and interactions with other proteins. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Cellular Transport:** AFP plays a crucial role in cellular transport, including the uptake and transport of nutrients, hormones, and other molecules. It binds to specific receptors, such as the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, to regulate the uptake of lipids and other molecules. 2. **Metabolism:** AFP is involved in various metabolic pathways, including glucose and lipid metabolism. It also regulates the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). 3. **Immune Response:** AFP has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects, including the regulation of immune cell function and the induction of cytokine production. 4. **Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Transport:** AFP binds to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) to regulate the transport and uptake of IGFs, which are essential for cell growth and differentiation. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Cancer Biomarker:** Elevated levels of AFP are associated with various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, testicular cancer, and germ cell tumors. It is used as a biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of these diseases. 2. **Fetal Development:** AFP is a critical marker for fetal development and maturation. Abnormal levels of AFP can indicate fetal anomalies or abnormalities in placental function. 3. **Neurological Disorders:** AFP has been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. 4. **Infectious Diseases:** AFP has been shown to play a role in the regulation of immune responses to infections, including HIV and tuberculosis. In conclusion, alpha-fetoprotein is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes throughout the human body. Its complex structure, function, and regulation make it an attractive target for therapeutic interventions in various diseases. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of AFP in health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 1586958882

Symbol: FETA_HUMAN

Name: Alpha-fetoprotein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02771 B2RBU3

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 EMDB 2 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 5 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 5 PDBsum 5 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6192439

Title: Primary structures of human alpha-fetoprotein and its mRNA.

PubMed ID: 6192439

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4604

PubMed ID: 2436661

Title: Structure, polymorphism, and novel repeated DNA elements revealed by a complete sequence of the human alpha-fetoprotein gene.

PubMed ID: 2436661

DOI: 10.1021/bi00379a020

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2580830

Title: The human alpha-fetoprotein gene. Sequence organization and the 5' flanking region.

PubMed ID: 2580830

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89178-5

PubMed ID: 7684942

Title: A G-->A substitution in an HNF I binding site in the human alpha-fetoprotein gene is associated with hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein (HPAFP).

PubMed ID: 7684942

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.4.379

PubMed ID: 6187626

Title: Structure and evolution of human alpha-fetoprotein deduced from partial sequence of cloned cDNA.

PubMed ID: 6187626

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90210-4

PubMed ID: 1709810

Title: Human alpha-fetoprotein primary structure: a mass spectrometric study.

PubMed ID: 1709810

DOI: 10.1021/bi00234a032

PubMed ID: 70228

Title: Studies on human alpha-fetoprotein. Isolation and characterization of monomeric and polymeric forms and amino-terminal sequence analysis.

PubMed ID: 70228

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(77)90198-2

PubMed ID: 71198

Title: Comparative chemical structures of human alpha-fetoproteins from fetal serum and from ascites fluid of a patient with hepatoma.

PubMed ID: 71198

PubMed ID: 4138095

Title: Alpha fetoprotein: structure and expression in man and inbred mouse strains under normal conditions and liver injury.

PubMed ID: 4138095

PubMed ID: 80265

Title: Copper(II)-binding ability of human alpha-fetoprotein.

PubMed ID: 80265

PubMed ID: 89900

Title: Alpha-fetoprotein as a carrier protein in plasma and its bilirubin-binding ability.

PubMed ID: 89900

PubMed ID: 2414772

Title: Tyrosine sulfation of proteins from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2.

PubMed ID: 2414772

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7160

PubMed ID: 15280901

Title: Congenital deficiency of alpha feto-protein.

PubMed ID: 15280901

DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201246

PubMed ID: 18854864

Title: A new mutation in the AFP gene responsible for a total absence of alpha feto-protein on second trimester maternal serum screening for Down syndrome.

PubMed ID: 18854864

DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.186

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 26091039

Title: A single kinase generates the majority of the secreted phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 26091039

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 609
  • Mass: 68678
  • Checksum: 4D4E45820E1C2D4F
  • Sequence:
    • MKWVESIFLI FLLNFTESRT LHRNEYGIAS ILDSYQCTAE ISLADLATIF FAQFVQEATY 
KEVSKMVKDA LTAIEKPTGD EQSSGCLENQ LPAFLEELCH EKEILEKYGH SDCCSQSEEG 
RHNCFLAHKK PTPASIPLFQ VPEPVTSCEA YEEDRETFMN KFIYEIARRH PFLYAPTILL 
WAARYDKIIP SCCKAENAVE CFQTKAATVT KELRESSLLN QHACAVMKNF GTRTFQAITV 
TKLSQKFTKV NFTEIQKLVL DVAHVHEHCC RGDVLDCLQD GEKIMSYICS QQDTLSNKIT 
ECCKLTTLER GQCIIHAEND EKPEGLSPNL NRFLGDRDFN QFSSGEKNIF LASFVHEYSR 
RHPQLAVSVI LRVAKGYQEL LEKCFQTENP LECQDKGEEE LQKYIQESQA LAKRSCGLFQ 
KLGEYYLQNA FLVAYTKKAP QLTSSELMAI TRKMAATAAT CCQLSEDKLL ACGEGAADII 
IGHLCIRHEM TPVNPGVGQC CTSSYANRRP CFSSLVVDET YVPPAFSDDK FIFHKDLCQA 
QGVALQTMKQ EFLINLVKQK PQITEEQLEA VIADFSGLLE KCCQGQEQEV CFAEEGQKLI 
SKTRAALGV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.