Details for: KCNE4

Gene ID: 23704

Symbol: KCNE4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152049

Description: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 4

Associated with

  • Cardiac conduction
    (R-HSA-5576891)
  • Muscle contraction
    (R-HSA-397014)
  • Phase 2 - plateau phase
    (R-HSA-5576893)
  • Phase 3 - rapid repolarisation
    (R-HSA-5576890)
  • Apical plasma membrane
    (GO:0016324)
  • Delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
    (GO:0005251)
  • Membrane repolarization during action potential
    (GO:0086011)
  • Membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
    (GO:0098915)
  • Monoatomic ion channel complex
    (GO:0034702)
  • Negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
    (GO:1902260)
  • Potassium channel regulator activity
    (GO:0015459)
  • Potassium ion export across plasma membrane
    (GO:0097623)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction
    (GO:0086091)
  • Regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization
    (GO:0060307)
  • Transmembrane transporter binding
    (GO:0044325)
  • Ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
    (GO:0086005)
  • Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
    (GO:1902282)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 3.19
    Marker Score: 4,289
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 2.65
    Marker Score: 3,211
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 2,294
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 601
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 6,860
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 1,162
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 169,053
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 815
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 847
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 2,501
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 41,010
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 1,129
  • Cell Name: uterine smooth muscle cell (CL0002601)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 1,493
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 4,798
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 501
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 664
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 251,792
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 789
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 15,922
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 641
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,810
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,034
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 253
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,407
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 504
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 458
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 401
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 573
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,411
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5,314
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 544
  • Cell Name: supporting cell (CL0000630)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1,737
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 370
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 5,545
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,734
  • Cell Name: contractile cell (CL0000183)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 492
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 322
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 421
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,280
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 263
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 235
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 5,220
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial cell (CL1000500)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 550
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1,255
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 695
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 393
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 1,634
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 177
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial fibroblast (CL1000692)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 1,224
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 969
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 411
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 13,192
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 383
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of large intestine (CL1000279)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 225
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 506
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 337
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 147
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 442
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 288
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 523
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal lymphangioblast (CL0005021)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: bronchus fibroblast of lung (CL2000093)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 729
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 255
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 633
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 1,368
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 205
  • Cell Name: tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0019019)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 142
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 214
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 140
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 199
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 123
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 189
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 524
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 294
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 443
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of prostate (CL1000299)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 110
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 139
  • Cell Name: prostate stromal cell (CL0002622)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 110
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 135
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 961
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 392
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 844
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 253
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 368
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 196
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 93
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 669
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 142
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 278
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 307
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 285
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 94
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 1,896
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 3,826
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 108

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Subunit structure:** KCNE4 is a regulatory subunit of voltage-gated potassium channels, which are heteromeric complexes composed of a pore-forming alpha subunit and one or more regulatory beta subunits. 2. **Expression:** KCNE4 is widely expressed in various tissues, including cardiac muscle cells, lens epithelial cells, and intestinal crypt stem cells. 3. **Function:** KCNE4 regulates the activity of voltage-gated potassium channels, modulating the duration and amplitude of the cardiac action potential. 4. **Phosphorylation:** KCNE4 is phosphorylated at specific sites, which affects its binding affinity to the pore-forming alpha subunit and modulates channel activity. **Pathways and Functions:** The KCNE4 gene is involved in several key pathways and processes, including: 1. **Cardiac conduction:** KCNE4 plays a critical role in regulating the cardiac action potential, particularly during the repolarization phase. 2. **Membrane repolarization:** KCNE4 modulates the duration and amplitude of the cardiac action potential by regulating the activity of voltage-gated potassium channels. 3. **Muscle contraction:** KCNE4 is also involved in regulating muscle contraction by modulating the activity of potassium channels in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. 4. **Regulation of heart rate:** KCNE4 helps regulate heart rate by modulating the activity of voltage-gated potassium channels in cardiac muscle cells. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of KCNE4 has been implicated in various cardiac arrhythmias, including long QT syndrome (LQTS) and atrial fibrillation. Mutations in the KCNE4 gene can lead to abnormal potassium channel function, resulting in prolonged repolarization and increased risk of arrhythmias. Understanding the role of KCNE4 in cardiac conduction and repolarization has significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies, including potassium channel modulators and gene therapy approaches. In conclusion, KCNE4 is a critical regulatory subunit of voltage-gated potassium channels, playing a key role in cardiac conduction, repolarization, and muscle contraction. Its dysregulation has significant implications for understanding cardiac arrhythmias and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which KCNE4 regulates potassium channel activity and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

Genular Protein ID: 3988464530

Symbol: KCNE4_HUMAN

Name: MinK-related peptide 3

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q8WWG9 A5H1P5 B7Z275 Q53SM4 Q96CC4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 3 EMBL 7 Ensembl 1 GO 11 GeneCards 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 2 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12096056

Title: KCNE4 is an inhibitory subunit to the KCNQ1 channel.

PubMed ID: 12096056

DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.017301

PubMed ID: 19687231

Title: Distinct subdomains of the KCNQ1 S6 segment determine channel modulation by different KCNE subunits.

PubMed ID: 19687231

DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200910234

PubMed ID: 20533308

Title: Impact of KCNE subunits on KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) channel membrane surface targeting.

PubMed ID: 20533308

DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22265

PubMed ID: 27162025

Title: Novel exon 1 protein-coding regions N-terminally extend human KCNE3 and KCNE4.

PubMed ID: 27162025

DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600467r

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 221
  • Mass: 23806
  • Checksum: F601434C18E82CFE
  • Sequence:
    • MHFLTIYPNC SSGVVRAQSR TEQKNPLGLD DLGIQNLGQT VSLAPAVEAA SMLKMEPLNS 
THPGTAASSS PLESRAAGGG SGNGNEYFYI LVVMSFYGIF LIGIMLGYMK SKRREKKSSL 
LLLYKDEERL WGEAMKPLPV VSGLRSVQVP LMLNMLQESV APALSCTLCS MEGDSVSSES 
SSPDVHLTIQ EEGADDELEE TSETPLNESS EGSSENIHQN S

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.