Details for: A2M

Gene ID: 2

Symbol: A2M

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175899

Description: alpha-2-macroglobulin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 6.68
    Marker Score: 21868
  • Cell Name: alveolar type 2 fibroblast cell (CL4028006)
    Fold Change: 5.58
    Marker Score: 3101
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 1 endothelial cell (CL4028002)
    Fold Change: 3.97
    Marker Score: 10081
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 3.74
    Marker Score: 3565
  • Cell Name: pulmonary artery endothelial cell (CL1001568)
    Fold Change: 3.51
    Marker Score: 3023
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 3.5
    Marker Score: 7680.5
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial cell (CL1000500)
    Fold Change: 3.46
    Marker Score: 2462
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 3.27
    Marker Score: 1624
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 3.23
    Marker Score: 4693
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of uterus (CL0009095)
    Fold Change: 3.21
    Marker Score: 6404
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Marker Score: 8024
  • Cell Name: peritubular capillary endothelial cell (CL1001033)
    Fold Change: 3
    Marker Score: 698
  • Cell Name: mature microglial cell (CL0002629)
    Fold Change: 2.89
    Marker Score: 1046
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cell (CL4028003)
    Fold Change: 2.86
    Marker Score: 4134
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Marker Score: 1656
  • Cell Name: contractile cell (CL0000183)
    Fold Change: 2.77
    Marker Score: 1499
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: 2.74
    Marker Score: 1141
  • Cell Name: bronchus fibroblast of lung (CL2000093)
    Fold Change: 2.6
    Marker Score: 3568
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 2.56
    Marker Score: 2411
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial fibroblast (CL1000692)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Marker Score: 4846
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: 2.48
    Marker Score: 2118
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Marker Score: 987
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 659
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Marker Score: 2061
  • Cell Name: supporting cell (CL0000630)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 4283
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Marker Score: 4138
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Marker Score: 579
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Marker Score: 3681
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 1253
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Marker Score: 1156
  • Cell Name: preosteoblast (CL0007010)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Marker Score: 594
  • Cell Name: lung microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000016)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 425
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 10680.5
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Marker Score: 799
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 740
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Marker Score: 1012
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Marker Score: 1212
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Marker Score: 1837
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 1825
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 1945
  • Cell Name: vein endothelial cell (CL0002543)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Marker Score: 1584
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Marker Score: 39023
  • Cell Name: chondrocyte (CL0000138)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 785
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Marker Score: 1089
  • Cell Name: tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0019019)
    Fold Change: 1.72
    Marker Score: 505
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 7399
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 644
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of prostate (CL1000299)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 1808
  • Cell Name: prostate stromal cell (CL0002622)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 2093
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 2039
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 392.5
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 356
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of sinusoid (CL0002262)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 385
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Marker Score: 1771
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Marker Score: 391
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Marker Score: 419.5
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 167522
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 460
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Marker Score: 1396
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Marker Score: 9064
  • Cell Name: glomerular endothelial cell (CL0002188)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 356
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 3611
  • Cell Name: endothelial tip cell (CL0000704)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 321
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 4892
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 2541
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 5692
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 804
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 314
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 1309
  • Cell Name: vasa recta ascending limb cell (CL1001131)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 308
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 1316
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 579
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 777
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 18048
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 5410.5
  • Cell Name: uterine smooth muscle cell (CL0002601)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 1372
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71745
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47970
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30399
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 17340
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 1982
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine (CL0009022)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 218
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 601
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2412
  • Cell Name: mature gamma-delta T cell (CL0000800)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2983
  • Cell Name: bronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0002598)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 263
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 425
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2732
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5295
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 4961
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 655
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of large intestine (CL1000279)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 323
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 1004
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 12659.5
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 970
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 322
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1250
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 437

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Other Information

# Summary The A2M gene encodes a protein called alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M). A2M is a secreted protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of blood clot formation and inflammation. It is expressed in a variety of cell types, including hepatoblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and macrophages. # Key characteristics * A2M is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. * It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. * A2M is produced by a variety of cell types in response to injury or inflammation. * It is a key regulator of the coagulation cascade, which is responsible for the formation of blood clots. * A2M also plays a role in the regulation of inflammation and cell migration. # Pathways and functions * A2M is produced in response to injury or inflammation. * It binds to collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix, which is a protein that provides structural support for blood vessels. * This binding prevents the formation of new blood clots and helps to stabilize existing clots. * A2M also binds to platelets, which are small blood cells that play a key role in blood clotting. * This binding activates platelets and promotes the formation of blood clots. * A2M is also involved in the regulation of inflammation. * It can inhibit the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, which are enzymes that break down proteins. * This inhibition helps to prevent the degradation of A2M and other proteins that are involved in blood clot formation. # Clinical significance A2M is a clinically significant protein in patients with cardiovascular disease. In people with cardiovascular disease, high levels of A2M have been linked to increased risk of thrombosis. This is because A2M can promote the formation of blood clots, which can lead to heart attack and stroke. A2M can be measured in the blood to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease. High levels of A2M have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. A2M can be a target for therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease. There are a number of drugs that can block the activity of A2M, which can help to prevent the formation of blood clots and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

Genular Protein ID: 2501749604

Symbol: A2MG_HUMAN

Name: Alpha-2-macroglobulin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2581245

Title: Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human alpha 2-macroglobulin and assignment of the chromosomal locus.

PubMed ID: 2581245

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.8.2282

PubMed ID: 15611997

Title: Alpha(2) macroglobulin, a PSA-binding protein, is expressed in human prostate stroma.

PubMed ID: 15611997

DOI: 10.1002/pros.20183

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1374237

Title: Structure of the human alpha-2 macroglobulin gene and its promotor.

PubMed ID: 1374237

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)90631-t

PubMed ID: 6203908

Title: Primary structure of human alpha 2-macroglobulin. V. The complete structure.

PubMed ID: 6203908

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39730-2

PubMed ID: 2430963

Title: Primary structure of human alpha 2-macroglobulin. Complete disulfide bridge assignment and localization of two interchain bridges in the dimeric proteinase binding unit.

PubMed ID: 2430963

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66643-8

PubMed ID: 1692292

Title: A genetic polymorphism in a functional domain of human pregnancy zone protein: the bait region. Genomic structure of the bait domains of human pregnancy zone protein and alpha 2 macroglobulin.

PubMed ID: 1692292

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80226-9

PubMed ID: 1370808

Title: Cloning of the human alpha 2-macroglobulin gene and detection of mutations in two functional domains: the bait region and the thiolester site.

PubMed ID: 1370808

DOI: 10.1007/bf00197266

PubMed ID: 2408344

Title: Human alpha 2-macroglobulin gene is located on chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 2408344

DOI: 10.1007/bf01534685

PubMed ID: 6167263

Title: Proteolytic cleavage sites on alpha 2-macroglobulin resulting in proteinase binding are different for trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V-8 proteinase.

PubMed ID: 6167263

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(81)80055-1

PubMed ID: 6165619

Title: Primary structure of the 'bait' region for proteinases in alpha 2-macroglobulin. Nature of the complex.

PubMed ID: 6165619

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80197-4

PubMed ID: 6172288

Title: Primary and secondary cleavage sites in the bait region of alpha 2-macroglobulin.

PubMed ID: 6172288

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80804-6

PubMed ID: 6195065

Title: Human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G cleavage sites in the bait region of alpha 2-macroglobulin. Proposed structural limits of the bait region.

PubMed ID: 6195065

DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.2.1297

PubMed ID: 12754519

Title: Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 12754519

DOI: 10.1038/nbt827

PubMed ID: 14760718

Title: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14760718

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300556

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 19139490

Title: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 19139490

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800504-mcp200

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 9865955

Title: Localization of basic residues required for receptor binding to the single alpha-helix of the receptor binding domain of human alpha2-macroglobulin.

PubMed ID: 9865955

DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560071214

PubMed ID: 17608619

Title: Human alpha2-macroglobulin is composed of multiple domains, as predicted by homology with complement component C3.

PubMed ID: 17608619

DOI: 10.1042/bj20070764

PubMed ID: 1707161

Title: Sequence polymorphism in the human alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) gene.

PubMed ID: 1707161

DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.1.198-a

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1474
  • Mass: 163291
  • Checksum: 0A46DF09EFD3CF40
  • Sequence:
  • MGKNKLLHPS LVLLLLVLLP TDASVSGKPQ YMVLVPSLLH TETTEKGCVL LSYLNETVTV 
    SASLESVRGN RSLFTDLEAE NDVLHCVAFA VPKSSSNEEV MFLTVQVKGP TQEFKKRTTV 
    MVKNEDSLVF VQTDKSIYKP GQTVKFRVVS MDENFHPLNE LIPLVYIQDP KGNRIAQWQS 
    FQLEGGLKQF SFPLSSEPFQ GSYKVVVQKK SGGRTEHPFT VEEFVLPKFE VQVTVPKIIT 
    ILEEEMNVSV CGLYTYGKPV PGHVTVSICR KYSDASDCHG EDSQAFCEKF SGQLNSHGCF 
    YQQVKTKVFQ LKRKEYEMKL HTEAQIQEEG TVVELTGRQS SEITRTITKL SFVKVDSHFR 
    QGIPFFGQVR LVDGKGVPIP NKVIFIRGNE ANYYSNATTD EHGLVQFSIN TTNVMGTSLT 
    VRVNYKDRSP CYGYQWVSEE HEEAHHTAYL VFSPSKSFVH LEPMSHELPC GHTQTVQAHY 
    ILNGGTLLGL KKLSFYYLIM AKGGIVRTGT HGLLVKQEDM KGHFSISIPV KSDIAPVARL 
    LIYAVLPTGD VIGDSAKYDV ENCLANKVDL SFSPSQSLPA SHAHLRVTAA PQSVCALRAV 
    DQSVLLMKPD AELSASSVYN LLPEKDLTGF PGPLNDQDNE DCINRHNVYI NGITYTPVSS 
    TNEKDMYSFL EDMGLKAFTN SKIRKPKMCP QLQQYEMHGP EGLRVGFYES DVMGRGHARL 
    VHVEEPHTET VRKYFPETWI WDLVVVNSAG VAEVGVTVPD TITEWKAGAF CLSEDAGLGI 
    SSTASLRAFQ PFFVELTMPY SVIRGEAFTL KATVLNYLPK CIRVSVQLEA SPAFLAVPVE 
    KEQAPHCICA NGRQTVSWAV TPKSLGNVNF TVSAEALESQ ELCGTEVPSV PEHGRKDTVI 
    KPLLVEPEGL EKETTFNSLL CPSGGEVSEE LSLKLPPNVV EESARASVSV LGDILGSAMQ 
    NTQNLLQMPY GCGEQNMVLF APNIYVLDYL NETQQLTPEI KSKAIGYLNT GYQRQLNYKH 
    YDGSYSTFGE RYGRNQGNTW LTAFVLKTFA QARAYIFIDE AHITQALIWL SQRQKDNGCF 
    RSSGSLLNNA IKGGVEDEVT LSAYITIALL EIPLTVTHPV VRNALFCLES AWKTAQEGDH 
    GSHVYTKALL AYAFALAGNQ DKRKEVLKSL NEEAVKKDNS VHWERPQKPK APVGHFYEPQ 
    APSAEVEMTS YVLLAYLTAQ PAPTSEDLTS ATNIVKWITK QQNAQGGFSS TQDTVVALHA 
    LSKYGAATFT RTGKAAQVTI QSSGTFSSKF QVDNNNRLLL QQVSLPELPG EYSMKVTGEG 
    CVYLQTSLKY NILPEKEEFP FALGVQTLPQ TCDEPKAHTS FQISLSVSYT GSRSASNMAI 
    VDVKMVSGFI PLKPTVKMLE RSNHVSRTEV SSNHVLIYLD KVSNQTLSLF FTVLQDVPVR 
    DLKPAIVKVY DYYETDEFAI AEYNAPCSKD LGNA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.