Details for: AMH

Gene ID: 268

Symbol: AMH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104899

Description: anti-Mullerian hormone

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 39.5383
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 24.5620
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2300
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 6.3772
    Cell Significance Index: 89.4500
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 5.0205
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1900
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 4.7370
    Cell Significance Index: 68.7800
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 1.3109
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.6072
    Cell Significance Index: 115.5500
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.5662
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.5466
    Cell Significance Index: 54.0800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.4713
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4466
    Cell Significance Index: 403.2200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3880
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.2471
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2310
    Cell Significance Index: 37.5800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2147
    Cell Significance Index: 9.7300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2021
    Cell Significance Index: 72.5100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1945
    Cell Significance Index: 21.1600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.1895
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9500
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: 0.1598
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.1509
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.1379
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0967
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0873
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0840
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0559
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8800
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0133
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0325
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0418
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5800
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0438
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0516
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2500
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0545
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0573
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0600
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0647
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0672
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0694
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: surface ectodermal cell (CL0000114)
    Fold Change: -0.0697
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0708
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0712
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0753
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0795
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0802
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0811
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0830
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: -0.0846
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0883
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0887
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.0929
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0948
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.0970
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1038
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8800
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.1047
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5100
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.1129
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1227
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1239
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1295
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2400
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1303
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1347
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure:** AMH is a secreted protein, also known as the Muellerian-inhibiting factor (MIS), and is produced by the Sertoli cells in the testes. 2. **Function:** AMH is a potent anti-Mullerian hormone, responsible for the regression of the Mullerian ducts in male embryos, preventing the development of female reproductive organs. 3. **Expression:** AMH is highly expressed in the testes, particularly in the Sertoli cells, and is also found in other tissues, such as the brain, intestine, and liver. 4. **Regulation:** AMH is regulated by various factors, including testosterone, which stimulates its production. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Anti-Mullerian Hormone Signaling Pathway:** AMH binds to its receptor, GDF9, which triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the regression of the Mullerian ducts. 2. **Cell-cell Signaling:** AMH interacts with various cell types, including Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts, to regulate their development and function. 3. **Developmental Biology:** AMH plays a crucial role in the development of the urogenital system, particularly in the regression of the Mullerian ducts. 4. **Hormone Activity:** AMH is a hormone that regulates the development of the reproductive system and is involved in the negative regulation of ovarian follicle development. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Sex Determination:** AMH is essential for the determination of sex in mammals, as its absence leads to the development of female reproductive organs. 2. **Infertility:** AMH has been implicated in various forms of infertility, including premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 3. **Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia:** AMH has been linked to congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic disorder that affects the production of sex hormones. 4. **Fertility Preservation:** AMH has been studied as a potential biomarker for fertility preservation in individuals undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. **Conclusion:** The Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a critical regulator of sex determination and development in mammals. Its unique structure and function make it an essential protein for the development of the reproductive system. Further research on AMH may lead to a better understanding of its role in human fertility and the development of new therapeutic strategies for infertility and related disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 76971339

Symbol: MIS_HUMAN

Name: Muellerian-inhibiting factor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P03971 O75246 Q6GTN3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 1 GO 21 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3754790

Title: Isolation of the bovine and human genes for Mullerian inhibiting substance and expression of the human gene in animal cells.

PubMed ID: 3754790

DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90783-x

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2974034

Title: Proteolytic processing of mullerian inhibiting substance produces a transforming growth factor-beta-like fragment.

PubMed ID: 2974034

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37375-7

PubMed ID: 8469238

Title: Mullerian inhibiting substance requires its N-terminal domain for maintenance of biological activity, a novel finding within the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.

PubMed ID: 8469238

DOI: 10.1210/mend.7.2.8469238

PubMed ID: 11779604

Title: Relationship between serum muellerian-inhibiting substance and other reproductive hormones in untreated women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal women.

PubMed ID: 11779604

DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02944-2

PubMed ID: 14742691

Title: Anti-Muellerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment.

PubMed ID: 14742691

DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gah015

PubMed ID: 20861221

Title: Processing of anti-mullerian hormone regulates receptor activation by a mechanism distinct from TGF-beta.

PubMed ID: 20861221

DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0273

PubMed ID: 1483695

Title: Variants of the anti-Mullerian hormone gene in a compound heterozygote with the persistent Mullerian duct syndrome and his family.

PubMed ID: 1483695

DOI: 10.1007/bf00220465

PubMed ID: 8162013

Title: Molecular genetics of the persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: a study of 19 families.

PubMed ID: 8162013

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.1.125

PubMed ID: 8872466

Title: A 27 base-pair deletion of the anti-Muellerian type II receptor gene is the most common cause of the persistent Muellerian duct syndrome.

PubMed ID: 8872466

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.9.1269

PubMed ID: 34155118

Title: Structure of AMH bound to AMHR2 provides insight into a unique signaling pair in the TGF-beta family.

PubMed ID: 34155118

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104809118

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 560
  • Mass: 59195
  • Checksum: D05DCEE4FEDF94C2
  • Sequence:
    • MRDLPLTSLA LVLSALGALL GTEALRAEEP AVGTSGLIFR EDLDWPPGSP QEPLCLVALG 
GDSNGSSSPL RVVGALSAYE QAFLGAVQRA RWGPRDLATF GVCNTGDRQA ALPSLRRLGA 
WLRDPGGQRL VVLHLEEVTW EPTPSLRFQE PPPGGAGPPE LALLVLYPGP GPEVTVTRAG 
LPGAQSLCPS RDTRYLVLAV DRPAGAWRGS GLALTLQPRG EDSRLSTARL QALLFGDDHR 
CFTRMTPALL LLPRSEPAPL PAHGQLDTVP FPPPRPSAEL EESPPSADPF LETLTRLVRA 
LRVPPARASA PRLALDPDAL AGFPQGLVNL SDPAALERLL DGEEPLLLLL RPTAATTGDP 
APLHDPTSAP WATALARRVA AELQAAAAEL RSLPGLPPAT APLLARLLAL CPGGPGGLGD 
PLRALLLLKA LQGLRVEWRG RDPRGPGRAQ RSAGATAADG PCALRELSVD LRAERSVLIP 
ETYQANNCQG VCGWPQSDRN PRYGNHVVLL LKMQVRGAAL ARPPCCVPTA YAGKLLISLS 
EERISAHHVP NMVATECGCR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.