Details for: APOA4

Gene ID: 337

Symbol: APOA4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110244

Description: apolipoprotein A4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 47.8642
    Cell Significance Index: 717.2000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 34.9697
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5100
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 10.6587
    Cell Significance Index: 80.8300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 4.8738
    Cell Significance Index: 140.4300
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 4.6677
    Cell Significance Index: 48.3200
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 1.2679
    Cell Significance Index: 16.0200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.1638
    Cell Significance Index: 37.2800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.0727
    Cell Significance Index: 23.2400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.0401
    Cell Significance Index: 62.4400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.7422
    Cell Significance Index: 73.4200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.7385
    Cell Significance Index: 666.8000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.6134
    Cell Significance Index: 42.4200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.5574
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.5093
    Cell Significance Index: 101.0700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.5070
    Cell Significance Index: 55.1500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.4623
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4190
    Cell Significance Index: 68.1500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3694
    Cell Significance Index: 70.2900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 0.0823
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8300
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0340
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0517
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0904
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0941
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1122
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1311
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.1377
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2400
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.2561
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2589
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2600
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.2721
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.2721
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.3101
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3119
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9000
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.3183
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.3293
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8300
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.3331
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.3401
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8600
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.3402
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.3510
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8800
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3809
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2300
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.3906
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.4055
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1400
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.4162
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2300
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.4202
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2700
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: -0.4903
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: -0.5150
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.5666
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1300
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.5907
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.6188
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5800
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.6224
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8600
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.6364
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: -0.6522
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5900
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: -0.6831
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2400
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.6908
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6000
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: -0.7046
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2900
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.7094
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3400
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: -0.7213
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8900
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.7291
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3600
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.7328
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5400
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: -0.7429
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0100
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: -0.7483
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1100
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.7485
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.7506
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8300
  • Cell Name: promonocyte (CL0000559)
    Fold Change: -0.7715
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.7740
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.7786
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8300
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: -0.7900
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2200
  • Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
    Fold Change: -0.8155
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2800
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: -0.8242
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2200
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.8255
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5700
  • Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
    Fold Change: -0.8397
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3000
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.8524
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.8697
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.8729
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5000
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: -0.8782
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3400
  • Cell Name: natural T-regulatory cell (CL0000903)
    Fold Change: -0.8832
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6500
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: -0.8847
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.8847
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1300
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.8885
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3900
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.9124
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7500
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: -0.9204
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9200
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.9468
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1900
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: -0.9663
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.9765
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3000
  • Cell Name: urothelial cell (CL0000731)
    Fold Change: -0.9813
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8400
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: -0.9824
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6900
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -1.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8200
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: -1.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6400
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -1.0063
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2400
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -1.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4700
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -1.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -1.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -1.0355
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** APOA4 is a small, secreted protein (approximately 36 kDa) that belongs to the apolipoprotein A family. It is primarily synthesized in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, where it associates with HDL particles. APOA4 exhibits several distinct characteristics, including: 1. **Cholesterol efflux**: APOA4 facilitates the transfer of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to HDL particles, promoting cholesterol homeostasis. 2. **Lipid metabolism regulation**: APOA4 modulates lipid metabolism by regulating the activity of lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme involved in triglyceride catabolism. 3. **Antioxidant activity**: APOA4 exhibits antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 4. **Cell surface and cytosolic localization**: APOA4 is present on the cell surface and in the cytosol, where it interacts with lipids and other proteins. **Pathways and Functions** APOA4 is involved in several lipid-related pathways, including: 1. **Cholesterol homeostasis**: APOA4 regulates cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues to HDL particles, maintaining plasma lipid levels. 2. **Lipid metabolism**: APOA4 modulates lipid metabolism by regulating lipoprotein lipase activity and triglyceride catabolism. 3. **Antioxidant activity**: APOA4 protects cells from oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 4. **Reverse cholesterol transport**: APOA4 facilitates the transfer of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion. **Clinical Significance** APOA4 has significant implications for our understanding of lipid-related disorders, including: 1. **Atherosclerosis**: Elevated APOA4 levels have been associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, suggesting a potential role in disease pathogenesis. 2. **Metabolic syndrome**: APOA4 may play a role in the development of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions characterized by insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. 3. **Cardiovascular disease**: APOA4 may serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease, as its levels have been linked to cardiovascular risk factors. 4. **Therapeutic targets**: APOA4 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lipid-related disorders, such as atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, APOA4 is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various lipid-related disorders, highlighting the importance of APOA4 in maintaining cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which APOA4 regulates lipid metabolism and its potential therapeutic applications.

Genular Protein ID: 673944583

Symbol: APOA4_HUMAN

Name: Apolipoprotein A-IV

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3755616

Title: Structure, evolution, and tissue-specific synthesis of human apolipoprotein AIV.

PubMed ID: 3755616

DOI: 10.1021/bi00361a034

PubMed ID: 3095836

Title: Structure, evolution, and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene (APOA4).

PubMed ID: 3095836

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8457

PubMed ID: 3036793

Title: Structure and expression of the human apolipoprotein A-IV gene.

PubMed ID: 3036793

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47513-8

PubMed ID: 2930771

Title: The primary structure of human apolipoprotein A-IV.

PubMed ID: 2930771

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(89)90292-0

PubMed ID: 15108119

Title: The effects of scale: variation in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster.

PubMed ID: 15108119

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1106-x

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3080432

Title: The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of human apolipoprotein A-IV mRNA and the close linkage of its gene to the genes of apolipoproteins A-I and C-III.

PubMed ID: 3080432

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35888-x

PubMed ID: 6706947

Title: Biosynthesis of human preapolipoprotein A-IV.

PubMed ID: 6706947

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43684-2

PubMed ID: 2351649

Title: Genetic polymorphism of human plasma apolipoprotein A-IV is due to nucleotide substitutions in the apolipoprotein A-IV gene.

PubMed ID: 2351649

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38779-4

PubMed ID: 1973689

Title: Human plasma apolipoproteins A-IV-0 and A-IV-3. Molecular basis for two rare variants of apolipoprotein A-IV-1.

PubMed ID: 1973689

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38406-6

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22579246

Title: The structure of dimeric apolipoprotein A-IV and its mechanism of self-association.

PubMed ID: 22579246

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.02.020

PubMed ID: 2065039

Title: The mutation causing the common apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism is a glutamine to histidine substitution of amino acid 360.

PubMed ID: 2065039

DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.11.4.851

PubMed ID: 1677358

Title: Three genetic variants of human plasma apolipoprotein A-IV: apoA-IV-1(Thr-347-->Ser), apoA-IV-0(Lys-167-->Glu,Gln-360-->His), and apoA-IV-3(Glu-165-->Lys).

PubMed ID: 1677358

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)92728-6

PubMed ID: 1349197

Title: Nonsynonymous polymorphic sites in the apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV gene are associated with changes in the concentration of apo B- and apo A-I-containing lipoproteins in a normal population.

PubMed ID: 1349197

PubMed ID: 1737067

Title: A novel polymorphism of apolipoprotein A-IV is the result of an asparagine to serine substitution at residue 127.

PubMed ID: 1737067

DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(92)90147-f

PubMed ID: 1487136

Title: Molecular basis of a unique African variant (A-IV 5) of human apolipoprotein A-IV and its significance in lipid metabolism.

PubMed ID: 1487136

DOI: 10.1002/gepi.1370090602

PubMed ID: 7728150

Title: Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism in the Hungarian population: gene frequencies, effect on lipid levels, and sequence of two new variants.

PubMed ID: 7728150

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380050108

PubMed ID: 8956036

Title: Two novel apolipoprotein A-IV variants in individuals with familial combined hyperlipidemia and diminished levels of lipoprotein lipase activity.

PubMed ID: 8956036

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1996)8:4<319::aid-humu4>3.0.co;2-2

PubMed ID: 10391210

Title: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 10391210

DOI: 10.1038/10297

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 396
  • Mass: 45372
  • Checksum: 19307A196CAE0A4A
  • Sequence:
  • MFLKAVVLTL ALVAVAGARA EVSADQVATV MWDYFSQLSN NAKEAVEHLQ KSELTQQLNA 
    LFQDKLGEVN TYAGDLQKKL VPFATELHER LAKDSEKLKE EIGKELEELR ARLLPHANEV 
    SQKIGDNLRE LQQRLEPYAD QLRTQVSTQA EQLRRQLTPY AQRMERVLRE NADSLQASLR 
    PHADELKAKI DQNVEELKGR LTPYADEFKV KIDQTVEELR RSLAPYAQDT QEKLNHQLEG 
    LTFQMKKNAE ELKARISASA EELRQRLAPL AEDVRGNLRG NTEGLQKSLA ELGGHLDQQV 
    EEFRRRVEPY GENFNKALVQ QMEQLRQKLG PHAGDVEGHL SFLEKDLRDK VNSFFSTFKE 
    KESQDKTLSL PELEQQQEQQ QEQQQEQVQM LAPLES

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.