Details for: APOD

Gene ID: 347

Symbol: APOD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000189058

Description: apolipoprotein D

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 31.4426
    Cell Significance Index: 213.0400
  • Cell Name: inflammatory cell (CL0009002)
    Fold Change: 19.3729
    Cell Significance Index: 111.0800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 12.9322
    Cell Significance Index: 370.7100
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 8.4423
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9300
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 4.4783
    Cell Significance Index: 26.3100
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 3.6390
    Cell Significance Index: 64.3100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 3.1664
    Cell Significance Index: 61.8000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 2.7996
    Cell Significance Index: 171.6400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of the aortic adventitia (CL0002547)
    Fold Change: 2.7340
    Cell Significance Index: 27.5900
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 2.4863
    Cell Significance Index: 53.1500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.1124
    Cell Significance Index: 45.7700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: 1.6984
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.6647
    Cell Significance Index: 228.6100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.2680
    Cell Significance Index: 94.5000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 1.1131
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 1.0480
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.8726
    Cell Significance Index: 39.5500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.7484
    Cell Significance Index: 95.9400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.4048
    Cell Significance Index: 77.0400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4033
    Cell Significance Index: 364.1700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3794
    Cell Significance Index: 37.5300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.3757
    Cell Significance Index: 18.9900
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 0.3659
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.3092
    Cell Significance Index: 39.9500
  • Cell Name: prostate stromal cell (CL0002622)
    Fold Change: 0.2751
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2147
    Cell Significance Index: 34.9300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.1270
    Cell Significance Index: 239.0500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1167
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0840
    Cell Significance Index: 16.8500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0602
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: 13.9900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -31.1900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -31.8400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -33.2800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: -21.3700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4900
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: -30.4700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0587
    Cell Significance Index: -32.0800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0625
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0700
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0759
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0843
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0851
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0916
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1053
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.1437
    Cell Significance Index: -28.5300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1711
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2285
    Cell Significance Index: -26.6300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2426
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2487
    Cell Significance Index: -28.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2611
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.2797
    Cell Significance Index: -28.5700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.2819
    Cell Significance Index: -33.2500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2994
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2100
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.3164
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.3731
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.3819
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3860
    Cell Significance Index: -30.5800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3864
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.4104
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8700
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.4108
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1900
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: -0.4766
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.4941
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.5048
    Cell Significance Index: -32.5700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.5600
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0900
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.5651
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.5766
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.6109
    Cell Significance Index: -34.2800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.6308
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.6954
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.7287
    Cell Significance Index: -32.2300
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.7767
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.7827
    Cell Significance Index: -32.0700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.8038
    Cell Significance Index: -26.3200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.8064
    Cell Significance Index: -28.2500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: -0.8142
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.8279
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.8423
    Cell Significance Index: -23.5400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.8591
    Cell Significance Index: -27.3600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.8709
    Cell Significance Index: -32.9800
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.9039
    Cell Significance Index: -31.4100
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: -0.9149
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.9539
    Cell Significance Index: -27.2200
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.9844
    Cell Significance Index: -23.8500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -1.0409
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4200
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: -1.0441
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6900
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -1.0690
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -1.0730
    Cell Significance Index: -28.6500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** APOD exhibits a range of functional characteristics that distinguish it from other apolipoproteins. Some of its key characteristics include: 1. **Lipid binding**: APOD has a high affinity for cholesterol and phospholipids, which enables it to participate in lipid metabolism and transport. 2. **Cell signaling**: APOD interacts with various signaling pathways, including those mediated by nuclear receptors, such as NR1H2 and NR1H3, which regulate gene expression linked to cholesterol transport and efflux. 3. **Immune regulation**: APOD has anti-inflammatory properties, as it negatively regulates cytokine production, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway. 4. **Cell proliferation and migration**: APOD inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, as well as T cell migration, suggesting its role in tissue regeneration and immune modulation. 5. **Neuroregeneration**: APOD is involved in peripheral nervous system axon regeneration, highlighting its potential in neurotherapeutics. **Pathways and Functions** APOD participates in various cellular pathways, including: 1. **Lipid metabolism**: APOD is involved in the transport and metabolism of lipids, particularly cholesterol, which is essential for energy storage, cell signaling, and membrane structure. 2. **Cholesterol efflux**: APOD facilitates the efflux of cholesterol from cells to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which helps to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. 3. **Immune regulation**: APOD negatively regulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting cytokine production, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway. 4. **Cell signaling**: APOD interacts with nuclear receptors, such as NR1H2 and NR1H3, which regulate gene expression linked to cholesterol transport and efflux. 5. **Neuroregeneration**: APOD is involved in peripheral nervous system axon regeneration, which is essential for nerve repair and recovery. **Clinical Significance** The clinical significance of APOD is multifaceted: 1. **Atherosclerosis**: APOD may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, as it is involved in lipid metabolism and cholesterol efflux. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: APOD's involvement in neuroregeneration and immune regulation makes it a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 3. **Inflammatory disorders**: APOD's anti-inflammatory properties may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 4. **Cancer**: APOD's role in cell proliferation and migration suggests its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target in cancer. 5. **Regenerative medicine**: APOD's involvement in tissue regeneration and immune modulation makes it a promising candidate for regenerative therapies. In conclusion, APOD is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and immune regulation. Its clinical significance extends to atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders, cancer, and regenerative medicine, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms of APOD and its clinical applications.

Genular Protein ID: 1287761366

Symbol: APOD_HUMAN

Name: Apolipoprotein D

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P05090 B2R579 D3DNW6 Q6IBG6

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 4 EMBL 11 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 28 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 3 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SASBDB 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3453108

Title: Cloning and expression of human apolipoprotein D cDNA.

PubMed ID: 3453108

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66599-8

PubMed ID: 2439269

Title: Human apolipoprotein D gene: gene sequence, chromosome localization, and homology to the alpha 2u-globulin superfamily.

PubMed ID: 2439269

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1987.6.199

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7918467

Title: Structure of human apolipoprotein D: locations of the intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide links.

PubMed ID: 7918467

DOI: 10.1021/bi00207a011

PubMed ID: 8549691

Title: The human lacrimal gland synthesizes apolipoprotein D mRNA in addition to tear prealbumin mRNA, both species encoding members of the lipocalin superfamily.

PubMed ID: 8549691

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80145-9

PubMed ID: 2244881

Title: Apolipoprotein D is the major protein component in cyst fluid from women with human breast gross cystic disease.

PubMed ID: 2244881

DOI: 10.1042/bj2710803

PubMed ID: 14760718

Title: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14760718

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300556

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 19139490

Title: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 19139490

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800504-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19838169

Title: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification.

PubMed ID: 19838169

DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1392

PubMed ID: 22171320

Title: Human urinary glycoproteomics; attachment site specific analysis of N- and O-linked glycosylations by CID and ECD.

PubMed ID: 22171320

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.013649

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 2083249

Title: Is apolipoprotein D a mammalian bilin-binding protein?

PubMed ID: 2083249

PubMed ID: 7613477

Title: Site-specific detection and structural characterization of the glycosylation of human plasma proteins lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and apolipoprotein D using HPLC/electrospray mass spectrometry and sequential glycosidase digestion.

PubMed ID: 7613477

DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560040419

PubMed ID: 10391209

Title: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes.

PubMed ID: 10391209

DOI: 10.1038/10290

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 189
  • Mass: 21276
  • Checksum: 0EAA6DE03D5E71A8
  • Sequence:
    • MVMLLLLLSA LAGLFGAAEG QAFHLGKCPN PPVQENFDVN KYLGRWYEIE KIPTTFENGR 
CIQANYSLME NGKIKVLNQE LRADGTVNQI EGEATPVNLT EPAKLEVKFS WFMPSAPYWI 
LATDYENYAL VYSCTCIIQL FHVDFAWILA RNPNLPPETV DSLKNILTSN NIDVKKMTVT 
DQVNCPKLS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.