Details for: AHSG

Gene ID: 197

Symbol: AHSG

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145192

Description: alpha 2-HS glycoprotein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 41.5715
    Cell Significance Index: 699.2100
  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 9.1935
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 6.2822
    Cell Significance Index: 1246.7300
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 5.7975
    Cell Significance Index: 21.8400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 5.2431
    Cell Significance Index: 88.3200
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 1.7713
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7500
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.7304
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9700
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 1.4438
    Cell Significance Index: 21.3100
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.3698
    Cell Significance Index: 19.6300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 1.1760
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 1.0693
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.8195
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4700
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 0.6925
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8400
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.4885
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0700
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 0.4451
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4200
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.4152
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8000
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.3335
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6800
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.3071
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2545
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8200
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 0.2085
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5500
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.1345
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7000
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.1065
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1500
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.1057
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.0978
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9300
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.0569
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4200
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.0205
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1600
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: 0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8600
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0142
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0142
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0271
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7700
  • Cell Name: gamma-delta T cell (CL0000798)
    Fold Change: -0.0271
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5700
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0332
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human (CL0000938)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0363
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0372
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0436
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0479
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: -0.0484
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0504
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0516
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0530
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** AHSG is a glycoprotein composed of two chains of 46 kDa each, linked by a disulfide bond. It is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and secreted into the extracellular space, where it can interact with various receptors and ligands. AHSG has a high degree of variability in its amino acid sequence, with multiple isoforms and post-translational modifications. These modifications, including glycosylation and phosphorylation, can influence its binding affinity and functional properties. **Pathways and Functions** AHSG is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including: 1. **Acute-phase response**: AHSG is upregulated in response to inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, and plays a role in regulating the acute-phase response. 2. **Immune system**: AHSG interacts with various immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, modulating their activation and function. 3. **Hemostasis**: AHSG inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, thereby regulating blood clotting and preventing excessive thrombosis. 4. **Metabolism**: AHSG regulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transport and uptake by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), influencing glucose and lipid metabolism. 5. **Bone mineralization**: AHSG inhibits bone mineralization by regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity. **Clinical Significance** AHSG has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Atherosclerosis**: Elevated AHSG levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and atherosclerotic plaque formation. 2. **Cancer**: AHSG has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis, particularly in colorectal and breast cancers. 3. **Metabolic disorders**: AHSG has been associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. 4. **Osteoporosis**: AHSG has been implicated in bone mineralization disorders, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease. In conclusion, AHSG is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune function. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the mechanisms and clinical implications of AHSG in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3221993839

Symbol: FETUA_HUMAN

Name: Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3474608

Title: Human alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein: the A and B chains with a connecting sequence are encoded by a single mRNA transcript.

PubMed ID: 3474608

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.13.4403

PubMed ID: 9322749

Title: Structure of the gene encoding human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG).

PubMed ID: 9322749

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00216-3

PubMed ID: 11415520

Title: Haplotype analysis of the human alpha2-HS glycoprotein (fetuin) gene.

PubMed ID: 11415520

DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510027.x

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3944104

Title: The complete amino acid sequence of the A-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein.

PubMed ID: 3944104

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35992-6

PubMed ID: 12665801

Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.

PubMed ID: 12665801

DOI: 10.1038/nbt810

PubMed ID: 9003486

Title: Molecular evidence for human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 9003486

DOI: 10.1007/s004390050302

PubMed ID: 6833285

Title: Characterization of the B-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein. The complete amino acid sequence and primary structure of its heteroglycan.

PubMed ID: 6833285

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32522-5

PubMed ID: 2645941

Title: The position of the disulfide bonds in human plasma alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and the repeating double disulfide bonds in the domain structure.

PubMed ID: 2645941

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(89)90293-8

PubMed ID: 2760061

Title: The arrangement of disulfide loops in human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein. Similarity to the disulfide bridge structures of cystatins and kininogens.

PubMed ID: 2760061

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71651-7

PubMed ID: 11439093

Title: Phosphorylation of human plasma alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (human fetuin) in vivo.

PubMed ID: 11439093

DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3570437

PubMed ID: 12754519

Title: Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 12754519

DOI: 10.1038/nbt827

PubMed ID: 14760718

Title: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14760718

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300556

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16740002

Title: Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16740002

DOI: 10.1021/pr050492k

PubMed ID: 18088087

Title: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets.

PubMed ID: 18088087

DOI: 10.1021/pr0704130

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 18318008

Title: Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography.

PubMed ID: 18318008

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700884

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 19139490

Title: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 19139490

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800504-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19838169

Title: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification.

PubMed ID: 19838169

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1392

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22171320

Title: Human urinary glycoproteomics; attachment site specific analysis of N- and O-linked glycosylations by CID and ECD.

PubMed ID: 22171320

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.013649

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26091039

Title: A single kinase generates the majority of the secreted phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 26091039

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028

PubMed ID: 28054173

Title: Association of AHSG with alopecia and mental retardation (APMR) syndrome.

PubMed ID: 28054173

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1756-5

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 367
  • Mass: 39341
  • Checksum: 3FE60C8D6B6272D5
  • Sequence:
  • MKSLVLLLCL AQLWGCHSAP HGPGLIYRQP NCDDPETEEA ALVAIDYINQ NLPWGYKHTL 
    NQIDEVKVWP QQPSGELFEI EIDTLETTCH VLDPTPVARC SVRQLKEHAV EGDCDFQLLK 
    LDGKFSVVYA KCDSSPDSAE DVRKVCQDCP LLAPLNDTRV VHAAKAALAA FNAQNNGSNF 
    QLEEISRAQL VPLPPSTYVE FTVSGTDCVA KEATEAAKCN LLAEKQYGFC KATLSEKLGG 
    AEVAVTCMVF QTQPVSSQPQ PEGANEAVPT PVVDPDAPPS PPLGAPGLPP AGSPPDSHVL 
    LAAPPGHQLH RAHYDLRHTF MGVVSLGSPS GEVSHPRKTR TVVQPSVGAA AGPVVPPCPG 
    RIRHFKV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.