Details for: GGA2

Gene ID: 23062

Symbol: GGA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000103365

Description: golgi associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Marker Score: 3,897
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Marker Score: 3,137
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 2.42
    Marker Score: 5,321
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 2.39
    Marker Score: 42,491
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 4,037
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 6,782
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Marker Score: 9,466
  • Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 1,057
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 30,099
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 76,285
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 73,889
  • Cell Name: germinal center B cell (CL0000844)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 1,216
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 8,261
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 1,158
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 1,153
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Marker Score: 38,881
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 17,878
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 14,536
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Marker Score: 6,989
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Marker Score: 596
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Marker Score: 7,215
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 111,548
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Marker Score: 7,269
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Marker Score: 16,130
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 1,489
  • Cell Name: IgG-negative class switched memory B cell (CL0002117)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 1,635
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 14,238
  • Cell Name: transitional stage B cell (CL0000818)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 582
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Marker Score: 16,776
  • Cell Name: IgG memory B cell (CL0000979)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 969
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 33,907
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 809
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 1,170
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 39,579
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Marker Score: 1,686
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 2,249
  • Cell Name: B-1 B cell (CL0000819)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 2,516
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 594
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 417
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 1,576
  • Cell Name: class switched memory B cell (CL0000972)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 1,269
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 6,141
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 386
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 602
  • Cell Name: small pre-B-II cell (CL0000954)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 1,566
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 1,125
  • Cell Name: B-1b B cell (CL0000821)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 282
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 606
  • Cell Name: centrocyte (CL0009111)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 283
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 651
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 2,686
  • Cell Name: A2 amacrine cell (CL0004219)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 367
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 391
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 3,257
  • Cell Name: CD38-negative naive B cell (CL0002102)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 2,388
  • Cell Name: large pre-B-II cell (CL0000957)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 3,095
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 1,858
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 1,179
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 2,358
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 448
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 2,714
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 1,408
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 17,028
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 1,518
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 287
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 540
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 937
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 689
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 317
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,629
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 594
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 47,854
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 856
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 1,190
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001111)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 1,057
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,381
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 2,624
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 1,052
  • Cell Name: immature B cell (CL0000816)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 644
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 1,969
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 672
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 601
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 14,998
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,249
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 634
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,333
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 2,387
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 347
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 382
  • Cell Name: unswitched memory B cell (CL0000970)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 546
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 376
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 2,560
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 882
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 477
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial fibroblast (CL1000692)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1,778
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 3,849
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 202
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 649
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 433

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GGA2 belongs to the Golgi apparatus, a complex organelle involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging. It is characterized by the presence of a gamma-adaptin ear domain, which interacts with clathrin-coated vesicles and regulates their trafficking. GGA2 also exhibits binding affinity for ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), a small GTPase that regulates vesicle fusion and membrane trafficking. These characteristics enable GGA2 to modulate the endocytic and exocytic pathways, ensuring the precise distribution of proteins to their target destinations. **Pathways and Functions:** GGA2 is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Amyloid fiber formation**: GGA2 regulates the sorting and transport of amyloid precursor protein (APP), influencing the formation of amyloid fibers, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. 2. **Clathrin-coated vesicle formation**: GGA2 interacts with clathrin to form clathrin-coated vesicles, which are essential for endocytosis and the transport of proteins to the Golgi apparatus. 3. **Early endosome membrane formation**: GGA2 regulates the formation and maturation of early endosomes, ensuring the efficient sorting and transport of proteins. 4. **Golgi apparatus function**: GGA2 interacts with ARF to regulate the fusion and fission of Golgi membranes, ensuring the proper distribution of proteins to their target destinations. 5. **Protein localization to cell surface**: GGA2 regulates the transport of proteins to the cell surface, influencing cell signaling, adhesion, and migration. **Clinical Significance:** GGA2 dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Alzheimer's disease**: GGA2 mutations have been linked to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its role in amyloid fiber formation and protein trafficking. 2. **Cancer**: GGA2 overexpression has been observed in various cancers, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, suggesting its involvement in tumor progression and metastasis. 3. **Neurological disorders**: GGA2 dysregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, highlighting its role in protein trafficking and localization. In conclusion, GGA2 is a critical regulator of membrane trafficking and protein localization, playing a pivotal role in various cellular processes. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, emphasizing the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying GGA2 function and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 1056371582

Symbol: GGA2_HUMAN

Name: ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10749927

Title: A family of ADP-ribosylation factor effectors that can alter transport through the trans-Golgi.

PubMed ID: 10749927

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.4.1241

PubMed ID: 10747088

Title: A family of proteins with gamma-adaptin and VHS domains that facilitate trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and the vacuole/lysosome.

PubMed ID: 10747088

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.149.1.67

PubMed ID: 10702286

Title: Vear, a novel Golgi-associated protein with VHS and gamma-adaptin 'ear' domains.

PubMed ID: 10702286

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.10.7176

PubMed ID: 10493829

Title: Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q.

PubMed ID: 10493829

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5927

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11331584

Title: The sortilin cytoplasmic tail conveys Golgi-endosome transport and binds the VHS domain of the GGA2 sorting protein.

PubMed ID: 11331584

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.9.2180

PubMed ID: 10470851

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.

PubMed ID: 10470851

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/6.3.197

PubMed ID: 10814529

Title: Adaptor gamma ear homology domain conserved in gamma-adaptin and GGA proteins that interact with gamma-synergin.

PubMed ID: 10814529

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2700

PubMed ID: 11301005

Title: The GGAs promote ARF-dependent recruitment of clathrin to the TGN.

PubMed ID: 11301005

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00299-9

PubMed ID: 11390366

Title: Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) proteins interact with acidic dileucine sequences within the cytoplasmic domains of sorting receptors through their Vps27p/Hrs/STAM (VHS) domains.

PubMed ID: 11390366

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100218200

PubMed ID: 11387475

Title: Sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptors mediated by the GGAs.

PubMed ID: 11387475

DOI: 10.1126/science.1060750

PubMed ID: 11950392

Title: GGA proteins associate with Golgi membranes through interaction between their GGAH domains and ADP-ribosylation factors.

PubMed ID: 11950392

DOI: 10.1042/bj20020428

PubMed ID: 11821067

Title: The sorLA cytoplasmic domain interacts with GGA1 and -2 and defines minimum requirements for GGA binding.

PubMed ID: 11821067

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03299-9

PubMed ID: 11886874

Title: Interaction of the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor with GGA proteins.

PubMed ID: 11886874

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201879200

PubMed ID: 12429846

Title: Clint: a novel clathrin-binding ENTH-domain protein at the Golgi.

PubMed ID: 12429846

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-03-0171

PubMed ID: 14567678

Title: Biochemical and structural characterization of the interaction of memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) cytosolic domain with the VHS domain of GGA proteins.

PubMed ID: 14567678

DOI: 10.1021/bi035199h

PubMed ID: 12505986

Title: Divalent interaction of the GGAs with the Rabaptin-5-Rabex-5 complex.

PubMed ID: 12505986

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg015

PubMed ID: 12808037

Title: Binding partners for the COOH-terminal appendage domains of the GGAs and gamma-adaptin.

PubMed ID: 12808037

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-11-0735

PubMed ID: 14638859

Title: Mammalian GGAs act together to sort mannose 6-phosphate receptors.

PubMed ID: 14638859

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200308038

PubMed ID: 14665628

Title: Definition of the consensus motif recognized by gamma-adaptin ear domains.

PubMed ID: 14665628

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311873200

PubMed ID: 15039775

Title: Interactions of GGA3 with the ubiquitin sorting machinery.

PubMed ID: 15039775

DOI: 10.1038/ncb1106

PubMed ID: 15615712

Title: GGA proteins mediate the recycling pathway of memapsin 2 (BACE).

PubMed ID: 15615712

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411296200

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27901063

Title: Regulation of alpha2B-Adrenergic Receptor Cell Surface Transport by GGA1 and GGA2.

PubMed ID: 27901063

DOI: 10.1038/srep37921

PubMed ID: 28289207

Title: Conserved role for Gga proteins in phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase localization to the trans-Golgi network.

PubMed ID: 28289207

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615163114

PubMed ID: 12606052

Title: Crystal structure of GGA2 VHS domain and its implication in plasticity in the ligand binding pocket.

PubMed ID: 12606052

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00095-4

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 613
  • Mass: 67150
  • Checksum: 4B627ABA474A069C
  • Sequence:
  • MAATAVAAAV AGTESAQGPP GPAASLELWL NKATDPSMSE QDWSAIQNFC EQVNTDPNGP 
    THAPWLLAHK IQSPQEKEAL YALTVLEMCM NHCGEKFHSE VAKFRFLNEL IKVLSPKYLG 
    SWATGKVKGR VIEILFSWTV WFPEDIKIRD AYQMLKKQGI IKQDPKLPVD KILPPPSPWP 
    KSSIFDADEE KSKLLTRLLK SNHPEDLQAA NRLIKNLVKE EQEKSEKVSK RVSAVEEVRS 
    HVKVLQEMLS MYRRPGQAPP DQEALQVVYE RCEKLRPTLF RLASDTTDDD DALAEILQAN 
    DLLTQGVLLY KQVMEGRVTF GNRVTSSLGD IPVSRVFQNP AGCMKTCPLI DLEVDNGPAQ 
    MGTVVPSLLH QDLAALGISD APVTGMVSGQ NCCEEKRNPS SSTLPGGGVQ NPSADRNLLD 
    LLSAQPAPCP LNYVSQKSVP KEVPPGTKSS PGWSWEAGPL APSPSSQNTP LAQVFVPLES 
    VKPSSLPPLI VYDRNGFRIL LHFSQTGAPG HPEVQVLLLT MMSTAPQPVW DIMFQVAVPK 
    SMRVKLQPAS SSKLPAFSPL MPPAVISQML LLDNPHKEPI RLRYKLTFNQ GGQPFSEVGE 
    VKDFPDLAVL GAA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.