Details for: AGL

Gene ID: 178

Symbol: AGL

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162688

Description: amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase and 4-alpha-glucanotransferase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 212.3498
    Cell Significance Index: -33.0300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 126.9105
    Cell Significance Index: -32.1900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 73.4873
    Cell Significance Index: -34.7000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 72.1710
    Cell Significance Index: -29.3200
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 30.7936
    Cell Significance Index: -29.4000
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 27.4462
    Cell Significance Index: -33.8400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 12.6733
    Cell Significance Index: -33.9500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 10.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -30.7600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 8.6264
    Cell Significance Index: -34.0400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 3.4099
    Cell Significance Index: 87.6500
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 2.9743
    Cell Significance Index: 72.5700
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 2.6157
    Cell Significance Index: 42.2100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.7745
    Cell Significance Index: 319.8900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.6358
    Cell Significance Index: 125.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 1.3166
    Cell Significance Index: 153.4300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.3021
    Cell Significance Index: 261.2000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.2904
    Cell Significance Index: 158.6700
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 1.2837
    Cell Significance Index: 27.4400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.2698
    Cell Significance Index: 138.1200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.1257
    Cell Significance Index: 67.5800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.0618
    Cell Significance Index: 172.6900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.9292
    Cell Significance Index: 24.8100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.8932
    Cell Significance Index: 320.3600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8704
    Cell Significance Index: 172.7400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.8495
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.8193
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.7171
    Cell Significance Index: 32.5100
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6975
    Cell Significance Index: 629.8300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.6586
    Cell Significance Index: 45.5500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.5913
    Cell Significance Index: 408.9800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.5461
    Cell Significance Index: 30.6400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.5342
    Cell Significance Index: 27.7500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.5180
    Cell Significance Index: 31.8400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.4714
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.4657
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.4577
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.4544
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.4311
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.3792
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.3488
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3459
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3106
    Cell Significance Index: 14.4800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.3101
    Cell Significance Index: 169.3600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2600
    Cell Significance Index: 49.4800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.2222
    Cell Significance Index: 30.5200
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.2125
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.2033
    Cell Significance Index: 10.5900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1856
    Cell Significance Index: 18.3600
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1833
    Cell Significance Index: 81.0200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.1704
    Cell Significance Index: 77.3500
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.1472
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.1161
    Cell Significance Index: 218.5800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.1119
    Cell Significance Index: 71.0900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0918
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8300
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.0688
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9800
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.0545
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6500
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0543
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: 53.7300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0326
    Cell Significance Index: 60.0400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: 21.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0388
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0610
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1016
    Cell Significance Index: -21.4100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1017
    Cell Significance Index: -29.2500
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: -0.1080
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1097
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1322
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1501
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1649
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1787
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1813
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1821
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1919
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7900
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.2097
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2117
    Cell Significance Index: -24.2500
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.2194
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2283
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.2677
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2993
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3100
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: -0.3081
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3226
    Cell Significance Index: -25.5500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.3580
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4024
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.4895
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.5025
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.5321
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.5594
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.5937
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.5987
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** AGL is a glycosidase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds in glycogen, a key step in glycogen breakdown. The enzyme's activity is essential for regulating glycogen metabolism, which is critical for energy homeostasis in cells. AGL's ability to bind to polysaccharides and polyubiquitin-modified proteins also suggests its involvement in protein-protein interactions and signal transduction pathways. **Pathways and Functions:** AGL's primary function is to participate in glycogen breakdown and catabolism, which is essential for energy production in cells. The enzyme's activity is also linked to various immune-related processes, including: 1. **Glycogen metabolism:** AGL's role in glycogen breakdown is crucial for regulating energy homeostasis in cells. 2. **Immune system regulation:** AGL's involvement in innate immunity and immune system regulation suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory responses. 3. **Innate immunity:** AGL's expression in immune cells, such as neutrophils, and its association with immune-related pathways highlight its role in innate immunity. 4. **Glycogen catabolic process:** AGL's activity in glycogen catabolism is essential for regulating energy production in cells. **Clinical Significance:** The discovery of AGL's involvement in glycogen metabolism and immune response has significant clinical implications: 1. **Glycogen storage diseases:** AGL's role in glycogen breakdown suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for disorders related to glycogen storage diseases. 2. **Autoimmune diseases:** AGL's involvement in immune system regulation and innate immunity highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory responses. 3. **Inflammatory disorders:** AGL's association with inflammatory responses suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. 4. **Cancer therapy:** AGL's role in glycogen metabolism and immune response suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy, particularly in the context of immunotherapy. In conclusion, AGL is a novel enzyme that plays a crucial role in glycogen metabolism and immune response. Its involvement in various cellular processes highlights its significance in the context of glycogen storage diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer therapy. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of AGL.

Genular Protein ID: 4040726575

Symbol: GDE_HUMAN

Name: Glycogen debranching enzyme

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1374391

Title: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human muscle glycogen debranching enzyme.

PubMed ID: 1374391

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50422-7

PubMed ID: 8954797

Title: Human glycogen debranching enzyme gene (AGL): complete structural organization and characterization of the 5' flanking region.

PubMed ID: 8954797

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0611

PubMed ID: 9332391

Title: Isolation and nucleotide sequence of human liver glycogen debranching enzyme mRNA: identification of multiple tissue-specific isoforms.

PubMed ID: 9332391

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00291-6

PubMed ID: 10982190

Title: Heterogeneous mutations in the glycogen-debranching enzyme gene are responsible for glycogen storage disease type IIIa in Japan.

PubMed ID: 10982190

DOI: 10.1007/s004390051017

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17908927

Title: A role for AGL ubiquitination in the glycogen storage disorders of Lafora and Cori's disease.

PubMed ID: 17908927

DOI: 10.1101/gad.1553207

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 10571954

Title: Glycogen storage disease type IIIa: first report of a causative missense mutation (G1448R) of the glycogen debranching enzyme gene found in a homozygous patient.

PubMed ID: 10571954

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(199912)14:6<542::aid-humu15>3.0.co;2-0

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1532
  • Mass: 174764
  • Checksum: 9BF1BCC43B7904D3
  • Sequence:
  • MGHSKQIRIL LLNEMEKLEK TLFRLEQGYE LQFRLGPTLQ GKAVTVYTNY PFPGETFNRE 
    KFRSLDWENP TEREDDSDKY CKLNLQQSGS FQYYFLQGNE KSGGGYIVVD PILRVGADNH 
    VLPLDCVTLQ TFLAKCLGPF DEWESRLRVA KESGYNMIHF TPLQTLGLSR SCYSLANQLE 
    LNPDFSRPNR KYTWNDVGQL VEKLKKEWNV ICITDVVYNH TAANSKWIQE HPECAYNLVN 
    SPHLKPAWVL DRALWRFSCD VAEGKYKEKG IPALIENDHH MNSIRKIIWE DIFPKLKLWE 
    FFQVDVNKAV EQFRRLLTQE NRRVTKSDPN QHLTIIQDPE YRRFGCTVDM NIALTTFIPH 
    DKGPAAIEEC CNWFHKRMEE LNSEKHRLIN YHQEQAVNCL LGNVFYERLA GHGPKLGPVT 
    RKHPLVTRYF TFPFEEIDFS MEESMIHLPN KACFLMAHNG WVMGDDPLRN FAEPGSEVYL 
    RRELICWGDS VKLRYGNKPE DCPYLWAHMK KYTEITATYF QGVRLDNCHS TPLHVAEYML 
    DAARNLQPNL YVVAELFTGS EDLDNVFVTR LGISSLIREA MSAYNSHEEG RLVYRYGGEP 
    VGSFVQPCLR PLMPAIAHAL FMDITHDNEC PIVHRSAYDA LPSTTIVSMA CCASGSTRGY 
    DELVPHQISV VSEERFYTKW NPEALPSNTG EVNFQSGIIA ARCAISKLHQ ELGAKGFIQV 
    YVDQVDEDIV AVTRHSPSIH QSVVAVSRTA FRNPKTSFYS KEVPQMCIPG KIEEVVLEAR 
    TIERNTKPYR KDENSINGTP DITVEIREHI QLNESKIVKQ AGVATKGPNE YIQEIEFENL 
    SPGSVIIFRV SLDPHAQVAV GILRNHLTQF SPHFKSGSLA VDNADPILKI PFASLASRLT 
    LAELNQILYR CESEEKEDGG GCYDIPNWSA LKYAGLQGLM SVLAEIRPKN DLGHPFCNNL 
    RSGDWMIDYV SNRLISRSGT IAEVGKWLQA MFFYLKQIPR YLIPCYFDAI LIGAYTTLLD 
    TAWKQMSSFV QNGSTFVKHL SLGSVQLCGV GKFPSLPILS PALMDVPYRL NEITKEKEQC 
    CVSLAAGLPH FSSGIFRCWG RDTFIALRGI LLITGRYVEA RNIILAFAGT LRHGLIPNLL 
    GEGIYARYNC RDAVWWWLQC IQDYCKMVPN GLDILKCPVS RMYPTDDSAP LPAGTLDQPL 
    FEVIQEAMQK HMQGIQFRER NAGPQIDRNM KDEGFNITAG VDEETGFVYG GNRFNCGTWM 
    DKMGESDRAR NRGIPATPRD GSAVEIVGLS KSAVRWLLEL SKKNIFPYHE VTVKRHGKAI 
    KVSYDEWNRK IQDNFEKLFH VSEDPSDLNE KHPNLVHKRG IYKDSYGASS PWCDYQLRPN 
    FTIAMVVAPE LFTTEKAWKA LEIAEKKLLG PLGMKTLDPD DMVYCGIYDN ALDNDNYNLA 
    KGFNYHQGPE WLWPIGYFLR AKLYFSRLMG PETTAKTIVL VKNVLSRHYV HLERSPWKGL 
    PELTNENAQY CPFSCETQAW SIATILETLY DL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.