Details for: APOC3

Gene ID: 345

Symbol: APOC3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110245

Description: apolipoprotein C3

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 12.04
    Marker Score: 39,430
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 4
    Marker Score: 21,507
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 3.75
    Marker Score: 6,829
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Marker Score: 3,106
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 2.89
    Marker Score: 896
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Marker Score: 1,756
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Marker Score: 4,155
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Marker Score: 4,281
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 2.48
    Marker Score: 10,704
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 14,941
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Marker Score: 2,168
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Marker Score: 478
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Marker Score: 1,976
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium proper of ileum (CL1000342)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Marker Score: 538
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Marker Score: 8,575
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Marker Score: 481
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 1,457
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 907
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 1,455
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 7,520
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 6,845
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 404
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,817
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,043
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,407
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 504
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 457
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 1,547
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,412
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5,320
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2,742
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 861
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 321
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 658
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 302
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 3,263
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 184
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 392
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 685
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 289
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 291
  • Cell Name: mucosal invariant T cell (CL0000940)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 545
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 441
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 202
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 273
  • Cell Name: type L enteroendocrine cell (CL0002279)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 122
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 1,556
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 181
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 199
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 425
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 977
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 256
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 103
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 274
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 265
  • Cell Name: natural T-regulatory cell (CL0000903)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 186
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 134
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 384
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 239
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 141
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 108
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 91
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 99
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 77
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 144
  • Cell Name: NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001080)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 549
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 268
  • Cell Name: IgA plasma cell (CL0000987)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 193
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 100
  • Cell Name: type I enteroendocrine cell (CL0002277)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 85
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 367
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 100
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 110
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 2,903
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 44
  • Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 87
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 550
  • Cell Name: glial cell (CL0000125)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 191
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine (CL0009016)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 51
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 197
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 70
  • Cell Name: NKp44-positive group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001079)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 33
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 97
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine (CL0009022)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 32
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 134
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: gamma-delta T cell (CL0000798)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 94
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 119
  • Cell Name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human (CL0000939)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 105
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell (CL0000077)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: intraepithelial lymphocyte (CL0002496)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 148

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** APOC3 is a 108-amino acid protein that belongs to the apolipoprotein C family. It is primarily synthesized in the liver and has a wide distribution in various tissues, including the brain, adipose tissue, and immune cells. APOC3 is characterized by its ability to bind lipids, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol, and its capacity to inhibit the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). This inhibition leads to reduced triglyceride hydrolysis and increased triglyceride levels in the bloodstream. **Pathways and Functions:** APOC3 is involved in multiple pathways that regulate lipid metabolism, including: 1. **Cholesterol efflux**: APOC3 facilitates the transfer of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to HDL particles, promoting the formation of atheroprotective HDL. 2. **Triglyceride homeostasis**: APOC3 inhibits LPL activity, leading to reduced triglyceride hydrolysis and increased triglyceride levels in the bloodstream. 3. **Reverse cholesterol transport**: APOC3 promotes the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion. 4. **Immune regulation**: APOC3 is expressed in immune cells, including microglia and macrophages, where it regulates the activity of these cells and modulates the immune response. **Clinical Significance:** APOC3 has been identified as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), as elevated levels of APOC3 have been associated with increased triglyceride levels, reduced HDL levels, and increased risk of CVD events. Furthermore, APOC3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of other diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, APOC3 has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CVD and other lipid-related disorders. Inhibitors of APOC3, such as daraplatamab, have been developed to reduce triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels, thereby reducing the risk of CVD events. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** APOC3 is expressed in various cell types, including: 1. Hepatoblasts 2. Periportal region hepatocytes 3. Microglial cells 4. Endothelial cells 5. Inflammatory macrophages 6. Erythroblasts 7. Enterocytes 8. Mesenchymal cells 9. Midzonal region hepatocytes 10. Centrilobular region hepatocytes In conclusion, APOC3 is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, immune regulation, and cardiovascular health. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, and its inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CVD and other lipid-related disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of APOC3 and its role in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 393228631

Symbol: APOC3_HUMAN

Name: Apolipoprotein C-III

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02656 Q08E83 Q6Q786

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CPTAC 1 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 4 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 15 EPD 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 38 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SWISS-2DPAGE 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6439535

Title: Isolation and sequence analysis of the human apolipoprotein CIII gene and the intergenic region between the apo AI and apo CIII genes.

PubMed ID: 6439535

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1.1984.3.449

PubMed ID: 6548954

Title: Isolation and DNA sequence of full-length cDNA for human preapolipoprotein CIII.

PubMed ID: 6548954

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1984.3.359

PubMed ID: 2989400

Title: Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones corresponding to two different human apoC-III alleles.

PubMed ID: 2989400

PubMed ID: 6328445

Title: Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance.

PubMed ID: 6328445

DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.9.3917

PubMed ID: 15108119

Title: The effects of scale: variation in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster.

PubMed ID: 15108119

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1106-x

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3949020

Title: Amino acid sequence of human plasma apolipoprotein C-III from normolipidemic subjects.

PubMed ID: 3949020

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80300-3

PubMed ID: 4846755

Title: The complete amino acid sequence of alanine apolipoprotein (apoC-3), and apolipoprotein from human plasma very low density lipoproteins.

PubMed ID: 4846755

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42416-2

PubMed ID: 18201179

Title: An ABC of apolipoprotein C-III: a clinically useful new cardiovascular risk factor?

PubMed ID: 18201179

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01678.x

PubMed ID: 19838169

Title: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification.

PubMed ID: 19838169

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1392

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22510806

Title: Apolipoprotein C-III and hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production.

PubMed ID: 22510806

DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328352dc70

PubMed ID: 23527852

Title: Identification of new apolipoprotein-CIII glycoforms with ultrahigh resolution MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry of human sera.

PubMed ID: 23527852

DOI: 10.1021/pr400136p

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 18408013

Title: Structure and dynamics of human apolipoprotein CIII.

PubMed ID: 18408013

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800756200

PubMed ID: 3123586

Title: Molecular cloning of a human apoC-III variant: Thr 74-->Ala 74 mutation prevents O-glycosylation.

PubMed ID: 3123586

PubMed ID: 2022742

Title: Apolipoprotein C-III(Lys-58-->Glu). Identification of an apolipoprotein C-III variant in a family with hyperalphalipoproteinemia.

PubMed ID: 2022742

DOI: 10.1172/jci115190

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 99
  • Mass: 10852
  • Checksum: D4E806339FAE4DA7
  • Sequence:
    • MQPRVLLVVA LLALLASARA SEAEDASLLS FMQGYMKHAT KTAKDALSSV QESQVAQQAR 
GWVTDGFSSL KDYWSTVKDK FSEFWDLDPE VRPTSAVAA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.