Details for: AOX1

Gene ID: 316

Symbol: AOX1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138356

Description: aldehyde oxidase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 3.54
    Marker Score: 2,332
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 2.8
    Marker Score: 2,962
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Marker Score: 11,830
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 12,610
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 8,097
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 1,034
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 1,167
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Marker Score: 3,306
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 27,672
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Marker Score: 1,494
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 169,075
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 339
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 342
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 3,211
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 732
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 336
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 853
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 3,027
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4,812
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 415
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 1,121
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 251,805
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,823
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,048
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 508
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,408
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 461
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 1,940
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,412
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,350
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 1,765
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 373
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 379
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,737
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 3,198
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous fat cell (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 321
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,296
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 392
  • Cell Name: alveolar type 2 fibroblast cell (CL4028006)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 473
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 494
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 605
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1,261
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 708
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 396
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 373
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 921
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 188
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial fibroblast (CL1000692)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 1,374
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 262
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 177
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 4,105
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 438
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell (CL0000077)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 246
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 9,478
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 362
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine (CL0009022)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 126
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 441
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 1,330
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 324
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 523
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 215
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 2,091
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 125
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 146
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 155
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 133
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 166
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 141
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 1,830
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 278
  • Cell Name: adipose microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000072)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 123
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 127
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 463
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 364
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 356
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 424
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 141
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 96
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 553
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 164
  • Cell Name: reticular cell (CL0000432)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 118
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 474
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 293
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 205
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 131
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 116
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 152
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 217
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 101
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 131
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 135
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 219

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** AOX1 is a flavoprotein enzyme that belongs to the aldehyde oxidase family, characterized by the presence of two iron and two sulfur clusters. This unique structure enables the enzyme to catalyze the oxidation of various aldehydes, resulting in the production of carboxylic acids and other metabolites. AOX1 is predominantly expressed in various tissues, including skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, pancreas, and colon, suggesting its widespread involvement in human metabolism. **Pathways and Functions:** AOX1 plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, vitamin B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate, and xenobiotic metabolism. The enzyme's ability to oxidize aldehydes has been implicated in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). AOX1 has also been shown to interact with various proteins, including flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and molybdopterin, highlighting its complex role in energy metabolism and redox homeostasis. **Clinical Significance:** AOX1 has been implicated in various diseases, including metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The enzyme's expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue suggests its potential role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, AOX1 has been linked to cancer development, with its expression observed in various types of tumors, including colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. The enzyme's ability to metabolize xenobiotics has also raised concerns about its potential role in the development of antibiotic resistance and other toxicological effects. **Implications for Immunology:** While AOX1 is not traditionally considered an immunoglobulin, its expression in various immune-privileged tissues, such as the eye and brain, suggests its potential role in modulating immune responses. The enzyme's ability to produce ROS and interact with various proteins has also led to speculation about its involvement in immune cell function and regulation. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the immunological implications of AOX1 and its potential role in modulating immune responses in various diseases. **Conclusion:** AOX1 is a multifaceted enzyme with far-reaching implications for human metabolism and disease. Its unique structure and expression patterns suggest its potential role in regulating various biological processes, including lipid metabolism, vitamin B6 activation, and xenobiotic metabolism. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which AOX1 influences human health and disease, with potential implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders and cancer.

Genular Protein ID: 3932043198

Symbol: AOXA_HUMAN

Name: Aldehyde oxidase 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8248161

Title: cDNA cloning, characterization, and tissue-specific expression of human xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase.

PubMed ID: 8248161

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.22.10690

PubMed ID: 11302742

Title: Mutation of human molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene is responsible to classical xanthinuria type II.

PubMed ID: 11302742

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4719

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7786031

Title: Substrate specificity of human liver aldehyde oxidase toward substituted quinazolines and phthalazines: a comparison with hepatic enzyme from guinea pig, rabbit, and baboon.

PubMed ID: 7786031

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1320

PubMed ID: 9224775

Title: In vitro oxidation of famciclovir and 6-deoxypenciclovir by aldehyde oxidase from human, guinea pig, rabbit, and rat liver.

PubMed ID: 9224775

PubMed ID: 17022944

Title: Aldehyde oxidase 1 is highly abundant in hepatic steatosis and is down-regulated by adiponectin and fenofibric acid in hepatocytes in vitro.

PubMed ID: 17022944

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.101

PubMed ID: 18066686

Title: Mammalian aldehyde oxidases: genetics, evolution and biochemistry.

PubMed ID: 18066686

DOI: 10.1007/s00018-007-7398-y

PubMed ID: 18671973

Title: Small-interference RNA-mediated knock-down of aldehyde oxidase 1 in 3T3-L1 cells impairs adipogenesis and adiponectin release.

PubMed ID: 18671973

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.07.034

PubMed ID: 20444863

Title: In vitro-in vivo correlation for intrinsic clearance for drugs metabolized by human aldehyde oxidase.

PubMed ID: 20444863

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.033555

PubMed ID: 22031625

Title: Characterization of aldehyde oxidase enzyme activity in cryopreserved human hepatocytes.

PubMed ID: 22031625

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042861

PubMed ID: 22522748

Title: Hydralazine as a selective probe inactivator of aldehyde oxidase in human hepatocytes: estimation of the contribution of aldehyde oxidase to metabolic clearance.

PubMed ID: 22522748

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045195

PubMed ID: 22335465

Title: The role of aldehyde oxidase in drug metabolism.

PubMed ID: 22335465

DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.663352

PubMed ID: 22996261

Title: Evidence for substrate-dependent inhibition profiles for human liver aldehyde oxidase.

PubMed ID: 22996261

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.048546

PubMed ID: 23857892

Title: Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) in human liver cytosols: quantitative characterization of AOX1 expression level and activity relationship.

PubMed ID: 23857892

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053082

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26322824

Title: Structural insights into xenobiotic and inhibitor binding to human aldehyde oxidase.

PubMed ID: 26322824

DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1895

PubMed ID: 26842593

Title: Optimization of the Expression of Human Aldehyde Oxidase for Investigations of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

PubMed ID: 26842593

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068395

PubMed ID: 22279051

Title: The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on human aldehyde oxidase.

PubMed ID: 22279051

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.043828

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1338
  • Mass: 147918
  • Checksum: 2AB5E543F18C9261
  • Sequence:
  • MDRASELLFY VNGRKVIEKN VDPETMLLPY LRKKLRLTGT KYGCGGGGCG ACTVMISRYN 
    PITKRIRHHP ANACLIPICS LYGAAVTTVE GIGSTHTRIH PVQERIAKCH GTQCGFCTPG 
    MVMSIYTLLR NHPEPTLDQL TDALGGNLCR CTGYRPIIDA CKTFCKTSGC CQSKENGVCC 
    LDQGINGLPE FEEGSKTSPK LFAEEEFLPL DPTQELIFPP ELMIMAEKQS QRTRVFGSER 
    MMWFSPVTLK ELLEFKFKYP QAPVIMGNTS VGPEVKFKGV FHPVIISPDR IEELSVVNHA 
    YNGLTLGAGL SLAQVKDILA DVVQKLPEEK TQMYHALLKH LGTLAGSQIR NMASLGGHII 
    SRHPDSDLNP ILAVGNCTLN LLSKEGKRQI PLNEQFLSKC PNADLKPQEI LVSVNIPYSR 
    KWEFVSAFRQ AQRQENALAI VNSGMRVFFG EGDGIIRELC ISYGGVGPAT ICAKNSCQKL 
    IGRHWNEQML DIACRLILNE VSLLGSAPGG KVEFKRTLII SFLFKFYLEV SQILKKMDPV 
    HYPSLADKYE SALEDLHSKH HCSTLKYQNI GPKQHPEDPI GHPIMHLSGV KHATGEAIYC 
    DDMPLVDQEL FLTFVTSSRA HAKIVSIDLS EALSMPGVVD IMTAEHLSDV NSFCFFTEAE 
    KFLATDKVFC VGQLVCAVLA DSEVQAKRAA KRVKIVYQDL EPLILTIEES IQHNSSFKPE 
    RKLEYGNVDE AFKVVDQILE GEIHMGGQEH FYMETQSMLV VPKGEDQEMD VYVSTQFPKY 
    IQDIVASTLK LPANKVMCHV RRVGGAFGGK VLKTGIIAAV TAFAANKHGR AVRCVLERGE 
    DMLITGGRHP YLGKYKAGFM NDGRILALDM EHYSNAGASL DESLFVIEMG LLKMDNAYKF 
    PNLRCRGWAC RTNLPSNTAF RGFGFPQAAL ITESCITEVA AKCGLSPEKV RIINMYKEID 
    QTPYKQEINA KNLIQCWREC MAMSSYSLRK VAVEKFNAEN YWKKKGLAMV PLKFPVGLGS 
    RAAGQAAALV HIYLDGSVLV THGGIEMGQG VHTKMIQVVS RELRMPMSNV HLRGTSTETV 
    PNANISGGSV VADLNGLAVK DACQTLLKRL EPIISKNPKG TWKDWAQTAF DESINLSAVG 
    YFRGYESDMN WEKGEGQPFE YFVYGAACSE VEIDCLTGDH KNIRTDIVMD VGCSINPAID 
    IGQIEGAFIQ GMGLYTIEEL NYSPQGILHT RGPDQYKIPA ICDMPTELHI ALLPPSQNSN 
    TLYSSKGLGE SGVFLGCSVF FAIHDAVSAA RQERGLHGPL TLNSPLTPEK IRMACEDKFT 
    KMIPRDEPGS YVPWNVPI

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.