Details for: APOC3

Gene ID: 345

Symbol: APOC3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110245

Description: apolipoprotein C3

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 38.2281
    Cell Significance Index: 642.9700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 21.8164
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3000
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 6.5527
    Cell Significance Index: 110.3800
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 5.7151
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 5.6487
    Cell Significance Index: 84.6400
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 4.1464
    Cell Significance Index: 31.4400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 4.0099
    Cell Significance Index: 128.4300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 3.9053
    Cell Significance Index: 775.0300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 3.2246
    Cell Significance Index: 146.1600
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 2.8322
    Cell Significance Index: 16.3100
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 2.4851
    Cell Significance Index: 36.6800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 2.3197
    Cell Significance Index: 45.3600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 1.9341
    Cell Significance Index: 133.7500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 1.9216
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.8423
    Cell Significance Index: 53.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 1.5987
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2500
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 1.4895
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 1.3218
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.2566
    Cell Significance Index: 124.3100
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 1.1322
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1700
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.7185
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.7098
    Cell Significance Index: 77.2100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.6956
    Cell Significance Index: 132.3700
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.6877
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.5043
    Cell Significance Index: 82.0300
  • Cell Name: mature B cell (CL0000785)
    Fold Change: 0.4632
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.3829
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3100
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 0.3791
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3086
    Cell Significance Index: 278.6100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.2441
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3200
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.1492
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0669
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2900
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7100
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery (CL0002591)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: -0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0394
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0530
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0548
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: -0.0806
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0813
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0822
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0837
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1300
  • Cell Name: urothelial cell (CL0000731)
    Fold Change: -0.0839
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0861
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1128
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7400
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: -0.1234
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1260
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.1409
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2600
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.1461
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1508
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1606
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1613
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell precursor (CL0002375)
    Fold Change: -0.1703
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1729
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6300
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: -0.1896
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.2117
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2295
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.2360
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: -0.2485
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.2672
    Cell Significance Index: -27.2900
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: -0.2694
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2784
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6600
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: -0.2788
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.2812
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8500
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.2903
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2500
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: -0.2937
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2963
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3002
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3019
    Cell Significance Index: -23.9100
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.3098
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.3468
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.3606
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9000
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.3941
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8300
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: -0.4000
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.4103
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7900
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: -0.4389
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.4422
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7900
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.4439
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3100
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.4719
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.4783
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5900
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.4883
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1700
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.4972
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7900
  • Cell Name: natural T-regulatory cell (CL0000903)
    Fold Change: -0.5044
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** APOC3 is a 108-amino acid protein that belongs to the apolipoprotein C family. It is primarily synthesized in the liver and has a wide distribution in various tissues, including the brain, adipose tissue, and immune cells. APOC3 is characterized by its ability to bind lipids, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol, and its capacity to inhibit the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). This inhibition leads to reduced triglyceride hydrolysis and increased triglyceride levels in the bloodstream. **Pathways and Functions:** APOC3 is involved in multiple pathways that regulate lipid metabolism, including: 1. **Cholesterol efflux**: APOC3 facilitates the transfer of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to HDL particles, promoting the formation of atheroprotective HDL. 2. **Triglyceride homeostasis**: APOC3 inhibits LPL activity, leading to reduced triglyceride hydrolysis and increased triglyceride levels in the bloodstream. 3. **Reverse cholesterol transport**: APOC3 promotes the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion. 4. **Immune regulation**: APOC3 is expressed in immune cells, including microglia and macrophages, where it regulates the activity of these cells and modulates the immune response. **Clinical Significance:** APOC3 has been identified as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), as elevated levels of APOC3 have been associated with increased triglyceride levels, reduced HDL levels, and increased risk of CVD events. Furthermore, APOC3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of other diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, APOC3 has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CVD and other lipid-related disorders. Inhibitors of APOC3, such as daraplatamab, have been developed to reduce triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels, thereby reducing the risk of CVD events. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** APOC3 is expressed in various cell types, including: 1. Hepatoblasts 2. Periportal region hepatocytes 3. Microglial cells 4. Endothelial cells 5. Inflammatory macrophages 6. Erythroblasts 7. Enterocytes 8. Mesenchymal cells 9. Midzonal region hepatocytes 10. Centrilobular region hepatocytes In conclusion, APOC3 is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and cardiovascular health. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, and its inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CVD and other lipid-related disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of APOC3 and its role in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 393228631

Symbol: APOC3_HUMAN

Name: Apolipoprotein C-III

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02656 Q08E83 Q6Q786

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CPTAC 1 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 4 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 38 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6439535

Title: Isolation and sequence analysis of the human apolipoprotein CIII gene and the intergenic region between the apo AI and apo CIII genes.

PubMed ID: 6439535

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1.1984.3.449

PubMed ID: 6548954

Title: Isolation and DNA sequence of full-length cDNA for human preapolipoprotein CIII.

PubMed ID: 6548954

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1984.3.359

PubMed ID: 2989400

Title: Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones corresponding to two different human apoC-III alleles.

PubMed ID: 2989400

PubMed ID: 6328445

Title: Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance.

PubMed ID: 6328445

DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.9.3917

PubMed ID: 15108119

Title: The effects of scale: variation in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster.

PubMed ID: 15108119

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1106-x

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3949020

Title: Amino acid sequence of human plasma apolipoprotein C-III from normolipidemic subjects.

PubMed ID: 3949020

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80300-3

PubMed ID: 4846755

Title: The complete amino acid sequence of alanine apolipoprotein (apoC-3), and apolipoprotein from human plasma very low density lipoproteins.

PubMed ID: 4846755

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42416-2

PubMed ID: 18201179

Title: An ABC of apolipoprotein C-III: a clinically useful new cardiovascular risk factor?

PubMed ID: 18201179

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01678.x

PubMed ID: 19838169

Title: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification.

PubMed ID: 19838169

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1392

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22510806

Title: Apolipoprotein C-III and hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production.

PubMed ID: 22510806

DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328352dc70

PubMed ID: 23527852

Title: Identification of new apolipoprotein-CIII glycoforms with ultrahigh resolution MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry of human sera.

PubMed ID: 23527852

DOI: 10.1021/pr400136p

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 18408013

Title: Structure and dynamics of human apolipoprotein CIII.

PubMed ID: 18408013

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800756200

PubMed ID: 3123586

Title: Molecular cloning of a human apoC-III variant: Thr 74-->Ala 74 mutation prevents O-glycosylation.

PubMed ID: 3123586

PubMed ID: 2022742

Title: Apolipoprotein C-III(Lys-58-->Glu). Identification of an apolipoprotein C-III variant in a family with hyperalphalipoproteinemia.

PubMed ID: 2022742

DOI: 10.1172/jci115190

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 99
  • Mass: 10852
  • Checksum: D4E806339FAE4DA7
  • Sequence:
    • MQPRVLLVVA LLALLASARA SEAEDASLLS FMQGYMKHAT KTAKDALSSV QESQVAQQAR 
GWVTDGFSSL KDYWSTVKDK FSEFWDLDPE VRPTSAVAA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.