Details for: AFP

Gene ID: 174

Symbol: AFP

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000081051

Description: alpha fetoprotein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 14.98
    Marker Score: 49064
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 6.04
    Marker Score: 9313
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Marker Score: 1405
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 1265
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 1164
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 1526.5
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 498
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4809
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 685
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 1036
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71818
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48043
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30407
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 503
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 456
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 1547
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2412
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5331
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 370
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2737
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 323
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 409
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5296
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 636
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 2929
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 298
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 697
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 392
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 153
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 443
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 175
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 435
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 254
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 331
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 447.5
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 171
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 300
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 233
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 328
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 465
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 1142
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 999
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 123.5
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 274
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 686
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 147
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 209
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 101
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 468
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 710
  • Cell Name: type I enteroendocrine cell (CL0002277)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 92
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 278
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 374
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 216
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 636
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 308
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 145
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 140.5
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 82
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 123
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 151
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 778
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 4320
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 886
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 405
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 173
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 152.5
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 123
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 865
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 3131
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 436.5
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 171
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 94
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 42
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 231
  • Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 32
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 50
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 160
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial cell (CL1000500)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 107
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 67
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: motor neuron (CL0000100)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 85
  • Cell Name: NKp44-positive group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001079)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 32
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 69
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 30
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of Cajal (CL0002088)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 47
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 140
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 93
  • Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 139
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 31
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 32
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 144
  • Cell Name: inhibitory motor neuron (CL0008015)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 58

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** * AFP is a large protein (145 kDa) with multiple domains. * It is a key protein in maintaining pregnancy by facilitating the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. * AFP also plays a role in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transport and uptake. * It is a potential biomarker for various diseases, including liver disease, cancer, and obesity. **Pathways and functions:** * AFP is produced by hepatocytes and transported to the liver, where it is synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream. * It plays a crucial role in maintaining blood volume and preventing anemia in pregnant women. * In the fetus, AFP helps to protect the developing liver from toxins and pathogens. * It is also involved in the regulation of fetal development and growth. **Clinical significance:** * Elevated AFP levels in the blood are often associated with liver disease, cancer, and obesity. * Measuring AFP levels can help to diagnose and monitor these conditions. * AFP is also used as a marker for pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, and certain infections. **Conclusion:** The AFP gene is an essential protein with diverse functions in the human body. Its expression and regulation are tightly controlled to ensure proper development and maintenance of the fetus and maternal health. Dysregulation of AFP signaling has been linked to various diseases, underscoring its importance in human health.

Genular Protein ID: 1586958882

Symbol: FETA_HUMAN

Name: Alpha-fetoprotein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02771 B2RBU3

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 EMDB 1 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 5 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 5 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6192439

Title: Primary structures of human alpha-fetoprotein and its mRNA.

PubMed ID: 6192439

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4604

PubMed ID: 2436661

Title: Structure, polymorphism, and novel repeated DNA elements revealed by a complete sequence of the human alpha-fetoprotein gene.

PubMed ID: 2436661

DOI: 10.1021/bi00379a020

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2580830

Title: The human alpha-fetoprotein gene. Sequence organization and the 5' flanking region.

PubMed ID: 2580830

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89178-5

PubMed ID: 7684942

Title: A G-->A substitution in an HNF I binding site in the human alpha-fetoprotein gene is associated with hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein (HPAFP).

PubMed ID: 7684942

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.4.379

PubMed ID: 6187626

Title: Structure and evolution of human alpha-fetoprotein deduced from partial sequence of cloned cDNA.

PubMed ID: 6187626

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90210-4

PubMed ID: 1709810

Title: Human alpha-fetoprotein primary structure: a mass spectrometric study.

PubMed ID: 1709810

DOI: 10.1021/bi00234a032

PubMed ID: 70228

Title: Studies on human alpha-fetoprotein. Isolation and characterization of monomeric and polymeric forms and amino-terminal sequence analysis.

PubMed ID: 70228

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(77)90198-2

PubMed ID: 71198

Title: Comparative chemical structures of human alpha-fetoproteins from fetal serum and from ascites fluid of a patient with hepatoma.

PubMed ID: 71198

PubMed ID: 4138095

Title: Alpha fetoprotein: structure and expression in man and inbred mouse strains under normal conditions and liver injury.

PubMed ID: 4138095

PubMed ID: 80265

Title: Copper(II)-binding ability of human alpha-fetoprotein.

PubMed ID: 80265

PubMed ID: 89900

Title: Alpha-fetoprotein as a carrier protein in plasma and its bilirubin-binding ability.

PubMed ID: 89900

PubMed ID: 2414772

Title: Tyrosine sulfation of proteins from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2.

PubMed ID: 2414772

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7160

PubMed ID: 15280901

Title: Congenital deficiency of alpha feto-protein.

PubMed ID: 15280901

DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201246

PubMed ID: 18854864

Title: A new mutation in the AFP gene responsible for a total absence of alpha feto-protein on second trimester maternal serum screening for Down syndrome.

PubMed ID: 18854864

DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.186

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 26091039

Title: A single kinase generates the majority of the secreted phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 26091039

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 609
  • Mass: 68678
  • Checksum: 4D4E45820E1C2D4F
  • Sequence:
    • MKWVESIFLI FLLNFTESRT LHRNEYGIAS ILDSYQCTAE ISLADLATIF FAQFVQEATY 
KEVSKMVKDA LTAIEKPTGD EQSSGCLENQ LPAFLEELCH EKEILEKYGH SDCCSQSEEG 
RHNCFLAHKK PTPASIPLFQ VPEPVTSCEA YEEDRETFMN KFIYEIARRH PFLYAPTILL 
WAARYDKIIP SCCKAENAVE CFQTKAATVT KELRESSLLN QHACAVMKNF GTRTFQAITV 
TKLSQKFTKV NFTEIQKLVL DVAHVHEHCC RGDVLDCLQD GEKIMSYICS QQDTLSNKIT 
ECCKLTTLER GQCIIHAEND EKPEGLSPNL NRFLGDRDFN QFSSGEKNIF LASFVHEYSR 
RHPQLAVSVI LRVAKGYQEL LEKCFQTENP LECQDKGEEE LQKYIQESQA LAKRSCGLFQ 
KLGEYYLQNA FLVAYTKKAP QLTSSELMAI TRKMAATAAT CCQLSEDKLL ACGEGAADII 
IGHLCIRHEM TPVNPGVGQC CTSSYANRRP CFSSLVVDET YVPPAFSDDK FIFHKDLCQA 
QGVALQTMKQ EFLINLVKQK PQITEEQLEA VIADFSGLLE KCCQGQEQEV CFAEEGQKLI 
SKTRAALGV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.