Details for: AGRP

Gene ID: 181

Symbol: AGRP

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159723

Description: agouti related neuropeptide

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 5.1647
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 2.4264
    Cell Significance Index: 65.0200
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 1.3465
    Cell Significance Index: 18.4700
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.3885
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8100
  • Cell Name: basophil (CL0000767)
    Fold Change: 0.3119
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8700
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.2438
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5400
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.0765
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7000
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0121
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0208
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0237
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: -0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0311
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0384
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.0389
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0394
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0424
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0446
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0463
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0481
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0502
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0504
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: -0.0508
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0517
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.0531
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.0537
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: -0.0556
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.0556
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0582
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0584
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: -0.0590
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.0600
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0601
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0602
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Peptide structure**: AGRP is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone, structurally related to the agouti protein, which is a dominant coat color pattern in the agouti mouse. 2. **Expression**: AGRP is predominantly expressed in the hypothalamus, but also found in other regions, including the cerebral cortex, and in various cell types, such as erythrocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells. 3. **Function**: AGRP acts as an antagonist to the melanocortin system, opposing the effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a key agonist in this pathway. 4. **Regulation**: AGRP expression is influenced by insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and other hormones, as well as by circadian rhythms and maternal pregnancy. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Melanocortin system**: AGRP interacts with the MC1R to modulate feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, and glucose metabolism. This interaction is essential for regulating appetite, satiety, and body weight. 2. **Insulin signaling**: AGRP expression is negatively regulated by insulin, which suggests a complex interplay between glucose metabolism and feeding behavior. 3. **Circadian rhythm**: AGRP expression is influenced by the circadian clock, which regulates various physiological processes, including metabolism and feeding behavior. 4. **Neurotransmission**: AGRP is released from neurons in the hypothalamus and interacts with MC1R to modulate neurotransmission and behavior. 5. **Metabolic regulation**: AGRP influences glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis, highlighting its role in maintaining overall metabolic health. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Obesity and metabolic disorders**: Alterations in AGRP expression and function have been linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. 2. **Feeding behavior disorders**: AGRP dysregulation has been implicated in feeding behavior disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. 3. **Circadian rhythm disorders**: Disruptions in circadian rhythms, which regulate AGRP expression, have been linked to various metabolic and psychiatric disorders. 4. **Maternal pregnancy**: AGRP expression is altered during pregnancy, which may contribute to changes in maternal metabolism and energy homeostasis. In conclusion, AGRP is a critical regulator of feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, and metabolic health, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which AGRP influences physiological processes and to explore its therapeutic potential.

Genular Protein ID: 3087704506

Symbol: AGRP_HUMAN

Name: Agouti-related protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O00253 O15459 Q2TBD9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 17 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9119224

Title: Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice.

PubMed ID: 9119224

DOI: 10.1101/gad.11.5.593

PubMed ID: 9311920

Title: Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein.

PubMed ID: 9311920

DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5335.135

PubMed ID: 11602360

Title: The gene structure and minimal promoter of the human agouti related protein.

PubMed ID: 11602360

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00705-3

PubMed ID: 11326303

Title: Association between an agouti-related protein gene polymorphism and anorexia nervosa.

PubMed ID: 11326303

DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000854

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9724530

Title: Determination of disulfide structure in agouti-related protein (AGRP) by stepwise reduction and alkylation.

PubMed ID: 9724530

DOI: 10.1021/bi981082v

PubMed ID: 9892020

Title: Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors.

PubMed ID: 9892020

DOI: 10.1210/mend.13.1.0223

PubMed ID: 11145747

Title: AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist on the human-melanocortin-4 receptor.

PubMed ID: 11145747

DOI: 10.1210/mend.15.1.0578

PubMed ID: 17185225

Title: Structural and molecular evolutionary analysis of Agouti and Agouti-related proteins.

PubMed ID: 17185225

DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.10.006

PubMed ID: 16384863

Title: Agouti-related protein is posttranslationally cleaved by proprotein convertase 1 to generate agouti-related protein (AGRP)83-132: interaction between AGRP83-132 and melanocortin receptors cannot be influenced by syndecan-3.

PubMed ID: 16384863

DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1373

PubMed ID: 17041250

Title: The natural inverse agonist agouti-related protein induces arrestin-mediated endocytosis of melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors.

PubMed ID: 17041250

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605982200

PubMed ID: 10371151

Title: NMR structure of a minimized human agouti related protein prepared by total chemical synthesis.

PubMed ID: 10371151

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00553-0

PubMed ID: 11747427

Title: High-resolution NMR structure of the chemically-synthesized melanocortin receptor binding domain AGRP(87-132) of the agouti-related protein.

PubMed ID: 11747427

DOI: 10.1021/bi0117192

PubMed ID: 12056887

Title: Design, pharmacology, and NMR structure of a minimized cystine knot with agouti-related protein activity.

PubMed ID: 12056887

DOI: 10.1021/bi012000x

PubMed ID: 12213871

Title: A polymorphism in the human agouti-related protein is associated with late-onset obesity.

PubMed ID: 12213871

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-011834

PubMed ID: 15927146

Title: Functional analysis of the Ala67Thr polymorphism in agouti related protein associated with anorexia nervosa and leanness.

PubMed ID: 15927146

DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.04.033

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 132
  • Mass: 14440
  • Checksum: 1CCBE112C3EB10F5
  • Sequence:
    • MLTAAVLSCA LLLALPATRG AQMGLAPMEG IRRPDQALLP ELPGLGLRAP LKKTTAEQAE 
EDLLQEAQAL AEVLDLQDRE PRSSRRCVRL HESCLGQQVP CCDPCATCYC RFFNAFCYCR 
KLGTAMNPCS RT

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.