Details for: APOA2

Gene ID: 336

Symbol: APOA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000158874

Description: apolipoprotein A2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 14.4
    Marker Score: 47,174
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 5.53
    Marker Score: 3,451
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 3.42
    Marker Score: 18,361
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 3.38
    Marker Score: 5,209
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Marker Score: 9,799
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Marker Score: 688
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 2.07
    Marker Score: 2,215
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 1,990
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 12,692
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Marker Score: 1,853
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Marker Score: 379
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 1,166
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 1,004
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 357
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 447
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 7,681
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4,806
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 1,265
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 465
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 708
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 6,321
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 794
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 694
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,811
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,038
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 507
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,407
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 461
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 438
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,412
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,921
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,344
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 373
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2,742
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 326
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 1,345
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 1,540
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 614
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 371
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 461
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 708
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 395
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 11,854
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 179
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 252
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 444
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 409
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 897
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 462
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 197
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 225
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 247
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 302
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 139
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 455
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 517
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 1,011
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 232
  • Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 231
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 277
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 2,776
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 426
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 203
  • Cell Name: mucosal invariant T cell (CL0000940)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 327
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 366
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 545
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 333
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 339
  • Cell Name: memory T cell (CL0000813)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 137
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 383
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 137
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 294
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 378
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 250
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 1,788
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 265
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 460
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 302
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 594
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 190
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 65
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 150
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 129
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 193
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 199
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 92
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 147
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 66
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 3,243
  • Cell Name: erythroid lineage cell (CL0000764)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 44
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 196
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 117
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 641

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** APOA2 is a small, hydrophobic protein that is structurally similar to apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), another major component of HDL particles. It is characterized by its ability to bind phospholipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides, facilitating the transport of lipids within the bloodstream. APOA2 also exhibits a high degree of conservation across species, suggesting its importance in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. The protein has a relatively short half-life, which allows for rapid regulation of lipid metabolism in response to changes in cholesterol levels. **Pathways and Functions** APOA2 is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Cholesterol efflux**: APOA2 facilitates the transfer of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to HDL particles, promoting the removal of excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. 2. **Reverse cholesterol transport**: APOA2 plays a critical role in the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion. 3. **Lipid metabolism**: APOA2 is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, including the breakdown and synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids. 4. **Anti-inflammatory responses**: APOA2 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes the clearance of apoptotic cells, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. 5. **Cellular signaling**: APOA2 interacts with various signaling molecules, including PPARα, to regulate lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of APOA2 has been implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and hypertriglyceridemia. Abnormal levels of APOA2 have been observed in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic disorder characterized by elevated LDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, APOA2 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, APOA2 is a critical protein involved in lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and anti-inflammatory responses. Its dysregulation has significant implications for cardiovascular health, highlighting the importance of further research into the mechanisms underlying APOA2 function and its role in disease pathogenesis.

Genular Protein ID: 4018813222

Symbol: APOA2_HUMAN

Name: Apolipoprotein A-II

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02652 B2R524

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 5 EMBL 10 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 63 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 6 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SWISS-2DPAGE 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6428397

Title: Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein AII.

PubMed ID: 6428397

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(84)80168-0

PubMed ID: 6089788

Title: Human apolipoprotein A-II: nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA, and localization of its structural gene on human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 6089788

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90371-1

PubMed ID: 6328445

Title: Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance.

PubMed ID: 6328445

DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.9.3917

PubMed ID: 2989800

Title: The human apolipoprotein A-II gene: complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization.

PubMed ID: 2989800

DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.12.4597

PubMed ID: 2995928

Title: The human apolipoprotein AII gene: structural organization and sites of expression.

PubMed ID: 2995928

DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.17.6387

PubMed ID: 3088392

Title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human apolipoprotein A-II cDNA.

PubMed ID: 3088392

DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(86)28103-3

PubMed ID: 12136239

Title: Sequence polymorphism at the human apolipoprotein AII gene (APOA2): unexpected deficit of variation in an African-American sample.

PubMed ID: 12136239

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-002-0763-x

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 4344225

Title: Isolation and characterization of the tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides of apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), plasma high density apolipoprotein.

PubMed ID: 4344225

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44556-0

PubMed ID: 24116940

Title: Expression and purification of recombinant human apolipoprotein A-II in Pichia pastoris.

PubMed ID: 24116940

DOI: 10.1089/adt.2013.511

PubMed ID: 6407957

Title: Cell-free translation of human liver apolipoprotein AI and AII mRNA. Processing of primary translation products.

PubMed ID: 6407957

DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.1.227

PubMed ID: 2107739

Title: A splice-junction mutation responsible for familial apolipoprotein A-II deficiency.

PubMed ID: 2107739

PubMed ID: 7918467

Title: Structure of human apolipoprotein D: locations of the intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide links.

PubMed ID: 7918467

DOI: 10.1021/bi00207a011

PubMed ID: 10498661

Title: Hepatitis C virus core protein binds to apolipoprotein AII and its secretion is modulated by fibrates.

PubMed ID: 10498661

DOI: 10.1002/hep.510300429

PubMed ID: 12269810

Title: Structures of apolipoprotein A-II and a lipid-surrogate complex provide insights into apolipoprotein-lipid interactions.

PubMed ID: 12269810

DOI: 10.1021/bi026069w

PubMed ID: 30278611

Title:

PubMed ID: 30278611

DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00956

PubMed ID: 11991719

Title: Cloning and characterization of a novel apolipoprotein A-I-binding protein, AI-BP, secreted by cells of the kidney proximal tubules in response to HDL or ApoA-I.

PubMed ID: 11991719

DOI: 10.1006/geno.2002.6761

PubMed ID: 12576517

Title: Characterization of specifically oxidized apolipoproteins in mildly oxidized high density lipoprotein.

PubMed ID: 12576517

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m200256-jlr200

PubMed ID: 12562854

Title: Novel mass spectrometric immunoassays for the rapid structural characterization of plasma apolipoproteins.

PubMed ID: 12562854

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d200034-jlr200

PubMed ID: 15922294

Title: NDRG1 interacts with APO A-I and A-II and is a functional candidate for the HDL-C QTL on 8q24.

PubMed ID: 15922294

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.050

PubMed ID: 19824718

Title: An initial characterization of the serum phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 19824718

DOI: 10.1021/pr900603n

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23234360

Title: LC-MS/MS characterization of O-glycosylation sites and glycan structures of human cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 23234360

DOI: 10.1021/pr300963h

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26091039

Title: A single kinase generates the majority of the secreted phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 26091039

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 100
  • Mass: 11175
  • Checksum: 1247868A25EC3AF2
  • Sequence:
    • MKLLAATVLL LTICSLEGAL VRRQAKEPCV ESLVSQYFQT VTDYGKDLME KVKSPELQAE 
AKSYFEKSKE QLTPLIKKAG TELVNFLSYF VELGTQPATQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.